© bacterial diversity of a cyanobacterial mat degrading petroleum compounds at elevated salinities...
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Bacterial Diversity Of A Cyanobacterial Mat Degrading
Petroleum
Compounds At Elevated Salinities And Temperatures
Abed, RMM; Al-Thukair, A; de Beer, D
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY; pp: 290-301; Vol: 57
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
http://www.kfupm.edu.sa
Summary
Cyanobacterial mats of the Arabian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia experience extreme
conditions of temperature and salinity. Because they are exposed to continuous oil
pollution, they form ideal models for biodegradation under extreme conditions. We
investigated the bacterial diversity of these mats using denaturing gradient gel
electrophoresis and 16S rRNA cloning, and tested their potential to degrade petroleum
compounds at various salinities (fresh water to 16%) and temperatures (5 to 50
degrees C). Cloning revealed that c. 15% of the obtained sequences were related to
unknown, possibly novel bacteria. Bacteria belonging to Beta-, Gamma- and
Deltaproteobacteria, Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides group and Spirochetes,
were detected. The biodegradation of petroleum compounds at different salinities by
mat microorganisms showed that pristine and n-octadecane were optimally degraded
at salinities between 5 and 12% (weight per volume NaCl) whereas the optimum
degradation of phenanthrene and dibenzothiophene was at 3.5% salinity. The latter
compounds were also degradable at 8% salinity. The same compounds were degraded
at temperatures between 15 and 40 degrees C but not at 5 and 50 degrees C. The
optimum temperature of degradation was 28-40 degrees C for both aliphatics and
aromatics. We conclude that the studied microbial mats from Saudi Arabia are rich in
novel halotolerant and thermotolerant microorganisms with the potential to degrade
petroleum compounds at elevated salinities and temperatures.
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