FLUCTUATING RELATIONS EXAM 5 Minutes to Study!!!! Write one of the following questions at the TOP OF YOUR

ESSAY!!! Good Luck. 1 Hour.

1) Compare and contrast the significance of the Berlin crises and also of Czechoslovakia’s ‘Prague Spring’ in the development of the Cold War in Europe during the period 1953 – 1968.

2) In what ways did developments in Vietnam affect the Cold War between 1954 – 1968?

3) Analyze the part played by Cuba in the development of the Cold War in the period 1959 – 1968.

4) Assess the impact of the Cold War on two regions excluding the United States and Soviet Union.

4/2 & 4/13Icebreaker

1) Define détente

2) Explain

-SALT I-SALT II-Treaty on the Non-Proliferation

of Nuclear Weapons-START I

ICEBREAKER RESPONSES Détente ~ 1969 – 1979 ~ easing of tensions

between the US & SU SALT I- Froze the number of strategic ballistic

missile launchers at existing levels SALT II- Stop the manufacture of nuclear

weapons Treaty on Non – Proliferation of Nuclear

Weapons – objective to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and technology – disarmament, & right to peacefully use nuclear technology

START I – signed in 1991 limiting the number of nuclear warheads US & SU could have

SU & MIDDLE EAST SU had developed relationship with several

Arab states In a 1967 war between Egypt & Israel SU

supplied Egypt with weapons and military advisors and as a result were granted ports and airbases

Détente continued to crumble as the US made it clear its intention to maintain its global power base Wave of revolutions break out in Developing

World, especially in Middle East, Africa, and Central America. USSR saw this as opportunity to improve international

position

SECOND COLD WAR VS. FIRST COLD WAR

Détente comes to a close with the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan SU sends Red Army

to the support the new pro-soviet Afghan gov’t

SU considered action to be inline with Brezhnev Doctrine

RESULTS OF INTERVENTION In 1978, the USSR invaded Afghanistan and tried to set up a friendly government. It became the USSR’s Vietnam, a long war with no clear victory possible and many casualties and high costs.The US supported the Afghani rebels known as the Mujahideen. In 1989 the Soviets finally withdrew. Islamic extremists used the opportunity to take over the country. The defeat weakened the Soviet’s economy and morale.

US REACTION TO SOVIET INTERVENTION IN AFGHANISTAN 1980 President Jimmy Carter blocked

various exports to USSR = sanctions…included much needed grain deliveries

Called for USA’s non-ratificaiton of SALT II & called for boycott of 1980 summer Olympics in Moscow

The Carter Doctrine – proclaimed the Persian Gulf to be a vital strategic area for US interests

US agreed to supply China with military equipment

REAGAN AND THE SECOND COLD WAR Ronald Reagan was elected president in

Nov. 1980 The New Right (a coalition of Rep. and

Conservative Democrats) claimed US was now militarily superior to the SU)

New Right dominated Congress and was allied with Pentagon and arms manufactures

As a result military spending once again increases

Reagan administration begins talks of ‘surgical’ nuclear strikes

POLAND Polish government imposed martial law

in an attempt to stop the growth of the independent Solidarity Trade Union Movement – Led by Lech Walsea was the first non-communist party controlled trade union in the Warsaw Pact

Party constituted nearly 1/3 of working population

US provided nearly $50 million to the Solidarity party

POLAND Direct Soviet military intervention in Poland

was ruled out Moscow put pressure on Polish leadership for

a tough response Moscow feared if Poland was able to develop

more democratic system, other Eastern European states would follow

Rigid Soviet stance stemmed from view of Poland as important part of Warsaw Pact & Soviet defense in Europe

US responded to SU attitude toward Poland by imposing economic and trade sanctions on both countries

THE SU & GORBACHEV Years of 1982 – 1985 the SU was going

through a tense political transition Yuri AndroPov had succeeded Brezhnev in

Nov. 1982 but that would not last as Yuri would die in Feb. 1984…Nikolai Cherenko took over but would die a year later

These rapid leadership changes and trying to keep up with US military spending was derailing the SU economy

By late 1980s SU economy was more like a developing economy

Technological gap between US and SU widened

MIKHAIL GORBACHEV Would take over in March 11 1985 and

would turn out to be the beginning of the end of the Cold War

His thinking included removing ‘Marxist-Leninist’ ideology

Gorbachev’s main concern was to end the stagnation of the Soviet economy

Realized the burden of maintaining the military power of the SU was too great, and that its effect on the SU economy and on the living standards of consumers would ultimately undermine Soviet security

EXIT CARD What was the purpose of SALT I, SALT II,

and Treaty of Non-Proliferation? Why did the Soviet Union invade

Afghanistan? What was the outcome? Describe the conflict in Poland and

outcome.