Παραδοτέο_Μελέτη 12.10
TRANSCRIPT
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. 2010
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...................................................................................................................................... 6 ...................................................................................................................................... 7 ...................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1
1. ...................................................................................................................................... 10 2. 1985 : ...................................................................................................................................... 12 3. ...................................................................................................................................... 18 3.1. ...................................................................................................................................... 18 3.2. ...... ...................................................................................................................................... 20 3.2.1. ...................................................................................................................................... 20 3.2.2. (span of control) ...................................................................................................................................... 21
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3.2.3. ...................................................................................................................................... 22 3.2.4. ...................................................................................................................................... 25 4. ...................................................................................................................................... 27 5. ...................................................................................................................................... 30 6. (/ /) ...................................................................................................................................... 42 7. ...................................................................................................................................... 72 8. ...................................................................................................................................... 78 9. ...................................................................................................................................... 86 10. ...................................................................................................................................... 90 10.1. (.3852/2010) ...................................................................................................................... 92
1.2
S.W.O.T.
3
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S.W.O.T. ...................................................................................................................................... 97
1.3
1. ...................................................................................................................................... 104 2. , , ...................................................................................................................................... 105 2.1. ...................................................................................................................... 106 2.1.1. ...................................................................................................................................... 106 2.1.2. ...................................................................................................................................... 106 2.1.3. ...................................................................................................................................... 107 2.1.3.1. ...................................................................................................................................... 111 2.1.3.2. ...................................................................................................................................... 112 2.1.3.3. ...................................................................................................................................... 114 2.1.4.
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................................................................................................................ 117 2.2. ...................................................................................................................... 119 2.2.1. ...................................................................................................................................... 119 2.2.2. ...................................................................................................................................... 119 2.2.3. ...................................................................................................................................... 121 2.2.3.1. ...................................................................................................................................... 123 2.2.3.2. ...................................................................................................................................... 124 2.2.3.3. - ...................................................................................................................................... 127 2.2.4. ................................................................................................................ 129 2.3. ................................................................................................................................ 132 2.3.1. ...................................................................................................................................... 132 2.3.2. - ...................................................................................................................................... 132 2.3.3. ...................................................................................................................................... 134 2.3.3.1
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...................................................................................................................................... 135 2.3.3.2 ...................................................................................................................................... 136 2.3.3.3 - ...................................................................................................................................... 138 2.3.4. ................................................................................................................ 142 2.4. ................................................................................................................................ 145 2.4.1. ...................................................................................................................................... 145 2.4.2. ...................................................................................................................................... 146 2.4.3. ...................................................................................................................................... 148 2.4.3.1. (ISCED 0, 1,2) ................................................................................................................ 149 2.4.3.2 ( ISCED 3) ................................................................................................................ 151 2.4.4. ................................................................................................................ 154 2.4.4.1 ...................................................................................................................................... 154 2.4.4.2 - ...................................................................................................................................... 159
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2.4.4.3 ...................................................................................................................................... 162 3. : ................................................................................................................................ 162 4. ...................................................................................................................................... 168 4.1. ................................................................................................................................ 169 4.2. ................................................................................................................................ 172 4.3. ................................................................................................................................ 173 4.4 - ................................................................................................................................ 175 5. ...................................................................................................................................... 176
1.4
1. ...................................................................................................................................... 179 2. ...................................................................................................................................... 181 2.1. - ................................................................................................................................ 183 3. ...................................................................................................................................... 184
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3.1 ................................................................................................................................ 184 3.2 ................................................................................................................................ 185 3.2.1 . ...... ................................................................................................................ 187 3.2.2 . ...... ................................................................................................................ 196 3.3 ................................................................................................................................ 199 3.4 ................................................................................................................................ 204 3.5 ................................................................................................................................ 223 4. ...................................................................................................................................... 227 5. ...................................................................................................................................... 230 6. ...................................................................................................................................... 235 ................................................................................................................................... 239 1: . . . . . . .
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12
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11: (top performers) PISA 2006 12: 13: . 14: 15: ( ) ( . 2009-10) 16: 17: 18: . 19:
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1.1
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24
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CV . . 200 80% ( ) 50% (). ( 65% 50%) . 60 . 80 60 (118 20 ). . 11500 ( ) 32200 17500 4000-5000 . 10200 . 4500 9000 . . 1280 1600 . . , . , (210 230 ).
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80
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4: , , . (.) (CV) ./ 173,00 308,00 103,67 360,33 122,75 140,25 282,50 70,75 247,00 213,00 217,50 148,80 162,80 196,18 43,4% ./ 61,79 71,87 103,67 67,56 81,83 93,50 70,63 141,50 70,57 71,00 48,33 67,64 101,75 80,89 29,8% // 9234,20 32206,14 4917,00 16973,00 5485,25 5279,50 12883,50 4171,25 17520,50 13245,00 13258,50 7535,40 7205,20 11531,88 66,9% / 3297,93 7514,77 4917,00 3182,44 3656,83 3519,67 3220,88 8342,50 5005,86 4415,00 2946,33 3425,18 4503,25 4457,51 37,9% . // 1002,80 2366,14 662,67 1982,33 816,75 786,75 1873,75 381,00 1964,63 1228,25 1527,50 1056,00 1006,40 1281,15 47,3% . / 358,14 552,10 662,67 371,69 544,50 524,50 468,44 762,00 561,32 409,42 339,44 480,00 629,00 512,56 24,5% . /. 185,70 190,38 180,73 205,07 192,18 165,63 267,68 190,50 266,39 196,52 254,58 220,00 218,78 210,32 15,9%
81
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5: , , . (.) (CV) ./ 39,60 141,86 39,33 96,33 33,75 41,00 72,25 22,75 79,25 54,00 79,50 51,60 45,40 61,28 52,7% ./ 66,00 35,46 118,00 36,13 67,50 82,00 41,29 91,00 52,83 72,00 19,88 43,00 45,40 59,27 45,5% // 7204,60 31591,14 4087,00 14746,00 4868,00 4959,25 11463,25 3456,75 15464,88 10738,25 10878,00 7083,00 6465,20 10231,18 73,6 / 12007,67 7897,79 12261,00 5529,75 9736,00 9918,50 6550,43 13827,00 10309,92 14317,67 2719,50 5902,50 6465,20 9034,07 39% . // 1.052 4.024 760 2.555 968 845 2.091 699 2.094 1.719 1.695 1.177 1.161 1603,06 58,2% . / 1.753 1.006 2.281 958 1.936 1.690 1.195 2.796 1.396 2.292 424 981 1.161 1528,31 43,8% . /. 210 256 152 225 258 169 288 254 246 287 212 226 264 234,51 17,6%
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SWOT
S.W.O.T. SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) (, 2006, 2008). SWOT . SWOT ( 7) :
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8: ISCED-97 ISCED 0 ISCED 1 ISCED 2 ISCED 3 ( ) ( ) , ( ) ( (master), , ) ISCED 5A
ISCED 4 ISCED 5 (5A, 5B)
108
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ISCED 5B. ISCED 5A , ISCED 5B - ( ISCED 5A ISCED 5B ...). ( Ph.D.
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109
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111
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112
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113
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114
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115
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, , , , .
2.1.3.2. 6 16 , 10 . (Education obligataire) (ecole elementaire) (college). () 15 , (, ) 10 . I. ( ) (Enseignement elementaire) 1989 , . , 6 11 5 ( 11, 10, 9, 8 7). : , , , , . : , , . / . 1 1992 26 , , .
116
,
II. (Ecole secondaire) (colleges) (lycees) . 1. (Colleges) 11 1975 ' 4 ( 6, 5, 4 3). , 3 . , ( ) . , , .. . , 3 , 1992-1993, 3 . ( ) . 3 ( 15), , , . , 1995-1996, : 6 , 5 4 , 3 .
117
,
3 - . , , . , , - . .
2.1.3.3. : - . . - - (Lycees d enseignement general et technologigue) (2, 1 ) : baccalaureat, baccalaureat ( - brevet technicien). : , , , , , , , sports. , , : , , - . , , , , baccalaureat , .
118
,
. 2 , , baccalaureat (brevet de technicien) : , , , , . 1 () baccalaureats. 2 : baccalaureat: (L), (ES) (S). baccalaureat: (STT), (STI), (STL), - (SMS). baccalaureats: , , . baccalaureats , , . (brevet de technicien) . brevet de technicien : ) , , ) (STS) (IUT). 3 , 2 , 2 . (Brevet de technicien agricole - BTA) 2 . .
119
,
, - . To baccalaureat . 1 . baccalaureat, 8/20, (certificat de fin d' etudes secondaires). To , . , , - baccalaureat. . 16 25 : () , () () 1994. , , - . , . . 0,1% , 0,3% , . :
120
,
( ) .
2.1.4. / . , . , , , , . -acadmies. 30 4 (.. ). recteur (, , ). - . . , , , .
121
,
100 (departements) 4 . inspecteur d' acadmie . . recteur. , , . , . : ) , , , ) , ) , ) , . - , , , ( ), . , , , . :
122
,
(lycees) , (colleges) , . , , . , , , .
2.2. 2.2.1. (, ) . ( ), ( ) (). ( ), , . , , .
2.2.2. , . , () . , Department
123
,
for Education and Employment (DfEE) , Welsh Office Education Department (WOED) , Department of Education for Northern Ireland (DENI) Scottish Office Education and Industry Department (SOEID) . . , . 53 369 , 6 36 , , 32 ( ). 9 53 3 , . , , 26 . . , , , . Training and Enterprise Councils (TECs). , , (curriculum) . . . . , , . , , , . (Local Education Authorities LEAs) , (Scottish Local Authorities SLAs) . , 1993 1988/89 .. , ,
124
,
(Local Management of Schools LMS).
2.2.3. , , , ( . ). : , . , , . , , , , , , . , (Local Educational Authorities), , , , , . , , . (Governing Body)
125
,
. 9 .
9: HIGHER EDUCATION UNIVERSITIES AND OTHER HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS FURTHER EDUCATION (3) SECONDARY SCHOOLS (3) Tertiary and Sixth Form Colleges ( Sixth Form ) SECONDARY SCHOOLS (1 + 2) Comprehensive, Grammar Schools, Technical Schools, Colleges and Technology Colleges , , , , MIDDLE SCHOOLS (1) JUNIOR SCHOOLS INFANT SCHOOLS () PRIMARY SCHOOLS (1) FIRST SCHOOLS (1) () NURSERY SCHOOLS AND CLASSES , YUTH TRAINING (4) FURTHER EDUCATION (Tertiary and Sixth Form Colleges)
(1) ( ) (, )
126
,
LEA - Local Education Authority ( ). (2) 90% ( 11 16 11 18 ). ( 11 18 ) ( 11 16 ). LEA . (3) 16 (Sixth Form). 11 16 16 . 16 19 , ( ) - 1992. . (4) ( ). -.
2.2.3.1. (Pre-school education) 2 5 , , . -LEA, - , , , .. , ,
127
,
, . . LEA, , 5 , 9.00 3.00 , . , , . 26 , 20 . , . , . . 1989, , : , , , , , , , .
2.2.3.2. (Compulsory education) 5 16 . 1944 : , - , 12 , , 12 18 , . 1988
128
,
, , 18 . 1964 8 12 9 13 , . , , . I. (Primary education) 1 ( 5 7 ) 2 ( 7 11 ) , . (Infant School) ( ) (Junior School). LEA. , ( 5 8 ) ( 8 ). , , . , 2 , . , , 5 11 ( ) . , . 1988, . II.
129
,
(Secondary education) 11 18 , 16 . 11 , , 12, 13 14 . 3 ( 11 14 ) 4 ( 14 16 ), - 18 . 16 - . 90%, . tests , , , , . Grammar Schools , 11 18 19 . Modern Schools , , 16 . Technical Schools , . 1993 10% . , 10% , . , , , , , .
130
,
, , , , , . , ( , ). .
2.2.3.3. - - (Post - compulsory education) (16 18 ) . (Further education) sixth forms 1992. 1992 16 . sixth forms . sixth forms 1 1993, . , 2, : General Certificate of . Secondary Education (GCSE) General Certificate of Education Advanced Level (GCEA Level) Advanced Supplementary (AS).
131
,
-
. . .
, . sixth forms GCE Level GSEA . . , 16 , . - , , ( ) . , ( ) . , block - release , 19 .
132
,
GCSE, , . . .
2.2.4. . . : ( ) , . , , . , . , 1993, standards, , . , , GCSE GCE . : ,
133
,
, - LEA). LEA, , . : : , . LEA, . , LEA, . , , , 1988. LEA . , - . LEA LEA, , . () , . ( ), , 1993 , 1994, . , , ,
134
,
(Employment Department though the Training and Enterprise Councils TEC). , LEA, . LEA , . , LEA- , , . , . LEA , . , . , , , , . , .
2.3. 2.3.1.
135
,
1957. , . 1948. , 30, 33, 34 38 . , - .
2.3.2. - . . 1946 . . , 1950 . 1977 . , (Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universit e della Ricerca). , . 1968 (Sovrintendenze Scolastiche Regionali). .
136
,
. , (ISCED3) (concorsi) . . (Provveditorato agli Studi). . ISCED1&2, . . . . , 1950, . 1972 ( , ). . , , , , . , 2004 INVALSI (Istituto nazionale di valutazione del sistema educativo di istruzione e formazione) .
2.3.3. 10 .
137
,
10: UNIVERSITARI E INSTITUTI UNIVERSITARI LICEO CLASSICO O (2) LICEO SCIENTIFICO LICEO (3) ARTISTICO INSTITOUTO SCUOLA MEDIA (1) SCUOLA ELEMENTARE SCUOLA DELL INFANZIA D ARTE (4) SCUOLA (8) MAGISTRALE INSTITOUTO TECNICO (5) INSTITOUTO MAGISTRALE (7) INSTITOUTO PROFESSIONALE (6)
ACADEMIE VARIE
CORSI PROFESSIONALI EDUCATIONE/ APPRENDISTATO CONTRATTI DI FORMAZONE LAVORO (9) / /
(1) Scuola media ( ). 3 . (2) 5 ( ) (maturita) . (3) 4 . 5 . (4) 3 . 2
138
,
. (5) 5 . (6) 3 . 5 . (7) 4 . (8) 3 . (9) - 15 32 ( 32). (CFL) 1 2 / . . 1 2 , 2 300 1.200 ( ). 2000 () . . 5
2.3.3.1 1968 (Scuola dell' infanzia) , . , 3 6 , . 1991,
139
,
, , . . 3, 4 5. . . 14 28 . 7 , 9 10 . 30 , 9 , 2 . 10 , 11, . 1991 . , , . 1990, 4 . , , . .
2.3.3.2 (Educatione obligatoria) 6 14 . . 8 10 , 16 . .
140
,
. , , , . I. (Scuola primaria) 1985 . 1990, . , . . , 6 11 . 2 3 . . ' , . . ' . 25 20, . II. (Scuola media) 11 14 . scuola media . ,
141
,
. . .
2.3.3.3 - I. 14 19 . ' , (media scuola) , , , . (-) - : ( ) . ( ) . ( ) . ( ) . 1990 - , . , . 1974 , , .
.
142
,
1.
(Liceo classico)
. 1991, 70% . : , 4 5 , ) , 1, 2 3 . : , , , , , , liceo: , , , , , , , , , . 2. (Liceo scientifico) . 1968 . . . 3.
(Instituto magistrate) . Instituto magistrate - ' . , ,
143
,
(5 ). 4. (Scuola magistrate) , . , ( , ) : diploma di maturitd classica, sciendifica .. .
. 1. (Liceo artistico) , , . : . , . . (5 ) , (diploma maturita di artistica) . 2. (Istituti d' arte) , . 34 (
144
,
, , , , , , , ..). , (diploma di arte applicata). , (diploma maturita di arte applicata) .
. ( ) (Istituto technico) 14 19 , , . : , , , , , , , . , . . , . ( ) . . ( ) (Istituto professionale) 14 17 19 .
145
,
. , . 180 , 60. , . , . . , . , . ( ), , .
2.3.4. , , , , , (, , ). , . , ,
146
,
. . , , . , , . 20 . , . (, , ) , , : ) . ) , , , , , , . ) , , . , : . . , ,
147
,
, , , . , 1997 , , . , . , . , . ISCED 3 , . 1998 . Dirigente scolastico ( ) . , , , , , . , . , .
148
,
2.4. 2.4.1. . PISA (Program for International Student Assessment) 2006 ( ) 15 , , . 11 (top performers) . 30 PISA (. PISA 2000, 2003).
11: (top performers) PISA 2006 (: OECD, Education at a Glance, 2009) 563 500 20,9 547 492 16,7% 548 498 24,4%
(%) (%)
9
8,6%
13,3%
, ( -) (: OECD, PISA 2006, 149
,
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/30/62/39704344.xls).
,
.
2.4.2. . 17 . 19 . , 1869. . , , . , . 1968 , . 1991, , , . , , .
150
,
. , . . . '80, . . , , 1988 (Seppanen, 2003). , , . , , , , (Simola, Rinne & Kivirauma, 2002). 90 (1991). (1993) , 1994 ... 1998 (Seppanen, 2003).
151
,
T 1999 E . (Education Legislation 1999) . H : E . 2001, , , . , , . , 2010. .
2.4.3. 12 , , .
12: 3-7 (7-15 ) (9 ). (16 ). (16-19 ).
152
,
full-time , part-time .
. , 1% , 2003 7,5% 38,5% - . - 1993, .
2.4.3.1. (ISCED 0, 1,2) 6 . / . , . 6 7 . (1 - 6 , ISCED 1) (7 9 , ISCED 2). . , , . .
153
,
190 . 19 30. 10 . 9 . 7 16 (). . 1 16 . , . . 9 . 19 30 8 9 . 25 ' 30 5 6 35. master. ( )
1%.
154
,
2.4.3.2 ( ISCED 3) . 1999-2000 , 44,7% 55,3% (Eurydice: 2002, .86). 2001-2002 57,2% 42,8% (Eurydice: 2005, . 134). 9 90%. . . - - . . . 3 2 4 . , , . - . 4 . 2 , / . .
155
,
. . , , . . . () - TEE , . . . , , . . 75 . : , , , - catering , , , . . TEE. 3 120 (credits). 40 , 1 40 . 120 .
156
,
. , , . 1 5 . TEE . 10% . . . . .
157
,
2.4.4. 2.4.4.1 : ) , ) /- ) . , , . , , . . - , : , . , , . , , . , .
158
,
, ' , . . . . . , , ( Brauckmann, and Pashiardis 2008). : ( ) . . , , . , , .
159
,
, , . . , . . , , . . . , , , . : , . , -
160
,
. , , . . . , . . -- , . . . , . , . , . . .
161
,
/ , , , . , , . '90. - . , - . , , - . - . , 1 1999, . - . 1993, - . - . , . ,
162
,
. , , - . - . - . .
2.4.4.2 - 6% 2001-2006 (Eurydice: Key data on Education in Europe 2009, . 121). 5 . , . , , . ( 91% ). : ) , )
163
,
( ), ) (, , ), ) (, , ) ) ( ). . . 25% 50% . . . , . 1993. . , 57% 43% . , . , . :
164
,
, . , , . , , . .
.
, . . , .
, , , - . M ( ) ( , , ).
165
,
2.4.4.3 , . ( ) . , (school based curricula) . , (open enrolment) ( , ). , . 2% , 71% ( ) 27% . ( , , ) 88% (: Education at a Glance, www.oecd.org/edu/eag2004).
3.
:
. , ,
166
,
. . , , . , , : - , , , , , , , , 1993 . (, ) , , , . , -. , (, ) . 4 6 ( ) . 3 4 , ,
167
,
. . 6 , 6 . 6 ( 6 ), 5 . . 11 12 18 . . . , . - , : 6-3-3, 5-4-3, 7-5-2 5-3-4. : 9 , 10 , 12 8 10 . . 17 18 .
168
,
( ) , , . ( ), . , , , ( ), . , . ( ) , , . '60, Further education. ( 1985 ), 1997/1998 ( ). , :
169
,
-
, , ,
-
, , , - , .
-
( ), , , ,
-
, (, , ..). , ,
, , . , . ( ) .
170
,
( ) . , , . , , . , , , , , . , / , , , , , . , , , , .. , , , . , , . , , , . ,
171
,
, . () , , . . . , - 5 . .
4.
,
27 . . : -
Key Data on Education in Europe, 2009 ( www.eurydice.org).
172
,
4.1. ) ) . (Eurydice, 2000, . 160): i) ( ) ii) , iii) , iv) , v) , vi) . . , , . . , ... , , , . . ,
173
,
. , . . , . . ( ). , (capital) . . ... , ( ) , . . , (dpartement) , . . , 1979 1984, , ISCED1 2 ( ) . , , . . (assistenza scolastica) , . 1997 , (school dropout),
174
,
. , .., . , ( ) , . . , .., . 1981 , . 1996, .., 1984. , - . , , (..) . , . 1988 ( , , ). 1993, , . , . -
175
,
. , , ( ) ( ) . , . , .. , ( ), .., .. .
4.2. .. . . , , , . . . , , , . ( . , , , ) . .. ( , ) .
176
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4.3. . 2 (--- ). Education at a Glance 2004 ( www.oecd.org/edu/eag2004) Key Data on Education in Europe, 2009. , 1 2, (80%) , . 76%, , , 35% -, 71% (.. ) 85%. , 100% , . 94%. , , , . , , 54% , 71% . , , , , 83%. , 83%, ,
177
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. . , , 75% , 83%, , -. , , , , . 4 2, . , (63%), . , , , ( , , ). 6 ( 2), , 87% 94%. , , 9% 91% . , (99%) (77%), , . 5 , , , , , . . ( , , ISCED 2, , , , ,
178
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, ) . ( ) . , (.. , , ). , (.. , ). . ( ) . .
4.4 - . ( ) / . - .
179
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5. , , (PISA, Education at a Glance, Key Data on Education). . , , , , , . , , (Brauckmann, and Pashiardis 2008; 2009). Cibulka (1999), : (elites). , . , , .
180
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(. 177). , , ( , ) . , : , . , , . , , . , . , , , . , (, 2000, Brauckmann, and Pashiardis 2008; 2009). . , ,
181
,
, , . , , . , . . , , , , . , , (, 2008). , , -
182
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1.4
1. . , : ) SWOT , . ) . . (.. 6/18.2.1834 Maurer, , 2-7-1833) . ) , , . , (Brauckmann, & Pashiardis, 2009; Gorton & Alston, 2008; Hanushek 1994; Hanushek 2002; Hanushek & Kimko 2000; Hanushek & Wmann 2007a; Hanushek & Wmann 2007b; Pont, Nusche and Moorman 2008; Seashore Louis, Leithwood, Wahlstrom and Anderson, 2010). , ,
183
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. , , . . (Brauckmann & Pashiardis 2009; Hanushek & Wmann 2007b; Pont, Nusche and Moorman, 2008; Seashore Louis, Leithwood, Wahlstrom and Anderson, 2010; Kythreotis, Pashiardis and Kyriakides, 2010; Leithwood & Jantzi 2006; Marzano, Waters & McNulty, 2005). . . ( ) . , . 4 . , , . : ) , ) , , )
184
,
.
2. , , ( ) . . 2 . . : 1. (- ) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. , , 13. , , , - 14. 15. 16.
185
,
( ) . , ( , ) , . . 3. 3 4 .. () . , , () . 2010 () . . : . . . . . ,
186
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2.1. - 2010-2011, . . , , . H , . , . , . , , (2003, .128) , . , , .
187
,
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188
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189
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190
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191
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195
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196
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197
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199
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(http://www.education.gouv.fr/), (http://www.moec.gov.cy/),
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200
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202
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