Zones of Exchange

As cultures expanded there were peaceful and violent interactions. There was also the exchange of people, goods and ideas (C.D.)

According to the document, how did rulers lose power?

According to the document how did rulers show they had gained power?

All citizens in ancient athens had the right to attend the assembly, where they could meet in the open to discuss and cast votes. This situation is an example of a

1) direct democracy2) Totalitarianism3) parliamentary democracy4) absolutism

A major contribution of the Roman Empire to western society was the development of

1) gunpowder2) the principles of feudalism3) monotheism4) an effective legal system

Pre TestPlease take 6-7 minutes to complete the Pre-test. We will correct them and discuss any questions you have.

Answers:1) 22) 23) 14) 35) 26) 17) 48) 39) 210) 411) 312) 413) 214) 315) 1

Gupta empire Time of peace and prosperity for India-

led to accomplishments in Math, Science and arts

Hinduism- strict caste system enforced

Organized into semi-independent villages- if they pay taxes the government left them alone

Math Medicine Architecture

ZeroDecimal systemArabic numerals

Smallpox vaccinationSet bonesPlastic surgery

Stupas- dome shaped shrines for holy people

Tang and Song DynastiesTang Empire included Vietnam, Korea and Tibet= Tributary States-

pay tribute to powerful China

The Song dynasty came to power in 960 and prospered

Society based on Confucianism- stressed social order based on duty, rank and proper behavior. Government officials had to pass rigorous exams (PYRAMID NEXT PAGE)

Economic Canals Literature

Land was redistributed to peasants

Encouraged trade and transportation. The Grand Canal moved food

Calligraphy CalligraphyPagodaPorcelain

Tang and Song Dynasties

Fixed social structure added stability.

**The Tang and Song Dynasties spread ideas to Japan. Over time Japan would blend Chinese ideas with their own for a unique culture

ByzantineEastern part of Rome founded by Constantinople (later named a trading city after him)

Peaked under Justinian- autocratic ruler

The city of Constantinople was on the trade routes connecting Europe and Asia

Fell to the Ottomans

Law Architecture Orthodox

Justinian’s Code Hagia Sophia- blend of Greek, Roman, Persian and Middle East styles

Preserved Greco-Roman culture

Did not believe Roman pope had power over them

Priests can marry

Greek not Latin

Schism in 1054

Islamic CivilizationIslam arose on Arabian peninsula and spread under the Caliphate (elected successors to Muhammad)

Muslims armies spread Islam through North Africa, Spain, Middle East and India

Islamic CivilizationSharia- Islamic law based on Qur’an

Sunni- Caliph elected by Muslim leaders

Shiite- Caliph not authority, Muhammad's descendents are

Society- social mobility, conquered people treated well, slavery, women restricted

Empires: Abbassid in Baghdad- led to Golden Age

Art Medicine Math/science

Byzantine domesNonreligious art

Doctors must pass testsSet up hospitals

Measured Earth’s orbit and circumferenceAlgebra

Medieval Europe (500-1450)Resources: fertile soil, forests, seas and rivers

The Franks- led by Clovis they forced the Muslims out of France

Charlemagne- empire across France, Germany and parts of Italy. Helped the Church who then named him Holy Roman Emperor. Gave away tracts of land to loyal friends- founding of feudalism

Treaty of Verdun- after Charlemagne death, his empire crumbled between heirs. The treaty divided the empire into 3 sections.

Medieval SocietyFeudalism- decentralized gov’t where lords own land, and exchange land (fiefs) for military service and protection (king- lords-vassals- knights- serfs)

Knights- practice chivalry (brave, loyal and truthful)

Manoralism- economic system around a lords estate

The Church- stabilizing force of Europe- all sin but salvation through faith, good deeds,

sacraments

Monasteries- centers of learning, reform and charity

Gothic Church- pointed arches, flying buttresses and stained glass windows

CrusadesThe byzantine Empire was overrun by the Turks- they asked for help from the Pope who got help from Europe’s Christians

There were 4 Crusades altogether, and the Christians only victory was in the 1st

Causes-free the holy land-get rich and gain new land -see new place-sins forgiven

Effects-trade increased-Feudalism strengthened-Religious animosity (hate

each other)-cultural diffusion