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Rome, 2014
Zimbabwe
GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2015
COUNTRY REPORT
FAO, at the request of its member countries, regularly monitors the world´s forests and theirmanagement and uses through the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA). This country reportis prepared as a contribution to the FAO publication, the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015(FRA 2015).The content and the structure are in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines given byFAO in the document Guide for country reporting for FRA 2015 (http://www.fao.org/3/a-au190e.pdf).These reports were submitted to FAO as official government documents.
The content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting thereport to FAO. FAO may not be held responsible for the use which may be made of the informationcontained in this report.
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TABLE OF CONTENTSReport preparation and contact persons...............................................................................................................................41. What is the area of forest and other wooded land and how has it changed over time? ................................................. 52. What is the area of natural and planted forest and how has it changed over time? ..................................................... 213. What are the stocks and growth rates of the forests and how have they changed? .....................................................264. What is the status of forest production and how has it changed over time? .................................................................435. How much forest area is managed for protection of soil and water and ecosystem services? ..................................... 506. How much forest area is protected and designated for the conservation of biodiversity and how has it changed overtime? ................................................................................................................................................................................... 557. What is the area of forest affected by woody invasive species? .................................................................................. 588. How much forest area is damaged each year? ............................................................................................................ 619. What is the forest area with reduced canopy cover? ....................................................................................................6510. What forest policy and regulatory framework exists to support implementation of sustainable forest managementSFM? .................................................................................................................................................................................. 6611. Is there a national platform that promotes stakeholder participation in forest policy development? ............................ 6812. What is the forest area intended to be in permanent forest land use and how has it changed over time? .................. 6913. How does your country measure and report progress towards SFM at the national level? ........................................ 7214. What is the area of forest under a forest management plan and how is this monitored? ........................................... 7415. How are stakeholders involved in the management decision making for publicly owned forests? .............................. 7616. What is the area of forest under an independently verified forest certification scheme? .............................................7717. How much money do governments collect from and spend on forests? .....................................................................7918. Who owns and manages the forests and how has this changed? ..............................................................................8119. How many people are directly employed in forestry? ................................................................................................. 9220. What is the contribution of forestry to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)? .................................................................... 9821. What is forest area likely to be in the future ...............................................................................................................99
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Report preparation and contact personsContact personsThe present report was prepared by the following person(s)
Name (FAMILYNAME, first name)
Institution/address Email Tables
Muchichwa Joseph Forestry Commission [email protected] N/A
Mvududu Antony S Border Timbers [email protected] N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A
Introductory TextPlace an introductory text on the content of this report
(Optional)
Desk Study?
Check "yes" if this survey is a Desk Study, "no" otherwise
Desk Study? no
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1. What is the area of forest and other wooded land and how has it changed over time?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
1.1 Categories and definitions
Category Definition
Forest Land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of more than10 percent or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ. It does not include land that is predominantlyunder agricultural or urban land use.
Other wooded land Land not classified as "Forest" spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters anda canopy cover of 5-10 percent or trees able to reach these thresholds ; or with a combined coverof shrubs bushes and trees above 10 percent. It does not include land that is predominantly underagricultural or urban land use.
Other land All land that is not classified as "Forest" or "Other wooded land".
...of which with tree cover(sub-category)
Land considered as "Other land", that is predominantly agricultural or urban lands use and has patchesof tree cover that span more than 0.5 hectares with a canopy cover of more than 10 percent of trees ableto reach a height of 5 meters at maturity. It includes bothe forest and non-forest tree species.
Inland water bodies Inland water bodies generally include major rivers, lakes and water reservoirs.
Forest expansion Expansion of forest on land that, until then, was not defined as forest.
...of which afforestation(sub-category)
Establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land that, until then, was notdefined as forest.
...of which naturalexpansion of forest (sub-category)
Expansion of forests through natural succession on land that, until then, was under another land use(e.g. forest succession on land previously used for agriculture).
Deforestation The conversion of forest to other land use or the longterm reduction of the tree canopy cover below theminimum 10 percent threshold.
...of which humaninduced (sub-category)
Human induced conversion of forest to other land use or the permanent reduction of the tree canopycover below the minimum 10 percent threshold.
Reforestation Natural regeneration or re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on landalready in forest land use.
...of which artificialreforestation (sub-category)
Re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land already in forest land use.
1.2 National data
1.2.1 Data sources
References to sourcesof information
Variables Years Additional comments
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1 Millington, A., and Towsend,J. (eds.) 1989. Biomassassessment. Woody biomassin the SADC region.Earthscan Publication Ltd.London. UK
Definition and Land usecover
1985 N/A
2 Kwesha, D. & Dreiser, D.1997, Vegetation mapping inZimbabwe – VEGRIS
Land use types 1992 N/A
3 Timber Producers Federation.Zimbabwe Timber IndustryStatistics Annual Reports2000 - 2007
Area of Commercial TimberPlantation
1990, 2005 N/A
4 VeGRIS 2008 Land use types 2008 Update of the 1992 data,unpublished
1.2.2 Classification and definitions
National class Definition
Dense Savannah Woodlands This type of woodlands is found in moist, undisturbed conditionson well-drained soils, generally above 1 350 masl, but at slightlylower altitudes in the south. The canopy, which is dominatedby Brachystegia spiciformis and Julbernardia, varies between6 and 13m in height. Tree canopy cover is high, generally over80% but the shrub and grass cover is poorly developed and open,usually below 50%. The woodlands exhibit fewer disturbancesthan the surroundings woodland and there are few, if any, ofthe grass and savannah areas that are found in the other types ofsavannah woodland in Zimbabwe.
Open Savannah and Baikiaea Woodland Montane vegetation is also included in this class and is mainlyfound in mountainous areas along the Mozambique border,in Manicaland Province. The canopy is 6-13 m tall and isdominated by Brachystegia spiciformis and Julbernardiaglobiflora. The tree canopy varies between 50-80%, shrub coveris open and is usually below 50% and grass cover ranges from50-80%.
Seasonal Savannah Woodlands This form of Savanna Woodland is intermediate between theopen and dry phases. It occurs mainly at the edges of OpenSavannah or Montane Woodland and is representative ofslightly drier conditions. This is similar to the Open SavannahWoodlands and significantly higher than the Dry SavannaWoodlands. Structurally, the woodland is intermediate betweenthe other types of Savannah Woodland. In less degraded andin moister areas the canopy trees reach 8-10m, but due to theseasonality, are more open than Open Savanna Woodlands.The canopy cover varies between about 50 and 80%, and theshrub and grass cover is relatively well developed. Shrubs andsmaller trees such as Diospyros kirkii, Faurea saligna, Proteagaguedi, Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia and Psosrospermumfebrifugum dominate the under-storey.
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Dry Savannah Woodlands Dry savannah occurs mainly at altitudes of between 1000 and1300 masl, on the Highveld. Scattered amongst the canopyare smaller trees mainly Diospysos kirkii, Faurea saligna,Protea gaguedi, pseudodolachnostylis maprouneifolia andpsorospermum febrifugum. The underlying shrub and grasslayers are poorly developed. Below 1000m, the Brachystegiawoodland gives way to a lower canopy woodland (7-13m) whichis dominated by Julbernardia globiflora. Although the canopyof Dry Savanna Woodland often reaches between 10-13m, itcan be restricted to as little as 3m as it becomes drier and moredisturbed. If this happens, it takes the form of an open shrubbysavannah. In such situations, the canopy is much disrupted, manyshrubs invade and a grass layer develops of 0.6 to 1.2m in height.In these cases, the main dominant tree is B. boehmii but othersmall trees and shrubs invade such as B. speciformis, C. Mopane,J. globiflora, Kirkia acuminate and Sclerocarya caffra.
Mopane Woodland and Escarpment Thicket Mopane woodlands and Escarpment Thickets are phenologicallydistinct. The main difference lies in the way in which vegetationdie-back commences and the rate at which it proceeds. InMopane Woodlands die-back starts much earlier and is moresteady than in dry Savannah woodlands whereas in EscarpmentThickets, it begins later than in the other thicket vegetation types.The canopy of Mopane Woodland is more open than that of theother Highveld woodlands. In fact, it is open enough to allowlarge-scale shrub invasion. In the north the canopy can attainheights of between 20-25m, more commonly however, it variesbetween 10 and 15m.Escarpment thickets occurs along the entirelength of the Zambezi Escarpment in northern Zimbabwe. Itsvegetation rarely reaches more than 10m and forms a densemixtures of tree and shrub species
Dry Bushy Savanna Dry Bushy Savannah is a very important biomass class inSouthern Zimbabwe. Variation in the vegetation communitiesreflects both changes in soil texture and fertility, as well asdisturbances. The latter can be quiet extensive, as many ofthese soils are quite fertile and therefore suitable for grazingor cultivation. The ecological communities range from opengrassland with scattered shrubs and emergent trees, to almostcontinuous low scrubland. The open, grassy savannah has a lowwoody biomass component. This is mainly restricted to scatteredemergent trees such as Acacia spp., Dichrostachys cinera andschlerocarya caffra, all of which reach heights of about 10m.There are also scattered shrubs which vary in height from 1-3m and dominated by Grewia flava, Ormocarpum trichocarpumand Zizyphus mucronata. There is a very open savannah of smalltrees and bushes on the escarpment overlooking the river valleys.The structure varies from dense woody stands reaching 4-8m inheight, through a variety of shrubs types, to the most arid formwhere trees rarely exceeds 3m, and the vegetation is very openwith dominant grass and fern layers. On the sandy part of theHighveld, Terminalia sandveld is found. The canopy in theseareas is very open, but the trees are taller than those found inthe lowland valleys and on the escarpment. The tree canopy isabout 8-10 m high and is underlain by a well-developed grasslayer with few shrubs. These areas are grazed extensively and insome places show evidence of over grazing which is affectingvegetation structure.
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Degraded Bushy Savannah Within the Shashe, Tuli and Umzingwane Valleys, and to alesser extent the Limpopo Valley, there are areas where theDry Bushy Savannah has degraded and it now forms a verylow unproductive scrub and grassland community. Some ofthese areas are related to settlement (e.g. Antelopes and LegionMines, Kezi, M’phoengs and Tuli); others may either relate towood exploitation or land clearance, or be due to natural soiland drainage factors. These areas vary in size from about 60to 400km2 and total 2, 380 km2. The vegetation is floristicallysimilar to the Dry Bushy savannah, the main differences lying inits lower annual levels of productivity. The Vegetation mainlyconsists of very low shrubby C.mopane. This is usually 2mtall, although it may reach a height of 5m. It occurs as scatteredindividuals among a very low shrub ground cover with fewgrasses.
Wooded Grassland These are related to intensive land clearance for agriculturalactivity, fuelwood and timber exploitation. The largest area isfound in Manicaland and Mashonaland East Provinces, betweenthe Inyaga Mountains to the south and Shamva to the north. Thispart of north–east Zimbabwe has been noted as an area at riskfrom high soil erosion. The vegetation is generally low, shrubbythickets and bushland occurring as isolated shrubs, bushes orthickets in grassland and area of cultivation.
Intensive Commercial Agricultural land It has a distinct phenology, which is related to crop production,patterns rather than natural vegetation growth.
1.2.3 Original data
1.2.2
Forest area
The classification system for 1985 data (Millington and Towsend (1989)) is different from the classificationsystem used for the visual interpretation and mapping of land cover from Landsat 5 satellite imagery for the1992 data by Kwesha, D. & Dreiser, D. 1997. Different data sets will therefore be presented, analysed andreclassified for each classification system.
Classification and definitions for the 1985 data obtained from Millington and Towsend (source 1).
Zimbabwe is divided into nine biomass classes. This division is based on the interpretation of NOAA-7AVHRRGAC data and reference to previous botanical and forestry studies (Government of Zimbabwe, 1985).
________________________________________________________________________________
Forest area
(a). Data Category according to 1985 national definition and classification obtained from source 1.
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km 2
National Classes 1985
Dense Savannah Woodland 18 907
Open Savannah and Baikiaea Woodland 117 790
Seasonal Savannah Woodland 3 144
Dry Savannah Woodland 47 717
Mopane Woodland and Escarpment Thicket 68 565
Dry Bushy Savannah 91 656
Degraded Bushy Savannah 2 380
Wooded Grassland 6 653
Intensive Commercial Agriculture 33 918
Total land area 390 730
Source: Millington and Towsend =Source 1
(b). Data Category according to 1992 national definition and classification obtained from source 2.
National Classes Area in hectares 1992 Area (ha) 2008
Natural moist forest 12 166.105 11 508
Plantation 156 855.9 168 581
Woodland 20 804 480.7 16 544 210
Bushland 4 974 635.02 4 228 547
Wooded grassland 1 204 879.28 888 463
Grassland 688 688.66 479 883
Cultivation 10 742 674.1 16 113 866
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Rock outcrop 78 645.2 97 720
Settlement 140 779.26 180 904
Total land area 38 803 804 38 713 683
Original data for 1992 (data source 2)
Forest expansion, reforestation
- Total Commercial Plantation Plantings for period 1988 to 1992 (5 years)
= 15 494.5 ha, which means 3 099 ha/y;
- Total Commercial Plantation Plantings for period 1998 to 2002 (only data from 2000 to 2002, 3 years)
= 16 926 ha, which means 5 642 ha/y;
- Total Commercial Plantation Plantings for period 2003 to 2007 (5 years)
= 30 629 ha, which means 6 126 ha/y.
1.3 Analysis and processing of national data
1.3.1 Adjustment
Forest area
(a). Calibrating 1985 data
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Calibration of 1985 data Area in ha
National land area in 1985 39 073 000
Calibrating factor
FAO land area 38 685 000 0.99007
Results after calibrating 1985 data from source 1
Area in 1000 hectaresNational classes
1985 Calibrated 1985
Dense Savannah Woodland 1 891 1 872
Open Savannah and BaikiaeaWoodland
11 779 11 662
Seasonal Savannah Woodland 314 311
Dry Savannah Woodland 4 772 4 724
Mopane Woodland andEscarpment Thicket
6 857 6 788
Dry Bushy Savannah 9 166 9 075
Degraded Bushy Savannah 238 236
Wooded Grassland 665 659
Intensive CommercialAgriculture
3 392 3 358
Total land area 39 073 38 685
(b). Calibrating 1992 data& 2008 data
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Calibration of1992 data
Area in ha Area (ha) 2008
National land areain 1992
38 803 804
Calibratingfactor
38 713 683
Calibratingfactor
FAO land area 38 685 000 0.99694 38 685 000 0.99926
Results after calibrating 1992&2008data from source 2
1992 1992 2008 2008
National Classes Area in hectares Calibrated area inhectares
Area in hectares Calibrated area inhectares
Natural moistforest
12 166.105 12 129 11 508 11 500
Plantation 156 855.9 156 376 168 581 168 456
Woodland 20 804 480.7 20 740 785 16 544 210 16 531 952
Bushland 4 974 635.02 4 959 404 4 228 547 4 225 414
Woodedgrassland
1 204 879.28 1 201 190 888 463 887 805
Grassland 688 688.66 686 580 479 883 479 528
Cultivation 10 742 674.1 10 709 784 16 113 866 16 101 927
Rock outcrop 78 645.2 78 404 97 720 97 648
Settlement 140 779.26 140 348 180 904 180 770
Total land area 38 803 804 38 685 000 38 713 683 38 685 000
1.3.2 Estimation and forecasting
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1.3.3 Reclassification
Forest area
(a). Reclassification of national data from source 1 (1985)
It was very difficult to reclassify the 1985 data since the forest cover was not specified for all classes. Shumba(2001) classification of the forests and OWL in the paper written for the international Forestry workshop onintegration of Biodiversity in national Forestry Planning Programme” titled, Biodiversity Planning SupportProgramme , Integrating Biodiversity into the Forestry Sector , was used as guideline to reclassify bushySavannah, dense savannah woodland, open savannah and Baikiaea. Expert opinion was also used to reclassifyother classes.
National Classes Forest OWL OL
Dense SavannahWoodland
100%
Open Savannah andBaikiaea Woodland
100%
Seasonal SavannahWoodland
100%
Dry SavannahWoodland (1)
67% 33%
Mopane Woodland andEscarpment Thicket (2)
100%
Dry Bushy Savannah(3)
100%
Degraded BushySavannah (4)
100%
Wooded Grassland (5) 100%
Intensive CommercialAgriculture
100%
Notes:
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(1). Canopy often reaches between 10 and 13m, however, it can be restricted to as little as 3m as itbecomes dryer and more disturbed. If this happens, it takes on the form of an open, shrubby savannah. Thereclassification of this class was allocated 67% forests and 33% owl.
2) Mopane Woodlands have a canopy that can attain heights between 20 and 25m, more commonly it variesbetween 10 and 15m. Escarpment Thickets has a vegetation structure that rarely reaches more than 10m andforms a dense mixture of tree and shrub species. They were considered 100% forests because the thickets areconsidered dense and more than 5 m.
3. It is restricted to scattered emergent trees such as Acacia sp., there is very open savannah of small trees andbushes on the escarpment overlooking valleys and on the sandy parts of the Highveld, Terminalia sandveld isfound. The canopy in these areas is very open. 100% OWL because of scattered trees and the presence ofTermininalia spp.
4. The vegetation is floristically similar to the Dry Bushy Savannah, the main difference lying in its lowerannual levels of productivity caused by wood exploitation or land clearance or due to natural soil and drainagefactors. C. Mopane occurs as scattered individuals among very low shrub ground cover with few grasses.
5. Isolated shrubs bushes or thickets in grassland and area of cultivation.
Reclassification of 1985 data
Area in hectaresNational Classes
Forests OWL OL
Dense SavannahWoodland
1 871 925
Open Savanna andBaikiaea Woodland
11 662 033
Seasonal SavannahWoodland
311 278
Dry SavannahWoodland
3 165 292 1 559 024
Mopane Woodland andEscarpment Thicket
6 788 414
Dry Bushy Savannah 9 074 584
Degraded BushySavannah
235 637
Wooded Grassland 658 693
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Intensive CommercialAgriculture
3 358 119
Total 23 798 942 10 633 609 4 252 449
Results after reclassification 1985 data
Area in hectaresFRA Categories
1985
Forests 23 798 942
OWL 10 633 609
OL 4 252 449
Total land area 38 685 000
(b). Classification and definitions for 1992 data obtained from Source2
(b) Definitions of land cover classification following Kwesha, D. & Dreiser, D. 1997, Vegetation mappingin Zimbabwe – VEGRIS
National class Definition
Forestplantation About 0.40 of Zimbabwe’s land area, i.e. 156 000hectares. Plantations are mainly of exotic speciesincluding pines (69%), eucalyptus (16%) andwattle 15%). Plantations are systematically plantedand they include stands of young and mature treesestablished for commercial timber production,research trials, firebreaks and woodlots.
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Natural moist forest The class consists of moist evergreen anddeciduous species with a canopy cover above 80% and a tree height of more than 15 m. The forestmakes up 0.03 % (11 731 hectares) of the totalland area. The forest has a multi-canopy strata ofupper canopy, sub-canopy and under storey ofshrubs.
Woodland About 53 % (20 725 836 ha) of the total land area.This is a broad class that can be defined as open todense with a canopy cover 20 -80% and tree heightbetween 5 and 15 meters. Mainly of indigenoustree species growing naturally. Associated with themiombo savannah.
Bushland About 13 % (4 986 932 ha) of the total land areawith a canopy cover 20 -80% and tree heightbetween 1 to 5 meters. Bushland differs fromwoodland in terms of height. Includes thicket andscrub. The class is of indigenous trees speciesgrowing under natural or semi-natural conditions.The class often has multi-stemmed plants.
Wooded grassland About 3 % (1 204 445 ha) of the total land areawith a canopy cover between 2 – 20 % and treeheight between 1 – 15 meters. The trees may bescattered or found in clumps.
Grassland The class covers 1.76 % (688 254) of the totalland area. Trees in this class are very scattered orvirtually absent . Class includes wetlands that areseasonally or annually waterlogged. Tree covercanopy < 2%
Cultivated land This refers to land where the major land use isagriculture. The class covers 27. 47 % (10 742 239ha) of the total land area. Included in this classare tea, coffee, banana and sugar plantations andorchards. There may be scattered trees in fields,field boundaries, around gardens and homesteads.
Rock outcrop The class covers 0.2 % (78 211 ha) of the total landarea and is devoid of trees.
Settlements Areas of human habitation, most urban areas
Water body The class includes large rivers, permanent pans,natural or man made lakes and dams and covers0.77 % (301 111 ha).
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Reclassification of 1992 data into FRA classes
National Classes Forest OWL OL
Natural moist forest 100%
Plantation 100%
Woodland 100%
Bushland 100%
Wooded grassland 50% 40% 10%
Grassland 100%
Cultivation 100%
Rock outcrop 100%
Water body
Settlement 100%
Notes:
1 Wooded grassland (cover classes 2-20%) and height 1-15 m) was allocated to more than one class because thecanopy cover and tree height cover all three classes. Note that this definition differs from the one in source 1.
Results after reclassifying 1992 data
Area in hectaresNational Classes
Forest OWL OL
Natural moist forest 12 129
Plantation 156 376
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Woodland 20 740 785
Bushland 4 959 404
Wooded grassland 600 595 480 476 120 119
Grassland 686 580
Cultivation 10 709 784
Rock outcrop 78 404
Settlement 140 348
Total area 21 509 885 5 439 880 11 735 235
1.4 DataTable 1a
Area (000 hectares)Categories
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Forest 22164 18894 17259 15624 14062
Other wooded land 0 0 0 0 0
Other land 16521 19791 21426 23061 24623
... of which with tree cover 0 0 0 0 0
Inland water bodies 391 391 391 391 391
TOTAL 39076.00 39076.00 39076.00 39076.00 39076.00
Table 1bAnnual forest establishment /loss (000 hectares per year)
...of which of introducedspecies (000 hectares per year)
Categories
1990 2000 2005 2010 1990 2000 2005 2010
Forest expansion 3 6 6 6 3 6 6 6
... of which afforestation N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
... of which natural
expansion of forest
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
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Deforestation N/A N/A N/A 309 0 0 0 0
... of which human induced N/A N/A N/A 309 0 0 0 0
Reforestation 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
... of which artificial 3 6 6 6 3 6 6 6
Tiers
Category Tier for status Tier for reported trend
Forest Tier 2 Tier 1
Other wooded land Tier 2 Tier 1
Forest expansion Tier 1 Tier 1
Deforestation Tier 2 Tier 1
Reforestation Tier 1 Tier 1
Tier criteria
Category Tier for status Tier for reported trend
• Forest• Other wooded land• Afforestation• Reforestation• Natural expansion of forest• Deforestation
Tier 3 : Data sources: Either recent(less than 10 years ago) National ForestInventory or remote sensing, with groundtruthing, or programme for repeatedcompatible NFIs Tier 2 : Data sources:Full cover mapping / remote sensing orold NFI (more than 10 years ago) Tier 1 :Other
Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeatedcompatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :Estimate based on repeated compatible tier2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier forstatus) Tier 1 : Other
1.5 Comments
CategoryComments related todata definitions etc
Comments on the reported trends
Forest The difference in the areas recorded inFRA 2005 and FRA 2010 is due to the factthat the actual Total land area documentedin the report by Kwesha, D. And Dreiser,D. (1997) is 38 803 804ha and not 38841 875ha as shown in the 2005 report.Inthe FRA 2000 report, 67% of the areaunder woodlands from source 2 (1992data) was allocated to forests and one-third to other wooded land. FRA 2010,however, allocated the total area to forestsin accordance with the definition of thisclass (canopy cover 20-80%, tree height5-15m).
The forest cover change between 1990and 2000 is about 327 008 ha per yearor 1.5 % loss per year with that for theperiod between 2000 and 2005 being 163504ha or 1.7% (i.e. an increase of 0.2 % /year).The Forest area between 2000 and2010, though, may need to be adjusted dueto deforestation on large-scale commercialfarms and some designated state landsdue to the land reform programme. Byend of 2003, an estimated 11 million ha ofthe commercial farms had been resettled.Cover change on these farms has notbeen estimated but it can be assumed thatbetween 2000 and 2003 the deforestationrate may have increased by an 0.1% to1.6% per annum.
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Other wooded land Based on the two source data (1985and 1992), it is not possible to do trendanalysis for OWL. Consequently, theassumption is made that the OWL areaautomatically falls within Other Landcategory for the reporting years of 1990,2000, 2005 and 2010.It could be noted thatOWL area in 1990 might well exceed 5million ha.
N/A
Other land N/A N/A
Other land with tree cover No data was available to report on thisfield as the available source data could notbe broken down enough to come up withgood estimates.
N/A
Inland water bodies N/A There are also chances that the area ofinland water bodies increased within thesame period due to increased investmentin dam construction.
Forest expansion N/A N/A
Deforestation This is calculated from the 1992 and 2008data (from woodland and bushland figuresof indigenous forests)
N/A
Reforestation N/A N/A
Other general comments to the table
N/A
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2. What is the area of natural and planted forest and how has it changed over time?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
2.1 Categories and definitions
Term Definition
Naturally regeneratedforest
Forest predominantly composed of trees established through natural regeneration.
Naturalized introducedspecies
Other naturally regenerated forest where the tree species are predominantly non-native and do not needhuman help to reproduce/maintain populations over time.
Introduced species A species, subspecies or lower taxon occurring outside its natural range (past or present) and dispersalpotential (i.e. outside the range it occupies naturally or could occupy without direct or indirectintroduction or care by humans).
Category Definition
Primary forest Naturally regenerated forest of native species where there are no clearly visible indications of humanactivities and the ecological processes are not significantly disturbed.
Other naturallyregenerated forest
Naturally regenerated forest where there are clearly visible indications of human activities.
...of which of introducedspecies (sub-category)
Other naturally regenerated forest where the trees are predominantly of introduced species.
...of which naturalized(sub-sub category)
Other naturally regenerated forest where the trees are predominantly of naturalized introduced species.
Planted forest Forest predominantly composed of trees established through planting and/or deliberate seeding.
...of which of introducedspecies (sub-category)
Planted forest where the planted/seeded trees are predominantly of introduced species.
Mangroves Area of forest and other wooded land with mangrove vegetation.
...of which planted (sub-category)
Mangroves predominantly composed of trees established through planting.
2.2 National data
2.2.1 Data sources
References to sourcesof information
Variables Years Additional comments
1 Timber Producers Federation.Zimbabwe Timber IndustryStatistics Annual Reports2000 - 2007
Area of Commercial TimberPlantation
1990, 2005.2012 N/A
2 Forest Act Gazetted forest area N/A N/A
3 N/A N/A N/A N/A
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4 N/A N/A N/A N/A
2.2.2 Classification and definitions
National class Definition
Primary forest Naturally regenerated forest of native species, where there are noclearly visible indications of human activities and the ecologicalprocesses are not significantly disturbed. In Zimbabwe, these arebasically the gazetted Forest areas where none/ very little humanactivities are ensured by the force of law.
Other naturally regenerated forest Naturally regenerated forest where there are clearly visibleindications of human activities. This includes all other naturallyregenerated forest areas (less gazetted forests), in which there isno documented record of the control of human activity.
Planted forest Forest predominantly composed of trees established throughplanting and/or deliberate seeding. In Zimbabwe, this iscomposed of the Commercial timber plantations seeing as thereis no documented extensive efforts to artificially regenerateindigenous forest species.
N/A N/A
2.2.3 Original data
) Commercial Forest Plantations (Data Sourced From Zimbabwe Timber Producers’ Federation)
Year Area
1990 154 437 ha
2000 120 182 ha
2005 108 214 ha
2012 81 583 ha
For 2010, it is considered that the forest plantation remains at the level of 2005 with 108 214 ha
b) From Forest Act
Gazetted Forests area (From Source 3) : 800 258ha.
Chirinda Forest (From Source 4) : 606ha.
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Zimbabwe
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They are constituted the primary forest (800 864 ha), which remains stable from 1990 to 2010.
2.3 Analysis and processing of national data
2.3.1 Adjustment
2.3.2 Estimation and forecasting
2.3.3 Reclassification
2.4 DataTable 2a
Forest area (000 hectares)Categories
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Primary forest 801 801 801 801 801
Other naturally regeneratedforest
21209 17973 16350 14736 13174
... of which of introducedspecies
0 0 0 0 0
... of which naturalized 0 0 0 0 0
Planted forest 154 120 108 87 87
... of which of introducedspecies
154 120 108 87 87
TOTAL 22164.00 18894.00 17259.00 15624.00 14062.00
Table 2b
Primary forest converted to (000 ha)
1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2015
Othernatural
regenerationPlanted Other land
Othernatural
regenerationPlanted Other land
Othernatural
regenerationPlanted Other land
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Zimbabwe
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0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 2c
Area (000 hectares)Categories
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Mangroves (forest and OWL) 0 0 0 0 0
... of which planted 0 0 0 0 0
Tiers
Category Tier for status Tier for reported trend
Primary forest Tier 1 Tier 1
Other naturally regenerated forest Tier 1 Tier 1
Planted forest Tier 1 Tier 1
Mangroves Tier 3 Tier 3
Tier Criteria
Category Tier for status Tier for reported trend
Primary forest/Other naturally regeneratedforest/Planted forest
Tier 3 : Data sources: Recent (less than10 years) National Forest Inventory orremote sensing with ground truthing ordata provided by official agencies orprogramme for repeated compatible NFIsTier 2 : Data sources: Full cover mapping/remote sensing or old NFI (more than 10years) Tier 1 : Other
Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeatedcompatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :Estimate based on repeated compatible tier2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier forstatus) Tier 1 : Other
2.5 Comments
CategoryComments related todata definitions etc
Comments on reported trend
Primary forest In Zimbabwe, these are basically thegazetted Forest areas where none/ verylittle human activities are ensured by theforce of law as these areas are protectedunder the Forest Act.
The area reported remains the samethroughout the time series becausethere has not been any field survey toascertain the level of human activitiesin Zimbabwean Forests, thus thecorrespondent used the area that isguaranteed to have been minimallyaffected by human activities due to itsstatus brought about by the Forest Act.
Other naturally regenerating forest N/A N/A
Planted forest All planted forests were established withintroduced species.
N/A
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Mangroves In Zimbabwe there are no mangroves. N/A
Other general comments to the table
During the land redistribution programme some areas were converted into agricultural land.
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Zimbabwe
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3. What are the stocks and growth rates of the forests and how have they changed?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
3.1 Categories and definitions
Category Definition
Growing stock Volume over bark of all living trees with a minimum diameter of 10 cm at breast height (or abovebuttress if these are higher). Includes the stem from ground level up to a top diameter of 0 cm,excluding branches.
Net Annual Increment(NAI)
Average annual volume of gross increment over the given reference period less that of natural losses onall trees, measured to minimum diameters as defined for "Growing stock".
Above-ground biomass All living biomass above the soil including stem stump branches bark seeds and foliage.
Below-ground biomass All biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than 2 mm diameter are excluded because these often cannotbe distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter.
Dead wood All non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter either standing lying on the ground or in thesoil. Dead wood includes wood lying on the surface dead roots and stumps larger than or equal to 10 cmin diameter or any other diameter used by the country.
Carbon in above-groundbiomass
Carbon in all living biomass above the soil including stem stump branches bark seeds and foliage.
Carbon in below-groundbiomass
Carbon in all biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than 2 mm diameter are excluded because theseoften cannot be distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter.
Carbon in dead wood Carbon in all non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter, either standing, lying on the ground,or in the soil. Dead wood includes wood lying on the surface, dead roots and stumps larger than or equalto 10 cm in diameter or any other diameter used by the country.
Carbon in litter Carbon in all non-living biomass with a diameter less than the minimum diameter for dead wood (e.g.10 cm ) lying dead in various states of decomposition above the mineral or organic soil.
Soil carbon Organic carbon in mineral and organic soils (including peat) to a soil depth of 30 cm.
3.2 National data
3.2.1 Data sources
References to sourcesof information
Variables Years Additional comments
1 http://www.savannas.net/savt3.htm
Above ground biomasston/ha for woodlands andSavannah, Root-shoot ratiofor woodlandsand Savannah
1996 N/A
2 Fuller, Ngamo , Sikumi,Umgusa, Bembsi, Gwaai,Inseze, Nyamandhlovu,Lupaka, Mpindo, Pumula,Inkosikazi, Mwenezi,Lake Alice. 2000 Forestinventories. ForestCommission, Zimbabwe
Vol/ha of indigenous treespecies
2000 N/A
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Zimbabwe
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3 Millington, A., and Towsend,J. (eds.) 1989. Biomassassessment. Woody biomassin the SADC region.Earthscan Publication Ltd.London. UK
Derivation of Growing Stock 1985 N/A
4 http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges .or.jp/public/2006gl/index.htm
Biomass conversion andexpansion factor
2001 N/A
5 Timber Producers Federation.Zimbabwe Timber IndustryStatistics Annual Reports2003 – 2007. 2012
Areas of Conifers 2003, 2004, 2005,2012 N/A
3.2.2 Classification and definitions
National class Definition
Growing stock (total volume) The total volume comprises the whole tree volume excludingstumps and roots to a tip diameter of 7.5 cm
Commercial growing stock Volume of species used for industrial purposes (exotic andnatural species)
Above-ground biomass All living biomass above the soil including stem, stump,branches, bark, seeds, and foliage.
Below-ground biomass All biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than 2mm diameterare excluded because these often cannot be distinguishedempirically from soil organic matter or litter.
Dead wood All non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter, eitherstanding, lying on the ground, or in the soil. Dead wood includeswood lying on the surface, dead roots, and stumps larger than orequal to 10 cm in diameter.
3.2.3 Original data
Growing stock
The only available data on growing stock are for plantations. For the natural forests and woodlands, growingstock is calculated from biomass data from the following source: http://www.savannas.net/savt3.htm
Furthermore, there are data on commercial growing stock on the production areas of natural forests.
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Zimbabwe
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a. National data on Commercial plantations areas and growing stock per hectare.
Area in ha Nationalcategoriesofplantations
1990 1 2000 2 2005 2 2010 3
2015 3
Vol/ha
(m3/ha) 4
Pine 105 927 79 082 72 311 72 311 72 311 93
Otherhardwoods
48 510 41 100 35 903 35 903 35 903 100
TotalPlantations
154 437 120 182 108 214 108 214 108 214
Notes:
1Source Kwesha, D. & Dreiser, D. 1997 (T3)
2Source Timber Producers Federation Plantation Statistics
3Forecasted area of commercial timber plantations for 2010, due to the fact that the Government has declaredthat these areas will be kept as timber plantations and not be converted to other uses.
4From Source 2.
b. National data on Biomass in forest and Other Wooded Land
Category Biomass (t/ha) 1
Forest
Dense Savannah Woodland 71.22
Open Savannah and Baikiaea Woodland 71.22
Seasonal Savannah Woodland 19.85
Dry Savannah Woodland 9.44
Note:
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Zimbabwe
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1 Source 3 : Millington, A., and Towsend, J. (eds.) 1989. Biomass assessment. Woody biomass in the SADCregion. Earthscan Publication Ltd. London. UK
c. Growing stock composition, Year 2000 Forest Commission Inventories
Some inventories were conducted in the demarcated forests of Zimbabwe and these were used to come up withaverage growing stock per hectare per species (i.e. for species which are either of commercial value or whichdominate the forested areas). Below is a table containing the results. As demarcated forests (total of 800 864 ha)are distributed all over Zimbabwe and are mainly of the land cover type which falls within the FRA2010 ‘Forest’category, the average species-growing stock per hectare were considered to be a good enough representative.They were also the only data available on growing stock within indigenous woodlands for Zimbabwe.
Species Growing stock (m 3 /ha) 1
Brachystegia spiciformis (Msasa) 10.4
Julbernadia globiflora (Munondo) 0.71
Colophospermum mopane (Mopane) 0.26
Baikiaea plurijuga (Zambezi teak) 4.1
Terminalia sericea (Silver terminalia) 0.07
Dichrostachys cinerea (Sickle bush) 0.01
Burkea africana (Red syringa) 0.01
Combretum molle (Velvet bushwillow) 0.15
Pinus patula 92.5
Eucalyptus grandis 100.00
1 Source 2 : Year 2000 Forest inventories. Forestry Commission, Zimbabwe
Note: Assumption is that vol/ha is the same in 1990 as in 2000, 2005 and 2010 and 2015
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Zimbabwe
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Biomass stock
From Question 1 and data on growing stock
1990 2000 2005 2010
2015
Natural(Indig.)Forests Area
(ha) 1
22 009 464 18 773 639 17 150 567 15 515 527 13 963 974
with the forest biomass of 52.56 tonnes/ha.
From data on growing stock
GrowingStock
1990 2000 2005 2010
2015
Plantation GS(m3)
14 702 211 11 464 626 10 315 223 10 315 223 10 315 223
....of whichof Pine/Coniferous
9 851 211 7 354 626 6 724 923 6 724 923 6 724 923
of whichof Otherhardwoods
4 851 000 4 110 000 3 590 300 3 590 300 3 590 300
Carbon stock
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From Question 7
FRACategories
1990 2000 2005 2010
2015
Natural(Indig.)Forests Area(ha)
22 009 464 18 773 639 17 150 567 15 515 527 13 963 974
PlantationArea (ha)
154 437 120 182 108 214 108 214 108 214
of which withPine (ha)
105 927 79 082 72 311 72 311 72 311
of which withhardwoods(ha)
48 510 41 100 35 903 35 903 35 903
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3.3 Analysis and processing of national data
3.3.1 Adjustment
3.3.2 Estimation and forecasting
Growing stock
a. Calculating Growing Stock for plantations
Growing stock was obtained by multiplying vol/ha as per category of plantation, with Plantation area, all fromthe above table.
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Growing stock of plantations and production areas in m3Nationalcategories ofplantations 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Pine 9 851 211 7 354 626 6 724 923 6 724 923 6 724 923
Otherhardwoods
4 851 000 4 110 000 3 590 300 3 590 300 3 590 300
TotalGrowingStock
14 702 11 11 464 626 10 315 223 10 315 223 10 315 223
b. Calculating Growing Stock in forest
Category Biomass (tons/ha) 1 Area in ha Total Biomass (tons)
Forest
Dense SavannahWoodland
71.22 1 871 925 133 318 499
Open Savannah andBaikiaea Woodland
71.22 11 662 033 830 569 990
Seasonal SavannahWoodland
19.85 311 278 6 178 868
Dry SavannahWoodland
9.44 3 165 292 29 880 356
Mopane Woodland andEscarpment Thicket
36.97 6 788 414 250 967 666
TotalForest 23 798 942 1 250 915 379
Note : Biomass stock per hectare derived from a Database for biomass estimation documented in source 3.
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The different Biomasses for the 1985 land cover were added together, and then the averages were calculatedso as to come up with:
- Forest (tons/ha): 52.56
Growing stock has then been estimated from the aboveground biomass figures by using the following formulaand applying default conversion factors.
GS = AGB / BEF / WD
GS = Growing stock
AGB = Above-ground biomass
for the forests:
BEF = Biomass expansion factor = 2.4
WD = Wood density = 0.58
Growing Stock
for forest = 37.76 m3/ha
To come up with the Growing stock for the Indigenous Forest, the respective Growing Stock per hectare foreach category was multiplied by the corresponding area. For the Total Forest Growing stock, the correspondentadded the growing stock in Commercial plantations plus Growing Stock in the indigenous Forests.
FRACategories
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Natural(Indig.)Forests Area
(ha) 1
22 009 464 18 773 639 17 150 567 15 515 527 13 963 974
Natural(Indig.) Forest
GS (m3) 1
831 077 361 708 892 609 647 605 410 585 866 300 527 276 658
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Zimbabwe
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PlantationArea (ha)
154 437 120 182 108 214 108 214 108 214
Plantation GS(m3)
14 702 211 11 464 626 10 315 223 10 315 223 10 315 223
Forests GS(m3)
845 779 572 720 357 235 657 920 633 587 181 523 537 581 881
Growing Stock Composition (Source Forest inventories, 2000):
In Zimbabwe the only species specific data available are average growing stocks per hectare which were derivedfrom Gazetted Forest areas. The Gazetted forest areas, being distributed across the country and including mostlyarea which falls under Forest, it was decided to multiply the average growing stock per hectare of the individualindigenous species from original data (c) by the total area of indigenous forest (i.e. Total Forest area less areaof Commercial Timber Plantations). The average growing stock per hectare of the various commercial forestspecies were also multiplied by their respective areas to come up with the data in the table below.
Assumption: The correspondent assumes that all the indigenous species are found throughout the forest area,thus the use of the area of indigenous forest area as a multiplier for all indigenous species.
Growing stock (m3)Species
1990 2000 2005
Brachystegiaspiciformis (Msasa)
228 898 426 195 245 846 178 365 897
Baikiaea plurijuga(Zambezi teak)
90 238 802 76 971 920 70 317 325
Julbernadia globiflora(Munondo)
15 626 719 13 329 284 12 176 903
Pinus patula 9 798 248 7 315 085 6 688 768
Colophospermummopane (Mopane)
5 722 461 4 881 146 4 459 147
Eucalyptus grandis 4 851 000 4 110 000 3 590 300
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Combretum molle(Velvet bushwillow)
3 301 420 2 816 046 2 572 585
Terminalia sericea(Silver terminalia)
1 540 663 1 314 155 1 200 540
Dichrostachys cinerea(Sickle bush)
220 095 187 736 171 506
Burkea africana (Redsyringa)
220 095 187 736 171 506
Sub-Total 360 417 929 306 358 954 279 714 477
Remainder 485 361 643 413 998 281 378 206 156
Total growing stock 845 779 572 720 357 235 657 920 633
Biomass stock
a) Calculation of Above Ground Biomass Stock
- for plantation with the formula:
AGB = GS * BCEF
Where: AGB = Above-ground Biomass (tonnes)
GS = Growing Stock
BCEF = Biomass conversion and expansion factor (Above ground biomass / Growing Stock
Knowing that :
- for the plantations
of which coniferous : BCEF = 0.7
of which broadleaved : BCEF = 0.9
based onGuidelines for Country Reporting to FRA 2010, since Zimbabwe is located in the Tropical Region.
- for natural (indig.) forest
knowing thatthe forest biomass is 52.56 tonnes/ha.
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Zimbabwe
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AboveGroundBiomassStock
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Natural(Indig.) ForestGS (tonnes)
1156817428 986742466 901433802 815496099 775838395
Plantation GS(tonnes)
11261748 8847238 7938716 7938716 7938716
....of whichof Pine/Coniferous
6895848 5148238 4707446 4707446 4707446
of whichof Otherhardwoods
4365900 3699000 3231270 3231270 3231270
Forests GS(tonnes)
1168079176 995589704 909372518 823434815 787478827
b) Calculation of Below Ground Biomass Stock
Applying the formula: BGB = AGB*R (0.27)
BelowGroundBiomassStock
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Forests GS(tonnes)
315381378 268809220 245530580 222327400 200094660
Carbon stock
A/- Carbon stock is calculated by multiplying the biomass by 0.47. Carbon stocks of litter and soil have notbeen estimated.
B/- Carbon in the litter has been estimated, based on the standard factors of 2.1 C ha -1 for broadleaf deciduous
and 5.2 C ha -1 for conifers. (Based on the Appendix 5, table 5.9, FRA 2010 Guidelines), and
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Zimbabwe
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FRACategories
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Natural(Indig.)Forests Area(C)
46 219 874 39 424 642 36 016 191 32 582 607 29 324 346
PlantationArea (C)
652691 497536 451414 451414 451 414
of which withPine (C)
550 820 411 226 376 017 376 017 376 017
of which withhardwoods(C)
101 871 86 310 75 396 75 396 75 396
Total (C) 47 525 257 40 419 715 36 919 018 33 485 434 30 229 173
- Soil carbon has been estimated, based on the factor of 35 (this is an average of HAC, LAC and Sandy soilssince Zimbabwe generally has a mixture of soil types, based on the Appendix 5, table 5.10 (Guidelines forCountry Reporting to FRA 2010).
The biomass/ hectare values are then applied to the forest areas values in Question 1 to get the biomass forthe reporting years.
3.3.3 Reclassification
3.4 DataTable 3a
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Zimbabwe
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Growing stock volume (million m 3 over bark)
Forest Other wooded landCategory
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Totalgrowingstock
846 721 658 596 540 0 0 0 0 0
... ofwhichconiferous
9.85 7.35 6.72 6.72 6.72 0 0 0 0 0
... ofwhichbroadleaved
836.15 713.65 651.28 589.28 533 0 0 0 0 0
Table 3b
Category/Species name Growing stock in forest (million cubic meters)
Rank Scientific name Common name 1990 2000 2005 2010
1 st Brachystegiaspiciformis
Msasa 228.9 195.25 178.37 169.93
2 nd Baikiaeaplurijuga
Zambezi teak 90.24 76.97 70.32 67
3 rd Julbernadiaglobiflora
Munondo 15.63 13.33 12.18 11.58
4 th Pinus patula - 9.8 7.32 6.69 6.09
5 th Colophospermummopane
Mopane 5.72 4.88 4.46 4.26
6 th Eucalyptusgrandis
- 4.85 4.11 3.59 3.42
7 th Combretummolle
Velvetbushwillow
3.3 2.82 2.57 2.51
8 th Terminaliasericea
Silver terminalia 1.54 1.31 1.2 1.14
9 th Dichrostachyscinerea
Sickle bush 0.22 1.88 0.17 0.17
10 th Burkea africana Red syringe 0.22 1.88 0.17 0.17
Remaining 485.58 411.25 378.28 329.73
TOTAL 846.00 721.00 658.00 596.00
THE PRE-FILLED VALUES FOR GROWING STOCK REFER TO THE FOLLOWINGTHRESHOLD VALUES (SEE TABLE BELOW)
Item Value Complementary information
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Zimbabwe
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Minimum diameter (cm) at breast heightof trees included in growing stock (X)
5 N/A
Minimum diameter (cm) at the top end ofstem for calculation of growing stock (Y)
7.5 N/A
Minimum diameter (cm) of branchesincluded in growing stock (W)
n/a N/A
Volume refers to above ground (AG) orabove stump (AS)
AG ASforplantations.
PLEASE NOTE THAT THE DEFINITION OF GROWING STOCK HAS CHANGED AND SHOULDBE REPORTED AS GROWING STOCK DBH 10 CM INCLUDING THE STEM FROM GROUNDLEVEL UP TO A DIAMETER OF 0 CM, EXCLUDING BRANCHES.
Table 3c
Net annual increment (m 3 per hectare and year)
ForestCategory
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Net annualincrement
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
... of whichconiferous
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
... of whichbroadleaved
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Table 3d
Biomass (million metric tonnes oven-dry weight)
Forest Other wooded landCategory
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Abovegroundbiomass
1168 996 909 823 741 0 0 0 0 0
Belowgroundbiomass
315 269 246 222 200 0 0 0 0 0
Deadwood
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 1483.00 1265.00 1155.00 1045.00 941.00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00
Table 3e
Carbon (Million metric tonnes)
CategoryForest Other wooded land
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Zimbabwe
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1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Carbonin abovegroundbiomass
549 467.93 427.41 387.01 348.31 0 0 0 0 0
Carbonin belowgroundbiomass
148.23 126.34 115.4 104.49 94.04 0 0 0 0 0
SubtotalLivingbiomass
697.23 594.27 542.8 491.51 442.35 0 0 0 0 0
Carbonin deadwood
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 0 0 0 0
Carbonin litter
47.53 40.42 36.92 33.49 30.14 0 0 0 0 0
SubtotalDeadwoodand litter
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 0 0 0 0
Soilcarbon
776 661 604 547 492.3 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 1520.76 1295.69 1183.73 1071.99 964.79 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00
Tiers
Variable/category Tier for status Tier for trend
Total growing stock Tier 1 Tier 1
Net annual increment Tier 1 Tier 1
Above ground biomass Tier 1 Tier 1
Below ground biomass Tier 1 Tier 1
Dead wood Tier 1 Tier 1
Carbon in above-ground biomass Tier 1 Tier 1
Carbon in below ground biomass Tier 1 Tier 1
Carbon in dead wood and litter Tier 1 Tier 1
Soil carbon Tier 1 Tier 1
Tier criteria
Category Tier for status Tier for reported trend
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Zimbabwe
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Total growing stock Tier 3: Data sources Recent 10 yearsNational Forest Inventory or remotesensing with ground truthing orprogramme for repeated compatible NFI10 years Domestic volume functions Tier2: Data sources/registers and statisticsmodelling or old NFI 10 years or partialfield inventory Tier 1: Other data sources
Tier 3: Estimate based on repeatedcompatible tiers 3 (tier for status)Domestic growth functions Tier 2:Estimate based on repeated compatible tier2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 tier forstatus Tier 1: Other
Net annual increment Tier 3: Scientifically tested nationalvolume and growth functions Tier 2:Selection of volume and growth functionsas relevant as possible Tier 1: Other
Tier 3: Confirmation/adjustment offunctions used through scientific workTier 2: Review work done to seekalternative functions Tier: 1 Other
Biomass Tier 3: Country-specific national or sub-national biomass conversion expansionfactors applied or other domestic orotherwise nationally relevant biomassstudies Tier 2: Application of countryspecific national or sub-national biomassconversion factors from other countrywith similar climatic conditions and foresttypes Tier 1: International/regional defaultbiomass expansion factors applied
Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeatedcompatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :Estimate based on repeated compatible tier2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier forstatus) Tier 1 : Other
• Carbon in above ground biomass• Carbon in below ground biomass• Carbon in dead wood and litter• Soil carbon
Tier 3: Country-specific national or sub-national biomass conversion expansionfactors applied Tier 2: Applicationof country specific national or sub-national biomass conversion factorsform from other country with similarclimatic conditions and forest types Tier1: International/regional default biomassexpansion factors applied
Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeatedcompatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :Estimate based on repeated compatible tier2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier forstatus) Tier 1 : Other
3.5 Comments on growing stock biomass and carbon
CategoryComments related todata definitions etc
Comments on the reported trend
Total growing stock N/A N/A
Growing stock of broadleaved coniferous In Zimbabwe, there are no coniferousspecies which are indigenous to thecountry. Thus the report uses the growingstock for pine species which are withinthe commercial timber plantations andconstitute the largest and only known areacoverage of conifers. The growing stockof broadleaved is simply the total growingstock for area classified as ‘Forest’ lessthat of conifers.
N/A
Growing stock composition This includes all growing stock withincommercial timber plantations.
N/A
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Zimbabwe
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Net annual increment The growing stock is an estimate frominventories that have been conducted indemarcated indigenous forests plantationsand natural forests and woodlands incommunal areas resettlement areas andcommercial farms.
N/A
Above-ground biomass N/A N/A
Below-ground biomass N/A N/A
Dead wood N/A N/A
Carbon in above-ground biomass N/A N/A
Carbon in below-ground biomass N/A N/A
Carbon in dead wood N/A N/A
Carbon in litter N/A N/A
Soil carbon N/A N/A
Other general comments to the table
N/A
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4. What is the status of forest production and how has it changed over time?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
4.1 Categories and definitions
Term Definition
Primary designatedfunction
The primary function or management objective assigned to a management unit either by legalprescription documented decision of the landowner/manager or evidence provided by documentedstudies of forest management practices and customary use.
Non wood forest product(NWFP)
Goods derived from forests that are tangible and physical objects of biological origin other than wood.
Commercial value ofNWFP
For the purpose of this table, value is defined as the commercial market value at the forest gate.
Category Definition
Production forest Forest area designated primarily for production of wood, fibre, bio-energy and/or non-wood forestproducts.
Multiple use forest Forest area designated for more than one purpose and where none of these alone is considered as thepredominant designated function.
Total wood removals The total of industrial round wood removals and woodfuel removals.
...of which woodfuel The wood removed for energy production purposes, regardless whether for industrial, commercial ordomestic use.
4.2 National data
4.2.1 Data sources
References to sourcesof information
Variables Years Additional comments
1 Kwesha, D. & Dreiser,D. 1997. Gathering keyinformation about indigenousforests of Zimbabwe.
Forests area under differenttenure
1992 N/A
2 Shumba, E. M 2001:Biodiversity PlanningSupport Programme.Integrating Biodiversityinto forestry sector.Paper prepared for aninternational workshop“Integration of Biodiversityin National Forestry PlanningProgramme”CIFOR HQ,Bogor, Indonesia 13-16August 2001
Production area and forestsgoods and services
1992 N/A
3 Forest Act Gazetted forest area N/A N/A
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4 Timber Producers Federation.Zimbabwe Timber IndustryStatistics Annual Reports2000 - 2007
Area of Commercial TimberPlantation
2000, 2005. 2012 N/A
4.2.2 Classification and definitions
National class Definition
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
4.2.3 Original data
- Year 1992
Forest
Area 1Production area 2
SSCFA & Towns 3
Remaining Forests 4
ha ha % ha % ha %
Total 21 695928
2 143 063 10% 610 158 3% 18 942707
87%
Notes:
1 Data from source 1;
2 Data from source 2;
3 Small Scale Commercial Farm Area (SSCFA) and trees in towns (Source1);
4 (1) - (2+3).
- Gazetted Forests area (From Source 3) : 800 258 ha.
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- Chirinda Forest (From Source 4) : 606 ha.
(Chirinda Forest is also a gazetted forest but was somehow missed in the list of gazetted Forests of Zimbabwe)
- Total Gazetted Forests = 800 864 ha.
- Commercial Forest Plantations (Data Sourced From Zimbabwe Timber Producers’ Federation)
Year Area
1990 154 437 ha
2000 120 182 ha
2005 108 214 ha
4.3 Analysis and processing of national data
4.3.1 Adjustment
4.3.2 Estimation and forecasting
- Year 1992
Forests
FRA Categories %
Production area Production 10%
SSCFA & Towns Protection of soil and water (1) 3%
Remaining Forests Multiple purpose (2) 87%
Total 100%
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Notes: - Assumption is that trees in Small Scale Commercial Farm Areas (SSCFA) and Towns are for theprotection of soil and water; and
- Assumption that all remaining forests (minus the 800 864 ha of Gazetted Forest Areas) are designatedfor multipurpose.
Applying the above percentages, then considering that the Gazetted Forest Areas are constant and have aconservation function, the total forest area for 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010 from T1 provides the followingbreakdown:
Area in hectares
Forests
FRACategories
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Production 2216390 1889382 1725878 1562374 1406137
Protection ofsoil and water
664917 566815 517763 468712 421841
Conservationof biodiversity
800864 800864 800864 800864 800864
Multiplepurpose
18481730 15636760 14214275 12791791 11512612
Total 22163901 18893821 17258781 15623741 14141454
4.3.3 Reclassification
4.4 DataTable 4a
Forest area (000 hectares)Categories
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Production forest 2216 1889 1726 1562 1406
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Multiple useforest
18482 15637 14214 12792 11513
Table 4b
Rank Name of product Key species
Commercial valueof NWFP removals
2010 (value 1000local currency)
NWFP category
1 st N/A N/A N/A N/A
2 nd N/A N/A N/A N/A
3 rd N/A N/A N/A N/A
4 th N/A N/A N/A N/A
5 th N/A N/A N/A N/A
6 th N/A N/A N/A N/A
7 th N/A N/A N/A N/A
8 th N/A N/A N/A N/A
9 th N/A N/A N/A N/A
10 th N/A N/A N/A N/A
TOTAL .00
2010
Name of local currency N/A
Category
Plant products / raw material
1 Food
2 Fodder
3 Raw material for medicine and aromatic products
4 Raw material for colorants and dyes
5 Raw material for utensils handicrafts construction
6 Ornamental plants
7 Exudates
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8 Other plant products
Animal products / raw material
9 Living animals
10 Hides skins and trophies
11 Wild honey and beewax
12 Wild meat
13 Raw material for medicine
14 Raw material for colorants
15 Other edible animal products
16 Other non-edible animal products
Table 4c Pre-filled data from FAOSTAT
FRA 2015 category (1000 m 3 u.b.)Year
Total wood removals ...of which woodfuel
1990 6904.2 6260.2
1991 6965.2 6260.2
1992 6975.2 6260.2
1993 6995.2 6260.2
1994 8143.6 7000.2
1995 8393.1 7210.2
1996 8642.2 7426.2
1997 8910.1 7649.2
1998 8994 7879.2
1999 9252.6 8115.2
2000 9093.6 8115.2
2001 9107.6 8115.2
2002 9107.6 8115.2
2003 9107.6 8115.2
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2004 9092.6 8115.2
2005 8942.2 8115.2
2006 9151.3 8380.44
2007 9197.8 8461.4
2008 9201.5 8543.1
2009 9263.9 8625.58
2010 9227.3 8708.87
2011 9227.3 8708.87
Tiers
Category Tier for status Tier for reported trend
Production forest Tier 2 Tier 1
Multiple use forest Tier 2 Tier 1
Tier Criteria
Category Tier for status Tier for reported trend
Production forest Multiple use forest Tier 3: Updated including fieldverifications national forest mapsincluding functions Tier 2: Forest mapsolder than 6 years including forestfunctions Tier 1: Other
Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeatedcompatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :Estimate based on repeated compatible tier2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier forstatus) Tier 1 : Other
4.5 Comments
CategoryComments related todata definitions etc
Comments on the reported trend
Production forest N/A N/A
Multiple use forest N/A N/A
Total wood removals N/A N/A
Commercial value of NWFP N/A N/A
Other general comments to the table
N/A
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5. How much forest area is managed for protection of soil and water and ecosystemservices?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
5.1 Categories and definitions
Category Definition
Protection of soil andwater
Forest area designated or managed for protection of soil and water
...of which productionof clean water (sub-category)
Forest area primarily designated or managed for water production, where most human uses are excludedor heavily modified to protect water quality.
...of which coastalstabilization (sub-category)
Forest area primarily designated or managed for coastal stabilization.
...of which desertificationcontrol (sub-category)
Forest area primarily designated or managed for desertification control.
...of which avalanchecontrol (sub-category)
Forest area primarily designated or managed to prevent the development or impact of avalanches onhuman life assets or infrastructure.
...of which erosion, floodprotection or reducingflood risk (sub-category)
Forest area primarily designated or managed for protecting communities or assets from the impacts oferosion riparian floods and landslides or for providing flood plain services.
...of which other (sub-category)
Forest area primarily designated or managed for other protective functions.
Ecosystem services,cultural or spiritual values
Forest area primarily designated or managed for selected ecosystem services or cultural or spiritualvalues.
...of which publicrecreation (sub-category)
Forest area designated or managed for public recreation.
...of which carbon storageor sequestration (sub-category)
Forest area designated or managed for carbon storage or sequestration.
...of which spiritual orcultural services (sub-category)
Forest area designated or managed for spiritual or cultural services.
...of which other (sub-category)
Forest area designated or managed for other ecosystem services.
5.2 National data
5.2.1 Data sources
References to sourcesof information
Variables Years Additional comments
1 N/A N/A N/A N/A
2 N/A N/A N/A N/A
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3 N/A N/A N/A N/A
4 N/A N/A N/A N/A
5.2.2 Classification and definitions
National class Definition
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
5.2.3 Original data
5.3 Analysis and processing of national data
5.3.1 Adjustment
5.3.2 Estimation and forecasting
5.3.3 Reclassification
5.4 DataTable 5a
Forest area (1000 hectares)Categories
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Protection of soiland water
665 567 518 469 422
... of whichproduction ofclean water
0 0 0 0 0
... of whichcoastalstabilization
0 0 0 0 0
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... of whichdesertificationcontrol
0 0 0 0 0
... of whichavalanchecontrol
0 0 0 0 0
... of whicherosion, floodprotection orreducing floodrisk
0 0 0 0 0
... of which other(please specifyin commentsbelow the table)
0 0 0 0 0
Other
N/A
Table 5b
Forest area (1000 hectares)Categories
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Ecosystem services,cultural or spiritualvalues
0 0 0 0 0
...of which publicrecreation
0 0 0 0 0
...of whichcarbon storage orsequestration
0 0 0 0 0
...of which spiritualor cultural services
0 0 0 0 0
...of which other(please specify incomments belowthe table)
0 0 0 0 0
Tiers
Category Tier for reported trend Tier for status
Protection of soil and water Tier 2 Tier 2
Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritualvalues
Tier 1 Tier 1
Tier criteria
Category Tier for status Tier for reported trend
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Protection of soil and water Tier 3: High reliability data derived eitherfrom high intensity sample survey or dataobtained from national or state agenciesresponsible for regulations or legislationrelating to soil and water protection. Tier2: Approaches based on low intensityor incomplete sample-based surveys orstudies that provide data for specific areasthat is extrapolated through statisticalanalysis to national level estimates. Tier 1:Other
Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeatedcompatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :Estimate based on repeated compatible tier2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier forstatus) Tier 1 : Other
• Cultural or spiritual values• Public recreation• Spiritual or cultural services• Other
Tier 3: High reliability data derivedeither from high intensity sample surveyor data obtained from national or stateagencies responsible for regulations. Tier2: Approaches based on low intensityor incomplete sample-based surveys orstudies that provide data for specific areasthat is extrapolated through statisticalanalysis to national level estimates. Tier 1:Other
Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeatedcompatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :Estimate based on repeated compatible tier2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier forstatus) Tier 1 : Other
5.5 Comments
CategoryComments related todata definitions etc
Comments on the reported trend
Protection of soil and water N/A N/A
Production of clean water N/A N/A
Coastal stabilization N/A N/A
Desertification control N/A N/A
Avalanche control N/A N/A
Erosion, flood protection or reducing floodrisk
N/A N/A
Other protective functions N/A N/A
Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritualvalues
N/A N/A
Public recreation N/A N/A
Carbon storage or sequestration N/A N/A
Spiritual or cultural services N/A N/A
Other ecosystem services N/A N/A
Other general comments to the table
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N/A
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6. How much forest area is protected and designated for the conservation of biodiversityand how has it changed over time?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
6.1 Categories and definitions
Category Definition
Conservation ofbiodiversity
Forest area designated primarily for conservation of biological diversity. Includes but is not limited toareas designated for biodiversity conservation within the protected areas.
Forest area withinprotected areas
Forest area within formally established protected areas independently of the purpose for which theprotected areas were established.
6.2 National data
6.2.1 Data sources
References to sourcesof information
Variables Years Additional comments
1 Kwesha, D. & Dreiser,D. 1997. Gathering keyinformation about indigenousforests of Zimbabwe.
Forests area under differenttenure
1992 N/A
2 Shumba, E. M 2001:Biodiversity PlanningSupport Programme.Integrating Biodiversityinto forestry sector.Paper prepared for aninternational workshop“Integration of Biodiversityin National Forestry PlanningProgramme”CIFOR HQ,Bogor, Indonesia 13-16August 2001
Production area and forestsgoods and services
1992 N/A
3 Forest Act Gazetted forest area N/A N/A
4 Timber Producers Federation.Zimbabwe Timber IndustryStatistics Annual Reports2000 - 2007
Area of Commercial TimberPlantation
2000, 2005 N/A
6.2.2 Classification and definitions
National class Definition
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
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N/A N/A
N/A N/A
6.2.3 Original data
See 4.2.3.
6.3 Analysis and processing of national data
6.3.1 Adjustment
6.3.2 Estimation and forecasting
See 4.3.2.
6.3.3 Reclassification
6.4 DataTable 6
Forest area (000 hectares)Categories
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Conservation ofbiodiversity
801 801 801 801 801
Forest areawithin protectedareas
801 801 801 801 801
Tiers
Category Tier for status Tier for reported trend
Conservation of biodiversity Tier 3 Tier 2
Forest area within protected areas Tier 3 Tier 2
Tier criteria
Category Tier for status Tier for reported trend
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• Conservation of biodiversity• Forests within protected areas
Tier 3: Data obtained from national orstate agencies responsible for conservationand protected area or legislation relatingto area protection. Tier 2: Studies thatprovide data for specific areas that isextrapolated through statistical analysis tonational level estimates Tier 1 Other
Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeatedcompatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :Estimate based on repeated compatible tier2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier forstatus) Tier 1 : Other
6.5 Comments
CategoryComments related todata definitions etc
Comments on the reported trend
Conservation of biodiversity Protected areas also part of biodiversityconservation
Since these are gazetted no changes areexpected
Forest area within protected areas N/A N/A
Other general comments to the table
N/A
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7. What is the area of forest affected by woody invasive species?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
7.1 Categories and definitions
Category Definition
Invasive species Species that are non-native to a particular ecosystem and whose introduction and spread cause, or arelikely to cause, socio-cultural, economic or environmental harm or harm to human health.
7.2 National data
7.2.1 Data sources
References to sourcesof information
Variables Years Additional comments
1 N/A N/A N/A N/A
2 N/A N/A N/A N/A
3 N/A N/A N/A N/A
4 N/A N/A N/A N/A
7.2.2 Classification and definitions
National class Definition
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
7.2.3 Original data
7.3 Analysis and processing of national data
7.3.1 Adjustment
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7.3.2 Estimation and forecasting
7.3.3 Reclassification
7.4 DataTable 7
Forest area affected (000 ha)Scientific name of
woody invasive species2005 2010
1.Lantana camara N/A N/A
2.Acacia mearnsii N/A N/A
3. N/A N/A
4. N/A N/A
5. N/A N/A
6. N/A N/A
7. N/A N/A
8. N/A N/A
9. N/A N/A
10. N/A N/A
Total N/A N/A
Tiers
Category Tier for status Tier for reported trend
Invasive species Tier 1 Tier 1
Tier Criteria
Category Tier for status Tier for reported trend
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Invasive species Tier 3: Systematic assessment in forestinventory or other survey (e.g. byconservation department) within the last5 years) Tier 2: Systematic assessment inforest inventory or other survey (e.g. byconservation department conducted morethan 5 years ago) Tier 1: Other
Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeatedcompatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :Estimate based on repeated compatible tier2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier forstatus) Tier 1 : Other
7.5 Comments
CategoryComments related todata definitions etc
Comments on the reported trend
Invasive species N/A N/A
Other general comments to the table
No data on area affected has been collected
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8. How much forest area is damaged each year?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
8.1 Categories and definitions
Category Definition
Number of fires Number of fires per year
Burned area Area burned per year
Outbreaks of insects A detectable reduction in forest health caused by a sudden increase in numbers of harmful insects.
Outbreaks of diseases A detectable reduction in forest health caused by a sudden increase in numbers of harmful pathogens,such as bacteria, fungi, phytoplasma or virus.
Severe weather events Damage caused severe weather events, such as snow, storm, drought, etc.
8.2 National data
8.2.1 Data sources
References to sourcesof information
Variables Years Additional comments
1 Environmental ManagementAgency Annual Report 2012
Burned Area 2012 N/A
2 N/A N/A N/A N/A
3 N/A N/A N/A N/A
4 N/A N/A N/A N/A
8.2.2 Classification and definitions
National class Definition
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
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8.2.3 Original data
8.3 Analysis and processing of national data
8.3.1 Adjustment
8.3.2 Estimation and forecasting
8.3.3 Reclassification
8.4 DataTable 8a
000 ha, number of fires
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Category
000 ha # 000 ha # 000 ha # 000 ha # 000 ha #
Totalland areaburned
500 N/A 921 N/A 472 N/A 907 N/A 852 N/A
... ofwhichforestareaburned
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Category
000 ha # 000 ha # 000 ha # 000 ha # 000 ha #
Totalland areaburned
869 N/A 964 N/A 1152 N/A 714 N/A 1300 N/A
... ofwhichforestareaburned
N/A N/A N/A N/A 500 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
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Table 8b
Outbreak category Description/name Year(s) of latest outbreak Area damaged (000 hectares)
1 ScaleInsect 1998 215
1 Short-holeBorers 2005 N/A
1 N/A
1 Eucalyptusgallwasp(Leptocybeinvasa)
N/A
1 N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A
Outbreak category
1 Insects
2 Diseases
3 Severe weather events
Tiers
Category Tier for status Tier for trend
Area affected by fire Tier 2 Tier 2
• Insects• Diseases• Severe weather events
Tier 2 Tier 2
Tier criteria
Category Tier for status Tier for reported trend
Burned area Tier 3 : National fire monitoring routinesTier 2 : Remote sensing surveys Tier 1 :Other
Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeatedcompatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :Estimate based on repeated compatible tier2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier forstatus) Tier 1 : Other
2007
2005Eucalyptusbronzebug(Thaumastocorisperegrines)
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• Insects• Diseases• Severe weather events
Tier 3 : Systematic survey (e.g. viainventory or aerial damage assessment)Tier 2 : Management records Tier 1 :Other
Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeatedcompatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :Estimate based on repeated compatible tier2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier forstatus) Tier 1 : Other
8.5 Comments
CategoryComments related todata definitions etc
Comments on the reported trend
Burned area Area determined by remote sensing No data on number of fires
Insects N/A N/A
Diseases N/A N/A
Severe weather events N/A N/A
Other general comments to the table
N/A
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9. What is the forest area with reduced canopy cover?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
Category Definition
Reduction in canopycover
Forest that has undergone a reduction of canopy cover of more than 20% between the years 2000 and2010 within the forest canopy cover range of 30-80% as detected by the MODIS VCF sensor.
Table 9
Category Area of forest with reduced canopy cover (000 ha)
Reduction in canopycover
N/A
Tiers
Category Tier for reported trend
Reduction in canopycover
N/A
Tier criteria
Category Tier for reported trend
Reduction in canopycover
Tier 3 : Remote sensing with ground truthing and/or Landsat imagery Tier 2 : Remote sensing usingModis (using pre-filled data provided by FAO) Tier 1 : Expert opinion
Comments
Category Comments related to data definitions etc
Reduction in canopycover
N/A
Other general comments
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10. What forest policy and regulatory framework exists to support implementation ofsustainable forest management SFM?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
10.1 Categories and definitions
Category Definition
Policies supportingsustainable forestmanagement
Policies or strategies that explicitly encourage sustainable forest management.
Legislation andregulations supportingsustainable forestmanagement
Legislation and regulations that govern and guide sustainable forest management, operations and use.
10.2 National data
10.2.1 Data sources
References to sourcesof information
Variables Years Additional comments
1 Forestry Commission N/A 1997-2013 N/A
2 FAO N/A 2013 N/A
3 Ministry of Environment N/A 1997-2013 N/A
4 N/A N/A N/A N/A
10.2.2 Classification and definitions
National class Definition
Forest Act and CLFPA Forest Act Cap 19.05 and Communal Land Forest Produce Act19.04 are legislative instruments
SI 112 (2001) and SI 116 (2012) Statutory Instruments helping to fight illegal trade in timber
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
10.2.3 Original data
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10.3 DataTable 10
Sub-nationalCategoryNational
Regional Provincial/State Local
Policies supportingsustainable forestmanagement
yes yes yes yes
... of which, in publiclyowned forests
yes yes yes yes
... of which, in privatelyowned forests
yes yes yes yes
Legislation andregulations supportingsustainable forestmanagement
yes yes yes yes
... of which, in publiclyowned forests
yes yes yes yes
... of which, in privatelyowned forests
yes yes yes yes
10.4 Comments
Variable / category Comments related to data definitions etc
Policies supporting sustainable forest management Forest area under sustainable forest management This area isgazetted for the purpose of maintaining it as Forest in its currentstate, (either commercial plantation or indigenous vegetation).Forest Act and CLFPA
Legislation and regulations supporting sustainable forestmanagement
Statutory Instruments targeted at specific problem areas e.g. SI112 and 116
Other general comments
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11. Is there a national platform that promotes stakeholder participation in forest policydevelopment?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
11.1 Categories and definitions
Category Definition
National stakeholderplatform
A recognized procedure that a broad range of stakeholders can use to provide opinions, suggestions,analysis, recommendations and other input into the development of national forest policy.
11.2 National data
11.2.1 Data sources
References to sources of information Years Additional comments
1 Forestry Commission - ZimbabweNational Forest Programme - End ofPhase 2 Report
2012 N/A
2 N/A N/A N/A
3 N/A N/A N/A
4 N/A N/A N/A
Table 11Is there a national platform that promotes or allows forstakeholder participation in forest policy development?
yes
11.3 Comments
Category Comments related to data definitions etc
National stakeholder platform Stakeholders meet from time to time. These include ForestryCommission, Ministry of Environment or NGOs. A SADCinitiative requires that each country has a timber association andin Zimbabwe we have the Timber Producers Federation dealingwith softwoods and the hardwood section has the IndigenousHardwood Timber Association which though established is notyet functional.
Other general comments
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12. What is the forest area intended to be in permanent forest land use and how has itchanged over time?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
12.1 Categories and definitions
Category Definition
Forest area intended to bein permanent forest landuse
Forest area that is designated or expected to be retained as forest and is highly unlikely to be convertedto other land use.
...of which permanentforest estate (sub-category)
Forest area that is designated by law or regulation to be retained as forest and may not be converted toother land use.
12.2 National data
12.2.1 Data sources
References to sourcesof information
Variables Years Additional comments
1 Kwesha, D. & Dreiser,D. 1997. Gathering keyinformation about indigenousforests of Zimbabwe.
Forests area under differenttenure
1992 N/A
2 Forest Act Gazetted forest area N/A N/A
3 N/A N/A N/A N/A
4 N/A N/A N/A N/A
12.2.2 Classification and definitions
National class Definition
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
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12.2.3 Original data
See 4.2.3.
12.3 Analysis and processing of national data
12.3.1 Adjustment
12.3.2 Estimation and forecasting
12.3.3 Reclassification
12.4 DataTable 12
Categories Forest area 2010 (000 ha)
Forest area intended to be in permanentforest land use
909
... of which permanent forest estate 109
Tiers
Category Tier for status
Forest area intended to be in permanent forest land use Tier 3
Permanent forest estate Tier 3
Tier Criteria
Category Tier for status
Forest area intended to be in permanent forest land use Tier 3 : National or sub-national land use plans strategydocuments or other reports within the past 10 years Tier 2 :National or sub-national land use plans strategy documents orother reports within the past 20 years Tier 1 : Other
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Permanent forest estate Tier 3 : National or sub-national land use plans strategydocuments or other reports within the past 10 years Tier 2 :National or sub-national land use plans strategy documents orother reports within the past 20 years Tier 1 : Other
12.5 Comments
Category Comments related to data definitions etc
Forest area intended to be in permanent forest land use Forest area intended to be in permanent forest land use
Permanent forest estate Permanent forest estate
Other general comments
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13. How does your country measure and report progress towards SFM at the nationallevel?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
13.1 Categories and definitions
Category Definition
Forest area monitoredunder a national forestmonitoring framework
Forest area monitored by a national monitoring framework or systems that provide measurement basedperiodic monitoring of forest extent and quality.
Forest reporting atnational scale
National reporting of forest extent and characteristics that includes some measure of progress towardsustainable forest management.
13.2 National data
13.2.1 Data sources
References to sourcesof information
Variables Years Additional comments
1 N/A N/A N/A N/A
2 N/A N/A N/A N/A
3 N/A N/A N/A N/A
4 N/A N/A N/A N/A
13.2.2 Classification and definitions
National class Definition
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
13.3 DataTable 13a
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Check all boxes that apply
Category% of totalforest area
Mostrecent year
Continuous PeriodicPermanent
groundplots
Temporaryground
plots
Aerial/remotesensingsamplebased
Aerial/remote
sensing fullcoverage
Forestinventory
5 1998 no yes yes yes no no
Other fieldassessments
N/A N/A no yes yes yes no no
Updatesto othersources
N/A N/A no yes yes yes no no
Expertestimate
N/A N/A
Table 13b
Type of forest reporting used at national scale Check boxes that apply
1 Criteria and Indicators reporting no
2 Periodic national state of the forest report yes
3 Other (please document) yes
4 None no
Other type of forest reporting
Volume estimates for specific forest areas where selective harvesting is to take place.
13.4 Comments
Category Comments
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
Other general comments
Confirmed only 5% of total forest area covered by inventory
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14. What is the area of forest under a forest management plan and how is this monitored?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
14.1 Categories and definitions
Category Definition
Forest area withmanagement plan
Forest area that has a long-term documented management plan, aiming at defined management goalswhich is periodically revised
...of which for production(sub-category)
Forest management plan mainly focused on production
...of which forconservation (sub-category)
Forest management plan mainly focused on conservation
Monitoring of forestmanagement plans
Government monitoring of forest management plan implementation conducted through field visits oraudits of forest management plan performance
14.2 National data
14.2.1 Data sources
References to sourcesof information
Variables Years Additional comments
1 Kwesha, D. & Dreiser,D. 1997. Gathering keyinformation about indigenousforests of Zimbabwe.
Forests area under differenttenure
1992 N/A
2 Forest Act Gazetted forest area N/A N/A
3 N/A N/A N/A N/A
4 N/A N/A N/A N/A
14.3 DataTable 14a
Forest plan type Forest area 2010 (000 ha)
Forest area with management plan 909
... of which for production 108
... of which for conservation 801
Table 14b
Indicate which (if any) of the following are required in forest management plans in your country
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1 Soil and water management yes
2 High conservation value forest delineation yes
3 Social considerations community involvement yes
Table 14c
Percent of area under forest management plan that is monitored annually 2.3
Tiers
Category Tier for status
Forest area with management plan Tier 3
Percent of area under forest management plan that is monitoredannually
Tier 1
Tier criteria
Category Tier for status
Forest area with management plan Tier 3 : Reports that describe national records 5 years old or lessthat contain long-term forest monitoring plans Tier 2 : Industryor other records indicating the presence of a long-term forestmanagement plan Tier 1 : Other
Percent of area under forest management plan that is monitoredannually
Tier 3 : Government documentation of monitoring extent Tier 2: Reports from forest managers or other documental sources Tier1 : Other
14.4 Comments
Category Comments
Forest area with management plan This Forest area is gazetted and, as a requirement by theForest Act, is required to be sustainably managed with themanagement plans being documented so as to provide a guide toall stakeholders.
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
Other general comments
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15. How are stakeholders involved in the management decision making for publiclyowned forests?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
15.1 Categories and definitions
Category Definition
Stakeholder involvement Stakeholder involvement is defined as significant inputs into at least one aspect of forest management atthe operational scale
Table 15
Please indicate the type of stakeholder involvement in forest management decision making required in your country
1. Planning phase yes
2. Operations phase yes
3. Review of operations yes
Tiers
Category Tier for status
Type of stakeholder inputs Tier 3
Tier criteria
Category Tier for status
Type of stakeholder inputs Tier 3 : Government (national or sub-national) documentation ofstakeholder inputs Tier 2 : Government (national or subnational)requirement but stakeholder inputs not documented Tier 1 :Other
15.2 Comments
Category Comments
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
Other general comments
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16. What is the area of forest under an independently verified forest certification scheme?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
16.1 Categories and definitions
Category Definition
FSC certification Forest area certified under the Forest Stewardship Council certification scheme
PEFC certification Forest area certified under the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification scheme
Other international forestmanagement certification
Forest area certified under an international forest management certification scheme with publishedstandards and is independently verified by a third-party, excluding FSC and PEFC certification.
Certified forest areausing a domestic forestmanagement certificationscheme
Area certified under a forest management certification scheme with published standards that arenationally recognized and independently verified by a thirdparty
16.2 DataTable 16a
Forest area (000 ha)International forest
management certification2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
FSC 0 0 123.13 123.13 123.13 104.04 104.04
PEFC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
FSC 108.43 108.43 55.3 0 0 0
PEFC 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 16b
Forest area (000 ha)Domestic forest
management certification2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
1.Name 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2.Name 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3.Name 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1.Name 0 0 0 0 0 0
2.Name 0 0 0 0 0 0
3.Name 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tier criteria
Category Tier for status
International forest management certification Tier 3: International forest management scheme recordsmaintained by the certifying organization for the reporting yearTier 2: International forest management scheme records reportedby the certifying organization for a period 2 years prior to thereporting year Tier: 1 Other
Domestic forest management certification Tier 3: National registry reports for domestic forest managementcertification maintained by the certifying organization for thereporting year Tier 2: Domestic forest management schemerecords reported by the certifying organization for a period 2years prior to the reporting year Tier: 1 Other
Tiers
Category Tier for status
International forest management certification Tier 3
Domestic forest management certification Tier 3
16.3 Comments
Category Comments related to data definitions etc
Certified forest area using an international forest managementcertification scheme
N/A
Domestic forest management certification N/A
Other general comments
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17. How much money do governments collect from and spend on forests?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
17.1 Categories and definitions
Category Definition
Forest revenue All government revenue collected from the domestic production and trade of forest products andservices. For this purpose revenue include:• Goods : roundwood; sawnwood; biomass; woodbased panels; pulp and paper and non-wood forest
products.• Services : including concession fees and royalties, stumpage payments, public timber sales revenue
taxes and charges based on forest area or yield, taxes on domestic trade and export of forest products,special levies on forestry activities and payments into forest related funds, other miscellaneousinspection, licence and administrative fees levied by forest administrations, permit and licence feesfor recreation and other forest related activities.
Public expenditure onforestry
All government expenditure on forest related activities.
17.2 National data
17.2.1 Data sources
References to sourcesof information
Variables Years Additional comments
1 Forestry Commission 2000and 2005 Annual FinancialReports
Forestry Revenues andExpenditures
2000, 2005 N/A
2 N/A N/A N/A N/A
3 N/A N/A N/A N/A
4 N/A N/A N/A N/A
17.3 DataTable 17
Revenues / expenditures (000 local currency)Category
2000 2005 2010
Forest revenue 143035 60593959 62394
Public expenditure on forestry 354999 72975453 N/A
2000 2005 2010
Name of Local Currency Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWD) N/A N/A
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17.4 Comments
Category Comments related to data definitions etc
Forest revenue Strong increase due to hyperinflation
Public expenditure on forestry Strong increase due to hyperinflation
Other general comments N/A
Other general comments
By 2010 Zimbabwe had stopped using the local currency and adopted multicurrncy system and the USD isnormally quoted in terms of trade.
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18. Who owns and manages the forests and how has this changed?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
18.1 Categories and definitions
Category Definition
Public ownership Forest owned by the State or administrative units of the public administration or by institutions orcorporations owned by the public administration.
...of which owned by thestate at national scale(sub-category)
Forest owned by the State at the national scale or administrative units of the public administration or byinstitutions or corporations owned by the public administration.
...of which owned by thestate at the sub-nationalgovernment scale (sub-category)
Forest owned by the State at the sub-national government scale or administrative units of the publicadministration or by institutions or corporations owned by the public administration.
Private ownership Forest owned by individuals, families, communities, private cooperatives corporations and otherbusiness entities, private, religious and educational institutions, pension or investment funds, NGOs,nature conservation associations and other private institutions.
...of which individuals(sub-category)
Forest owned by individuals and families.
...of which privatebusiness entities andinstitutions (sub-category)
Forest owned by private corporations cooperatives companies and other business entities as well asprivate nonprofit organizations such as NGOs nature conservation associations, and private religiousand educational institutions etc.
...of which local tribal andindigenous communities(sub-category)
Forest owned by a group of individuals belonging to the same community residing within or in thevicinity of a forest area or forest owned by communities of indigenous or tribal people The communitymembers are coowners that share exclusive rights and duties and benefits contribute to the communitydevelopment.
Unknown ownership Forest area where ownership is unknown includes areas where ownership is unclear or disputed.
Categories related tomanagement rights
of public forestsDefinition
Public Administration The Public Administration (or institutions or corporations owned by the Public Administration) retainsmanagement rights and responsibilities within the limits specified by the legislation.
Individuals households Forest management rights and responsibilities are transferred from the Public Administration toindividuals or households through long-term leases or management agreements.
Private companies Forest management rights and responsibilities are transferred from the Public Administration tocorporations, other business entities private cooperatives, private nonprofit institutions and associations,etc., through long-term leases or management agreements.
Communities Forest management rights and responsibilities are transferred from the Public Administration to localcommunities (including indigenous and tribal communities) through long-term leases or managementagreements.
Other form ofmanagement rights
Forests for which the transfer of management rights does not belong to any of the categories mentionedabove.
18.2 National data
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18.2.1 Data sources
References to sourcesof information
Variables Years Additional comments
1 Kwesha, D. & Dreiser,D. 1997. Gathering keyinformation about indigenousforests of Zimbabwe.
Ownership 1992 N/A
2 Timber Producers Federation.Zimbabwe Timber IndustryStatistics Annual Reports2003 - 2007
Privately owned CommercialTimber Plantation
2005 N/A
3 C. Musokonyi & F.Matose. 2007. Trendsin forest ownership,Institutional Arrangementsand the Impacts on ForestManagement and PovertyReduction
Management 2007 N/A
4 N/A N/A N/A N/A
18.2.2 Classification and definitions
National class Definition
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
18.2.3 Original data
a). Original 1992 data from Source Kwesha, D. & Dreiser, D. 1997
The following table contains data that was gathered during the VegRIS project. Some of the irrelevant data (datafor areas outside those that fall within the Forest area after reclassification into FRA 2010 classes) was left out.
National
Classes
Area in hectares
Natural
moist forest
Plantation Woodland Wooded
grassland
Bushland
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Nat. Parks 6 559 6 559 3 397 633 79 719 1 186 195
Forestland 801 53 006 875 729 534 72 900
State land 0 0 168 186 0 15 887
Communal
area
0 1 546 6 531 573 41 703 1 495 142
Resettlement
area
396 6 729 2 398 319 121 915 449 264
Total public
Forest
7 756 67 840 13 371 441 243 871 3 219 388
SSCFA 1 0 112 566 106 23 242 108 573
LSCFA 2 3 568 86 824 6 954 228 944 357 1 640 137
Town 0 287 27 652 8 758 3 289
Total
private
forests
3 568 87 223 7 547 986 976 357 1 751 999
Total 11 324 155 063 20 919 427 1 220 228 4 971 387
It is important to note that all areas included in the above table may be set aside for other types of land usebut, at the time of data compilation, these were still covered by forest as seen on satellite imagery. The nationalclasses shown in the above table will be used to estimate the Public Forest management pattern for 1990.
(b). Forest Tenure Categories for 2007
State Communal Private
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ForestOwner State: ForestryCommission, Ministryof Lands, Agricultureand Resettlement,Zimbabwe Parks andWildlife Authority
Community groupsin communal andResettlement Areas
Private individuals,corporate bodies
Area of Forest (ha) 8 937 487.0 2 025 901.7 6 566 583.6
OwnershipArrangement
ConstitutionalAmendment No. 17,Wildlife Act, ForestAct
Communal LandsAct, ConstitutionalAmendment No. 17
Privatelandtittles
Source: Derived from matrix compiled by Musokonyi 2006.(Source 2)
c). Forest Management 2007
Owner is theexclusive
manager
Forestoperationcontracted/Partnerships
Devolvedmanagement rights
Others Total
Strictly limited:No extraction rights for others
User rights/Customaryrights/Permitsto hunt, gather dead wood and NWFP
Joint forestmanagement with communitiesCommunity timber concessions /licenses
Private companyvolumepermits/loggingconcession /schemes
Community forestleases/forestmanagementconcessions
State 66925 1247550 128050 397165 1839690
Detailed data public ownership
Private companyleases/forestmanagementconcessions
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Local governments:regions, provinces anddistricts
184073 430892 90000 25319 263 730547
Local governments:villages, municipalities
396 4151663 2169695 2025902 8347656
Other public bodies
45891 45891
Total 10963784
N.B The Total area of state forest shown in the above table is the total of State and Communal Land in the ForestTenure Categories for 2007
18.3 Analysis and processing of national data
18.3.1 Adjustment
18.3.2 Estimation and forecasting
Ownership
In 1990 (original data 1992)
Area in hectares
Wooded Grassland 1
Percentageof totalforest
Ownership
Naturalmoist
forest
Plantation Woodland
of which50% isforest
TotalForest
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Public 7 756 67 840 13 371 441 121 936 13 568 973 62.5%
Private 3 568 87 223 7 547 986 488 179 8 126 956 37.5%
Total 11 324 155 063 20 919 427 610 115 21 695 929 100.0%
Since there tenure system in the country was still quite stable back in the nineties, for the sake of this report,it was assumed that a change in the Forest area cover was met with a change of the same proportion in thedifferent land ownerships between 1990 and 1992 when the original data was gathered.
In 2005
Percentages derived from data for 2007 Forest Tenure were thus used to estimate the tenure pattern for the year2005 since there is just a two (2) year difference.
Public Private
State Communal
Area of Forest (ha) 8 801 978 2 002 019 6 454 784
Area of Forest (%) 51 11.6 37.4
In Zimbabwe Communal forest is considered to be owned by the state as the state can move anyone occupyingthe area should it deem it necessary for the purpose of development. The state exercises this ownership throughthe Communal Lands Act
No data are available for 2000, therefore the above ratio was used to interpolate figures for that year.
Results are :
1990 2000 2005
Public ownership (1000 ha)
13 852 11 828 10 804
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Private ownership (1000 ha)
8 312 7 066 6 455
18.3.3 Reclassification
Management of Public Forests
In 1990 (original data 1992)
National
Classes
Area in
hectares (1992)
% FRA Class Area in hectares(1990)
Nat. Parks 3450610.5 25.43 PublicAdministration
3522564
Forestland 929803.0 6.85 Privatecorporations andinstitutions
948862
State land 168186.0 1.24 PublicAdministration
171765
Communal area 6553970.5 48.30 Communities 6690516
Resettlement area 2466401.5 18.18 Other 2518294
Total publicForest
13568972.5 100 13852000
The percentages derived from original data (1992), were used to estimate the Public Forest Management patternfor the year 1990.
In 2005 (original data 2007)
Owner is theexclusive
manager
Forestoperationcontracted/Partnerships
Devolvedmanagement rights
Others Total
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Detailed data public ownership
Strictly limited:No extraction rights for others
User rights/Customaryrights/Permitsto hunt, gather dead wood and NWFP
Joint forestmanagement with communities Community timber concessions /licenses
Private companyvolumepermits/loggingconcession /schemes
Community forestleases/forestmanagementconcessions
Private companyleases/forestmanagementconcessions
State 66925 1247550 128050 397165 1839690
Local governments: regions, provinces anddistricts
184073 430892 90000 25319 263 730547
396 4151663 2169695 2025902 8347656
Other public bodies
45891 45891
Total 10963784
Reclassified according to FRA definitions:
Public administration =5696102 ha => 51.95 %
Communities=2753956 ha => 25.12 %
Private corporations and institutions=487428 ha => 4.45 %
Local governments:villages, municipalities
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Percentages derived from data for 2007 Forest management was thus used to estimate the management patternfor the year 2005 since there is just a two (2) year difference.
Consequently, the results are in 2005:
Publicadministration
(000 ha)
Communities
(000 ha)
Privatecorporations andinstitutions (000ha)
Other
(000 ha)
Total
(000 ha)
5 613 2 714 481 1 996 10 804
18.4 DataTable 18a
Forest area (1000 hectares)Categories
1990 2000 2005 2010
Public ownership 13852 11828 10804 9868
... of which ownedby the state atnational scale
0 0 0 0
... of which ownedby the state atthe sub-nationalgovernment scale
801 801 801 801
Private ownership 8312 7066 6455 5756
... of which ownedby individuals
0 0 0 0
... of which ownedby private businessentities andinstitutions
0 0 0 0
... of which ownedby local, tribaland indigenouscommunities
0 0 0 0
Unknownownership
0 0 0 0
TOTAL 22164.00 18894.00 17259.00 15624.00
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Tiers
Category Tier for status Tier for reported trend
Public ownership Tier 1 Tier 1
Private ownership Tier 1 Tier 1
Unknown ownership Tier 1 Tier 1
Tier criteria
Category Tier for status Tier for reported trend
Ownership Tier 3: National forestry statistics registersof land titles or maps on land ownershipor all forest area under one ownershipcategory that is five years old or less. Tier2:National forestry statistics registers ofland titles or maps on land ownership orquestionnaires that are more than fiveyears old. Tier 1: Other
Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeatedcompatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :Estimate based on repeated compatible tier2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier forstatus) Tier 1 : Other
Table 18b - Holder of management rights of public forests
Forest area (000 hectares)Categories
1990 2000 2005 2010
Public Administration 3695 N/A 5613 N/A
Individuals 0 N/A 0 N/A
Private companies 949 N/A 481 N/A
Communities 6690 N/A 2714 N/A
Other 2518 N/A 1996 N/A
TOTAL 13852.00 .00 10804.00 .00
Category Tier for reported trend Tier for status
Public Administration Tier 1 Tier 1
Individuals Tier 1 Tier 1
Private companies Tier 1 Tier 1
Communities Tier 1 Tier 1
Other Tier 1 Tier 1
18.5 Comments
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CategoryComments related todata definitions etc
Comments on the reported trend
Public ownership N/A N/A
Private ownership N/A N/A
Unknown ownership N/A N/A
Management rights It is not possible to assess the situation in2000.
N/A
Other general comments to the table
The data on ownership and management is very difficult to come by thus the reliance on research studies done by individuals.
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19. How many people are directly employed in forestry?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
19.1 Categories and definitions
Category Definition
Full-time equivalents(FTE)
A measurement equal to one person working full-time during a specified reference period.
Employment in forestry Employment in activities related to production of goods derived from forests. This category correspondsto the ISIC/NACE Rev. 4 activity A02 (Forestry and logging).
19.2 National data
19.2.1 Data sources
References to sourcesof information
Variables Years Additional comments
1 Timber Producers Federation.Timber Industry Statistics
Commercial Timber IndustryLabour Statistics
1985-19901991-2000 N/A
2 Forestry Commission.Monthly Progress Reports.
Labour Statistics 2000 Only data for 2000 wasavailable
3 National Parks and WildlifeManagement Authority
Labour Statistics 1990, 2000, 2005 Personal communication withHuman Resources manager.
4 N/A N/A N/A N/A
19.2.2 Classification and definitions
National class Definition
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
19.2.3 Original data
- Paid employment :
Employment (1000 person-years)National
1990 2000 2005
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Primary production of
goods 114.400 14.445 13.173
Employment inmanagement of
protected areas 2
1.900 2.769 2.500
Notes:
1Source: Timber Producers’ Federation of Zimbabwe
2Data from Source 3 plus data from Source 2 where data from source 2 was available (i.e. for year 2000).
Ownership
In 1990 (original data 1992)
Area in hectares
Wooded Grassland 1
Percentageof totalforest
Ownership
Naturalmoist
forest
Plantation Woodland
of which50% isforest
TotalForest
Public 7 756 67 840 13 371 441 121 936 13 568 973 62.5%
Private 3 568 87 223 7 547 986 488 179 8 126 956 37.5%
Total 11 324 155 063 20 919 427 610 115 21 695 929 100.0%
Since there tenure system in the country was still quite stable back in the nineties, for the sake of this report,it was assumed that a change in the Forest area cover was met with a change of the same proportion in thedifferent land ownerships between 1990 and 1992 when the original data was gathered.
In 2005
Percentages derived from data for 2007 Forest Tenure were thus used to estimate the tenure pattern for the year2005 since there is just a two (2) year difference.
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Public Private
State Communal
Area of Forest (ha) 8 801 978 2 002 019 6 454 784
Area of Forest (%) 51 11.6 37.4
In Zimbabwe Communal forest is considered to be owned by the state as the state can move anyone occupyingthe area should it deem it necessary for the purpose of development. The state exercises this ownership throughthe Communal Lands Act
No data are available for 2000, therefore the above ratio was used to interpolate figures for that year.
Results are :
1990 2000 2005
Public ownership (1000 ha)
13 852 11 828 10 804
Private ownership (1000 ha)
8 312 7 066 6 455
Management of Public Forests
In 1990 (original data 1992)
National
Classes
Area in
hectares (1992)
% FRA Class Area in hectares(1990)
Nat. Parks 3450610.5 25.43 PublicAdministration
3522564
Forestland 929803.0 6.85 Privatecorporations andinstitutions
948862
State land 168186.0 1.24 PublicAdministration
171765
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Communal area 6553970.5 48.30 Communities 6690516
Resettlement area 2466401.5 18.18 Other 2518294
Total publicForest
13568972.5 100 13852000
The percentages derived from original data (1992), were used to estimate the Public Forest Management patternfor the year 1990.
In 2005 (original data 2007)
Owner is theexclusive
manager
Forestoperationcontracted/Partnerships
Devolvedmanagement rights
Others Total
Detailed data public ownership
Strictly limited:No extraction rights for others
User rights/Customaryrights/Permitsto hunt, gather dead wood and NWFP
Joint forestmanagement with communitiesCommunity timber concessions /licenses
Private companyvolumepermits/loggingconcession /schemes
Community forestleases/forestmanagementconcessions
Private companyleases/forestmanagementconcessions
State 66925 1247550 128050 397165 1839690
Local governments: regions, provinces anddistricts
184073 430892 90000 25319 263 730547
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Local governments:villages, municipalities
396 4151663 2169695 2025902 8347656
Other public bodies
45891 45891
Total 10963784
Reclassified according to FRA definitions:
Public administration =5696102 ha => 51.95 %
Communities=2753956 ha => 25.12 %
Private corporations and institutions=487428 ha => 4.45 %
Percentages derived from data for 2007 Forest management was thus used to estimate the management patternfor the year 2005 since there is just a two (2) year difference.
Consequently, the results are in 2005:
Publicadministration
(000 ha)
Communities
(000 ha)
Privatecorporations andinstitutions (000ha)
Other
(000 ha)
Total
(000 ha)
5 613 2 714 481 1 996 10 804
19.3 DataTable 19
Employment (000 years FTE)Category
1990 2000 2005 2010
Employment inforestry
14.4 14.5 13.2 7.2
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... of which female N/A N/A N/A N/A
19.4 Comments
CategoryComments related todata definitions etc
Comments on the reported trend
Employment in forestry Information is limited to paid-employment.
N/A
Other general comments to the table
N/A
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20. What is the contribution of forestry to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?Documents for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
20.1 Categories and definitions
Category Definition
Gross value added fromforestry (at basic prices)
This category corresponds to the ISIC/NACE Rev. 4 activity A02 (Forestry and logging).
20.2 DataTable 20 (Pre-filled data from UNdata/EUROSTAT)
Category Million CurrencyYear for latest
available information
Gross value added fromforestry (at basic prices)
N/A N/A N/A
20.3 Comments
Category Comments
Gross value added from forestry (at basic prices) N/A
Other general comments
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21. What is forest area likely to be in the futureDocuments for this question:
• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions
21.1 Categories and definitions
Category Definition
Government target/aspiration for forest area
Government target/aspiration for forest area for a specific year.
Forests earmarked forconversion
Forest area that is allocated/classified or scheduled to be converted into non-forest uses.
21.2 National data
21.2.1 Data sources
References to sourcesof information
Variables Years Additional comments
1 N/A N/A N/A N/A
2 N/A N/A N/A N/A
3 N/A N/A N/A N/A
4 N/A N/A N/A N/A
21.3 DataTable 21a
Forest area (000 ha)Category
2020 2030
Government target/aspiration for forestarea
N/A N/A
Table 21b
Forest area (000 ha)Category
2013
Forests earmarked for conversion N/A
21.4 Comments
Category Comments
Government target/aspiration for forest area N/A
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Forests earmarked for conversion N/A
Other general comments