ZIG-BEE BASED REMOTE METAL DETECTINGROBOT TO ASSIST BOMB DETECTION AND

RESCUE TEAM

These project main aim is to prepare zigbee based remote metal detecting robot to assist bomb detection and rescue team

AIM:

Introduction Abstract Block Diagram Microcontroller (Lpc 2148) Arm 7 Zig Bee Technolog Hardware Components Software Tools Advantages Applications Future Scope

Contents:

In the present day scenario we are facing many threats by bomb blasts

We have existing methods like human survillance for bomb detection

so our project aim is to prepare a unmanned vehicle which detects metal as bombs are usually made of metal.

Introduction

The Aim of the project is to prepare a unmanned vehicle which will detect the bomb.

It will not only detect the bomb but also position of bomb by using gps module and the position of bomb will intimated to the system through gsm module .

Abstract

Block Diagram

Robot(receiver Section) Transmitter Section

POWER SUPPLY

MICRO

CONTROLLER

LCD

BUZZER

MOTOR DRIVER

PROXIMITY SENSOR

MOTOR

ZIGBEE RX

GPS

PC ZIGBEE TX

LPC2148

Microcontroller (Lpc 2148)16-bit/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller in a tiny LQFP64 package.

8 kB to 40 kB of on-chip static RAM and 32 kB to 512 kB of on-chip flash memory.

128-bit wide interface/accelerator enables high-speed 60 MHz operation.

In-System Programming/In-Application Programming (ISP/IAP) via on-chip boot loader software. Single flash sector or full chip erase in 400 ms and programming of 256 bytes in 1 ms.

Embedded ICE RT and Embedded Trace interfaces offer real-time debugging with the on-chip Real Monitor software and high-speed tracing of instruction execution.

USB 2.0 Full-speed compliant device controller with 2 kB of endpoint RAM.

In addition, the LPC2146/48 provides 8 kB of on-chip RAM accessible to USB by DMA.

Two 32-bit timers/external event counters (with four capture and four compare channels each), PWM unit (six outputs) and watchdog.

Low power Real-Time Clock (RTC) with independent power and 32 kHz clock input.

Multiple serial interfaces including two UARTs (16C550), two Fast I2C-bus (400 kbit/s),Vectored Interrupt Controller (VIC) with configurable priorities and vector addresses.

Up to 45 of 5 V tolerant fast general purpose I/O pins in a tiny LQFP64 package, Up to 21 external interrupt pins available.

60 MHz maximum CPU clock available from programmable on-chip PLL with settling time of 100 μs.

On-chip integrated oscillator operates with an external crystal 1 MHz to 25 MHz

Power saving modes include Idle and Power-down.

Pin Diagram Of Lpc2148

ARM7(ACORN RISC MACHINE):32/16-bit RISC architecture (ARM v4T)

It is a family of general purpose 32 bit microprocessor

Two Instruction Sets: 32-bit ARM instruction set for maximum performance and flexibility 16-bit Thumb instruction set for increased code density

Unified bus interface, 32-bit data bus carries both instructions and data

Von Neumann Load/Store Architecture

Three-stage pipeline– Fetch, Decode and Execute Stage

32-bit ALU

Very small die size and low power consumption

Extensive debug facilities (EmbeddedICE debug unit accessible via JTAG interface unit)

Extensive Range of Third-party Application Development Tools

High performance with low power cnsumption

8-, 16-, and 32-bit Data Types

Arm7TDMI has total of 37 registers31 general purpose 32 bit registers6 status registers

Arm 7TDMI has four memory cyclesIdle,sequentional,non sequentional,coprocessor register transfer cycle

Arm7 has 7 modes of operation: FIQ,IRQ,supervisor,abort,system,undefined,user

ARM7TDMI program staus register:

The bottom eight bits of a PSR are known collectively as the control bits. They are the:•interrupt disable bits .N,Z,C,V are condition code flags•T bit •mode bits. The control bits change when an exception occurs. When the processor is operating in a privileged mode, software can manipulate these bits.Interrupt disable bitsThe I and F bits are the interrupt disable bits:•when the I bit is set, IRQ interrupts are disabled •when the F bit is set, FIQ interrupts are disabled. T bitThe T bit reflects the operating state:•when the T bit is set, the processor is executing in Thumb state •when the T bit is clear, the processor executing in ARM state.

Zig Bee Technology:Features:

Works under the IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee standard with 2.4GHz and 868/915 MHz dual PHY modes.

Standards-based wireless technology

Interoperability and worldwide usability

needed for only two major modes (Tx/Rx or Sleep),

Low data-rates ,low cost,

Ultra low power consumption

 Channel access using Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA - CA)

  Addressing space of up to 64 bit IEEE address devices, 65,535 networks

Fully reliable “hand-shaked” data transfer protocol

Different topologies as illustrated below: star, peer-to-peer, mesh

Maximum data rates allowed for each of these frequency bands are fixed as 250 kbps @2.4 GHz, 40 kbps @ 915 MHz, and 20 kbps @868 MHz

50m typical range

Bandwidth is low compare to bluetooth and wifi

The Transceiver operates in five modes .They are1. Idle Mode2. Receive mode 3. Transmit Mode 4. Sleep Mode 5. Command Mode

Simple design

Security

Reliability

Pin Diagram Of Zigbee:Parameters

Operating frequency : 2.4GHzOperating voltage : 3.3VTransmitted power : 1mwRange : 30m(urban area), 200m (LOS)Data rate : 250KbpsOperating temperature range : -40oC to +80oCReceiver sensitivity : -104dbmFrequency range : 2.4 – 2.4875 GHz.

Power supplyMax 232Lc293 motor driver IC Inductive proximity sensorPIR sensor

Hardware Components

Power supply :

Power supply unit from where we get power supply to our unit and also we convert ac to required dc voltage as per requirements.Incase if we don’t use ac power supply we use 12v battery as input.

The max 232 is an IC that converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signal suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuit.

Max 232

L293d motordriver IC:

The L293 is an integrated circuit motor driver that can be used for simultaneous, bi-directional control dc motors.L293D a dual H‐Bridge motordriver, DC motors which can be controlled in both clockwise and counter clockwise direction. You can make use of all the four I/Os to connect up to four DC motors.L293D has output current of 600mA and peak output current of 1.2A per channel. Moreover for protection of circuit from back EMF output diodes are included

Inductive proximity sensor:

An inductive proximity sensor is a type of non-contact that is used to detect the positioelectronic proximity sensor n of metal objects.

Inductive proximity sensors enable the detection, without contact, of metal objects at distances of up to 60 mm.

High operating rates.

Fast response.

Excellent resistance to industrial environments

Solid state technology : no moving parts, therefore service life of sensor independent of the number of operating cycles.

Working Of Sensor:Inductive proximity sensors are solely for the detection of

metal objects. They basically comprise an oscillator whose windings constitute the sensing face. An alternating magnetic field is generated in front of these windings.

When a metal object is placed within the magnetic field generated by the sensor, the resulting currents induced form an additional load and the oscillation causes

Passive infrared sensor(PIR):A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view.

PIRs are basically made of a pyroelectric sensor .

PIR sensor can detect levels of infrared radiation.

Schematic Diagram:robot section

Schematic Diagram:remote section

Keil u-VisionEmbedded ‘C’Hyper terminal or flash magicExpress PCB

Software Tools:

Mines detection.

Surveillance appliances.

Bomb Detection.

Applications

It is most advanced technology

It is of low cost

By using this technology we can detect the bomb as early as possible and dismannual it easily so that we can easily save the life of the human beings.

we can use better sensors and high end modules to detect metals more precisely.

Future Scope:

THANK YOU