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Efficiency Vermont- 10 Feb 2011

Zero Onsite Fossil-Fuels: The Davis Student Village


Efficiency Vermont is a Registered Provider with The AmericanInstitute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES).Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported toAIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIAmembers and non-AIA members are available upon request.

This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professionaleducation. As such, it does not include content that may be deemedor construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of anymaterial of construction or any method or manner of handling, using,distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will beaddressed at the conclusion of this presentation.


Learning Objectives

At the end of this program, participants will be able to:

• Know the solution concepts employed for a fossil fuel free program

•Understand how the thermal envelope contributed to an innovative mechanicalsystem

•Understand the procurement method used to deliver the project on time andbelow budget

•Know the resulting temp and RH data, energy use and patterns of occupancy


Course EvaluationsIn order to maintain high-quality learning experiences, please access

the evaluation for this course by logging into CES Discovery andclicking on the Course Evaluation link on the left side of the page.


Our Team

Millard Dority Director of Campus Planning

Marc Rosenbaum, PE Energy & Systems Consultant

Sam Coplon, ASLA Landscape Architect

Thomas RC Hartman, AIA Project Architect

Rob Shea, PE CM Project Manager

Phil LaClaire Owner’s Representative

Consultants Major Subcontractor’s

Acentech Acoustical Consultants Atlantic Landscape Construction

Ryan Hellwig, PE Structural Engineering Harold MacQuinn, Inc.

Hedefine Engineering Civil Engineering Evergreen Home Performance

Petersen Engineering Mechanical Engineering Northeast Plumbing & Heating

Bartlett Design Electrical Engineering King Electric, Inc.


The client- initial goal - ZERO FOSSIL FUELS


Selection Process- a very long interview- 4 hour workshop


Context Plan


SC-Site context-existing


Timeline

Began Schematic Design at the end of 2003 through 2004

Hold through 2005

Started up on Design Development 2006

Construction Drawings completed for bidding in Jan 2007

Construction Completed for Fall 2008

Ongoing monitoring- 2009 to present


SC-Site existing site plan


Design Process


Design Program

NSF/Space Number Total Area

Bedrooms ( double) 200 2 400Bedrooms (single) 130 4 520Group Study 120 1 120Bathrooms 50 2 100Kitchen 120 1 120Dining 150 1 150Living 150 1 150

Laundry

Storage

Sub-TOTAL 1,560

Circulation and structural multiplier 1.7

TOTAL

Houses 2652 6 15,912

SPACE NEED PER RESIDENCE "HOUSE"

2,652

One space for six

houses — see below

One exterior (unheated)

space per house — see

below

Seminar/social space 650 1 650

Social space 550 1 550

Laundry/Games space 650 1 650

Accessible bathroom 100 1 100

Accessible bedroom 200 2 400

Janitor and storage 50 1 50

Mechanical room 500 1 500

Sub-TOTAL 2,900

1.6

TOTAL 4640

GRAND TOTAL

500

Exterior storage space for bicycles and

outdoor equipment — 10 s.f per

student

20,552

Circulation and structural multiplier

SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL SPACE NEED


Solution Concepts


Loads - Resources - Conversion Technology - Recovery Technology


• Superinsulated envelope

• Heat recovery ventilation

• Central wood pellet-fired mini-district system for heat and DHW

• Drainwater heat recovery

• Minimum of 3 uninterrupted south facing roofs for solar electricity forlighting and plug loads

Energy Solution Concepts


Ground Floor Plan


Second Floor Plan


Third Floor Plan


Section


Schematic Model


SC-Proposed site in context of Campus Landscape Master Plan


SC-Davis Village site plan


SC-Davis Village view east- BEFORE


SC-Davis Village view east- AFTER


SC-Davis Village view Northeast- BEFORE


SC-Davis Village view Northeast- AFTER


SC-Davis Village view south design sketch


Photo by Sam Coplon

SC-Davis Village- view south


Photo by John Rivers

SC-Man itʼs cold


Photo by John Rivers

Summer


Photo by Sam Coplon

Winter- Whereʼs Millard?


Photo by B rain Vanden B rink

Winter


WinterPhoto by B rain Vanden B rink


Homey Interiors with acoustic separationPhotos by John Rivers


SC- LEP and Infrastructure


•Underslab- 3” eps type IX rigid

•Walls- R 40, 12”double wall w/ densepack cellulose

•Windows- triple glazed fiberglasscasements or awnings

•Doors- Thermatru- nothing special

•Roof- 14” I-joist with cellulose, hot roof

•Airtightness goal- 1 ACH 50

Summary of Thermal Envelope components


Air Sealing drawings Air sealing drawing by Jesse Selman of C&H


Taped Exterior Sheathing


• Viessmann 150 kW (512 kBTU/hr) pellet boiler

•Brock silo for pellet storage (15 tons)

• Auger, de-ashing and cleaning system

• 425 gallon storage tank as thermal capacitance

• Two Viessmann condensing gas boilers 192 kBTU/hr each - providedheating prior to pellet boiler coming on line, provides redundancy,provides higher peak capacity for other buildings

Central Heating Plant


Boiler Building


District Heating System Diagram


Central Heating Plant- System Diagram & tank Drawing by Petersen Engineering


• Housing design load is 180 kBTU/hour

• Deering Commons, an adjacent DER, is 120 kBTU/hr

• Sea Fox, an adjacent un-renovated building, is 240 kBTU/hr presentlyyet could be DER’d to 120 kBTU/hr or less

• Pre-insulated and jacketed polyethylene piping was buried and carriesthe hot water to the buildings

• Pumps are variable speed

• In each of the six houses, there is a heat exchanger and storage tankfor DHW

• Hot water delivered to the housing is used directly for heating

Mini-district system


Pellet Boiler


• Heating load is about 8 BTU/sf-hr

• First floor is slab on grade so hydronic radiant floor was selected

• Two upper floors - ventilation CFM is roughly half of the CFM requiredfor heating, so heating is delivered via forced air

• Composter exhaust is about 40 CFM and is unbalanced

• Venmar 1.8HE HRV supplies about 150 CFM

• Each of the two upper floors has a separate heating coil in the ductwork, and the Fantech FG6 fan serves both

• Low air flows mean critical duct sealing and attention to balancing

Distribution inside each house


Hot water coils in ERVDrawing by Petersen Engineering


HRV

Filter and fan

Hydronic coils

Fresh air supply

Field layout


BIM for coordination of mechanical in tight spaces


It Fits…6 times!ProcessMel-Truth Serum


Air Tightness meeting- getting everyone on board


Air tightness standards & testing


Blower Door Results from Final Testing

College of Atlantic, Davis Student Housing

15-Dec-08

Conducted by Evergreen Home Performance: Richard Riegel Burbank, Test Manager

Building East Wing Middle West Wing Total

Averages for

Testing

Round

Deduct Correction Factor

of 82.5 Pa with Closed

Mechanical Vents

Inner North : First Round of Testing (Ventilation intake and exhaust open, composting toilet vent open, A few windows were not fully closed)

423 218 435.5 1076.5

408 250.5 440 1098.5

395.5 272.5 436 1104

392.5 275 444 1111.5

396.5 278 442.5 1117

392.5 278 436 1106.5

390.5 277.5 435.5 1103.5

400 241.5 554 1195.5

0 1114.125 1031.625

Inner North: Second Round of Testing (Vent intakes/exhaust/composting toilet sealed, a few windows were closed better)

378.5 160 300 838.5

369.5 156 296 821.5

368.5 155 293 816.5

370.5 167 306.5 844

370 166.5 302 838.5

372 163.5 302 837.5

832.8 832.8

Inner North: Third Round of Testing (Building in same condition as second round except intakes and exhausts are opened and compost vents reconnected)

420 151.5 346 917.5

419.5 149.5 358 927

422 145 351 918

415 142 350 907

419.5 144.5 347 911

419 145.5 348 912.5

915.5 833

Final Test Results

Initial Test at taped plywood- 593 cfm50, then up.. Then down…1 Air Change per Hour at 50 pascals in a 65,000 cubic feet volume is calculated:1 ACH 50 = 65,000 cf / 60 minutes = 1,083 cfmFinal test was 833 cfm50 or 0.77 ACH 50 (Energy Star is 5.0 ACH 50)


Metering-simplicity with humans in each house

Btu meter

Ventilation Control Electric Meter Total Water Meter

Hot Water Meter Thermostat


Meter collections per building


Some data from master SS

-Water

- DHW

- Electricity

Can you have someone in your office extract this from the SS forone year? Good to have water and DHW in gallons/person/day.Good to have electricity in kWh/person/day and kWh/sf/yr

Data variations by house


• HDD65s in Bar Harbor 2009 plus Jan/Feb 2010 = 10,299

• Pellets used = 50 tons = 820 MMBTU

• Energy delivered to the system 75% efficiency = 615 MMBTU

• Propane used = none (or a wee bit)

• DHW estimate = 63 MMBTU, 84 MMBTU at the boiler

• Energy for heating and to the ground = 552 MMBTU

• Ft2 heated = 7,500 + 19,500 = 27,000 ft2

• BTU/ft2/HDD = 2.0 at the building; 2.65 at the boiler

Heating energy usage ESTIMATE!


Total energy usage ESTIMATE!

Total electricity usemeasured at eachbuilding meter

52, 919 kwh/ year9.2 kbtu/sf/year

Heating energy- 50tons per year is 820 MMBtuAssuming equal use between Housing and DeeringHousing is 72% of the total area of 27,000 sf

Pellet use is 590 MMbtu at 19,500 sf is 30.2 kbtu/sf/year

Total site energy is 39.4 kbtu/sf/year

Good, but not great. Goal is 25.


Hobos-outside temp

Some data from hoboes

-Temps seem high- RHs are high - need to look carefully at what’s going on - is fresh air getting to BRs and stale air being exhausted?


Hobos-one bedroom- GIVEN CONTROL


Updated information for Winter 2011

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