1 Challenge the future

Zero EZE The sustainable future of general aviation

2 Challenge the future

Thrust

Producer

3 Challenge the future

Type Energy /

Weight

(Wh/kg)

Energy

Density

(MJ/kg)

Energy/

Size

(Wh/L)

Power/

weight

(W/kg)

Recharge

Efficiency

(%)

Ni Cd 60 0.2 150 150 80

Lead Acid 40 0.14 75 180 40

Ni Metal Hyd 80 0.28 300 1000 80

Lithium-ion 160 0.58 360 350 90

Lithium-Sulphur 600 2 350 − 80

Kerosene 12000 43 9000 No Limit −

Hydrogen 33000 120 2500 No Limit −

4 Challenge the future

Zero EZE Assignment

Hybrid propelled

Based on the Long EZ

Due in 2020

5 Challenge the future

Zero EZE Design trade-off

Batteries

+

Piston engine

Fuel cell

+

Piston engine

Typical hybrid

system

Lower

emissions

Lower

emissions

Better than

batteries

Fuel cell

+

Piston engine

Zero

emissions

6 Challenge the future

Zero EZE

2 H2 + O2 2 H2O

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

7 Challenge the future

Zero EZE PEM Fuel Cell Safety

Electrolyte: a polymer electrolyte in the form of a thin, permeable sheet. Efficiency: is about 40 to 50% Operating temperature: about 80 degrees C (about 175 degrees F). Cell outputs: range from 50 to 250 kW. The solid, flexible electrolyte will not leak or crack, and these cells operate at a low enough temperature to make them suitable for homes and cars. But their fuels must be purified, and a platinum catalyst is used on both sides of the membrane, raising costs

8 Challenge the future

Zero EZE Design trade-off

Why has this not been used before?

9 Challenge the future

Zero EZE PEM Fuel Cell Cost

10 Challenge the future

Zero EZE

Internal Layout Propulsion

11 Challenge the future

Zero EZE

Hydrogen Storage Tanks

12 Challenge the future

Zero EZE Internal Layout

13 Challenge the future

Zero EZE

• Fuel Cell System

• Cockpit

• Landing Gear

• Ballistic Chute

• Luggage

Internal Layout

14 Challenge the future

Zero EZE

External Layout Aerodynamics

Structures

15 Challenge the future

Zero EZE

How to make it fly?

16 Challenge the future

Zero EZE

Fuselage

• Low-drag body

Main Wing

• Natural Laminar Flow airfoil

• Sweep angle

• Aspect ratio

Aerodynamics

17 Challenge the future

Zero EZE

Canard

• Vertical position

Winglets

• Blended winglets

• Vertical tail function

Stability

• Stable Eigenmotions

Aerodynamics

18 Challenge the future

Zero EZE

Aerodynamics

Efficiency

Noise

Far Field 61 dB

84.9 % 88.6 %

Propeller & Shroud

19 Challenge the future

Zero EZE Structures

Wing • Sandwich structure • Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer

Fuselage • Advanced Grid Stiffened Structure

• Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer • Filament winding

20 Challenge the future

Zero EZE Structures

Finite Element analysis in Patran/Nastran

Fuselage

Wing

21 Challenge the future

Zero EZE

Conclusion Performance

Range

Cost

22 Challenge the future

Zero EZE

Performance

Cruise speed 308 km/h

Maximum speed 370 km/h

Take-off distance 490 m

23 Challenge the future

Zero EZE Range

760km Optimum range

1320km Max range

24 Challenge the future

Zero EZE

• 100 aircraft/year

Cost Estimation and Breakdown

Cost allocation Cost

Research, Development, Test and Evaluation € 20,000

Production € 410,000

Profit € 40,000

Total Purchase Price € 470,000

25 Challenge the future

Zero EZE

With cruise speed of 308 km/h, a range of 760 km can be

achieved, meanwhile producing zero emissions.

Conclusion

But wait, there is more!

Dublin Monaco Milan

Rotterdam

Fuel costs € 45 ,-

26 Challenge the future

Zero EZE Historical note

27 Challenge the future

Zero EZE Another problem

28 Challenge the future

Zero EZE Prospering economy

Economy that is not dependent on oil How does this relate to this project?

29 Challenge the future

Zero EZE

30 Challenge the future

Questions?