zentralanstalt für meteorologie und geodynamik design of the new austrian meteorological network...

Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik

DESIGN OF THE NEW AUSTRIAN DESIGN OF THE NEW AUSTRIAN

METEOROLOGICAL NETWORKMETEOROLOGICAL NETWORK

Ernest RudelZentralanstalt für Meteorologie und GeodynamikHohe Warte 38, 1190 WienTel.: +43 1 36026 2201, Fax: +43 1 36026 72E-Mail: [email protected]


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Outline

Historical Overview

The New AWS Concept

Technical specifications

Future developments


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Short view of meteorological measurements in Austria

1768: Regular measurements and observations in the monastery of Kremsmuenster

1851: Foundation of ZAMG: establishment of a meteorological observation system

1865: First issue of a daily weather chart 1981: First AWS in operation (local storing, transmission via

telephone) 1991: Network of all AWS via leased telephone lines 1992: AWS generate automatically hourly Synopmessages 2005: 150 AWS, 100 conventional stations 2005: Start of the project: AWS_new

Reason: difficulties in guaranteeing the renewal of the spare parts, an increasingly old technology

2008: 250 AWS in operation


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Concept of AWS_new

to shut down all manually operated classical climatic stations

to substitute all the AWS of the “old” generation with

“new” ones (AWS_new)

to increase the network of AWS up to 250 stations

to improve the sensor equipment

to implement the new network 2007 and 2008


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Why shut down all the conventional stations?

Increasing temporary coverage Providing data from data sparse areas where human

observations are not practical Providing data continuously at frequent intervals and for any

observation time Eliminating the subjectivity in manual observations Reflecting the requirements of all users of near real time

synoptic data Supporting the trends to reducing model grid scale and the

need for more observations to be available in shorter timescales

an alleged potential to reduce costs


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Purposes of a National Meteorological Network

data for quick and simple international exchange data for weather prediction: Supporting the trends to reducing model

grid scale and the need for more observations to be available in shorter timescales

severe weather warning is the cornerstone of the ZAMG mission, requiring an appropriate and sustained infrastructure, requiring continuous improvement of the associated forecasts

prevention and mitigation of natural disasters through early warning and vulnerability assessment

weather-related hazards (e.g. storms, flooding e.g. by rivers, drought, heat waves, persisting hot weather, cold spells)

risk impacted by weather (e.g. transport, dispersion and deposition of radioactive or chemical pollutants)

weather sensitive segments of the economy (e.g. transport, aviation, energy and other utilities, agriculture, insurance or food industries)

requirements to deliver innovative services, especially in relation to civil security, but also regarding climate change and public health (chemical weather forecasting)


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Purposes of a National Meteorological Network (cont.)

Data for climate analysis and climate monitoring High quality, well-calibrated long-term observations and

measurements of a variety of climate elements are critical to the detection and prediction of climate variability and change, including trends due to human activities (urbanization, deforestation, etc)

expertise use (courts, assurance companies, regulations, standards, ...) reflecting the requirements of all users of near real time synoptic

and of offline climate data


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Demands on a national Meteorological Network must be assessed

to assess the impact of the new system to existing systems to take care of all WMO standards to follow the demands and need of the EUMETNET observation

network to maintain the operation of historically-uninterrupted stations and

observing systems to facilitate access, use and interpretation of data and derived

products adequate national spatial distribution data in more population dense areas (greater demand for data) data from important traffic routes data from areas with pronounced minimum and maximum values areas with distinctive gradients continuity (Long time measurements on the same site) unifying the quality checks and derived values Standardising the entire dataflow and information systems


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Additional needs of an improved National Meteorological Network

increasing temporary and area coverage transmitting precipitation data (minute data) every 5 minutes

instead of 10 minutes in the former system denser network in populated areas

providing data from data sparse areas where human observations are not practical or possible data from mountain peaks using web cameras additionally

providing data continuously at frequent intervals and for any observation time and ensure a reliable data transmission also in case of public emergency, a. secure transfer protocol with subcarrier transmission on

analogue telephone lines

b. standard GSM link (hourly data)

c. satellite connection (25% of all the stations)


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Additional needs of an improved National Meteorological Network (cont.)

eliminating the subjectivity in manual observations. With universal interfaces between sensor and bus system the AWS can operate arbitrarily sensor systems with different signal output (digital, analogue or digital telegram) e.g. connection of PW, snow depth, ceilometers, etc. without

modification of the system

to choose station sites with the possibility to have a local technical support and additionally to have also a meteorological observer


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AWS _ old

Disadvantage: sometimes the senso-cable are very long

Sensor 1 Sensor 2 Sensor 3

Data Transmission

Central Unit Power Supply Data Processing

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AWS _ new

BusInterface

BusInterface

Sensor 1 Sensor 2 Sensor 3

Data Transmission

Central Unit Power Supply Data Processing

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data trans bus


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Sketch of data flow

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TUS

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WAN

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Station TUS Telemetric Security System WAN Wide Area Network RC Regional Center DB Data Base


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Network AWS_new


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AWS

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<250

251-50

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501-75

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751-10

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1001-1250

1251-1500

1501-1750

1751-2000

2001-2500

2501-3000

>3000

Relative distribution of area, population and AWS (%)

area

population

AWS 2009


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Conclusions

the upgrade and the extension of the automatic weather stations network in Austria ensures a quantitative and a qualitative improvement of the measurement of meteorological parameters .

the network of 250 AWS ensures a medium representativeness of approx. 320 km² (18x18km).

The increase of the temporal resolution of the measurement data in real time is required by different users of meteorological data (synop, climate, environment, economy, legal aspects) and especially for inputs in local area numerical models (ALADIN, ALARO, etc.)

the standardization of the network would make it possible to optimize the operational aspects by decreasing the costs of operation.


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Future outlook

change old sensor types e.g. hair hygrometer with dew point measurements

add sensors e.g. PW, visibility, ceilometers, snow depth, etc

additional stations in climate or environmental sensitive areas to upgrade the design of the network always on the

knowledge of coordination and development of the meteorological infrastructure

to enhance the expertise on weather, climate, water and the related environment and to act as major contributors to: The safety and well being of people Sustainable development; and Environmental protection


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Thank you for your attention!

zentralanstalt für meteorologie und geodynamik design of the new austrian meteorological network...

Documents

data data

network of aws

precipitation data minute

interpretation of data

new network

data sparse areas

offline climate data

practical providing