zandrea ambrose, ph.d . division of infectious diseases ,
DESCRIPTION
“ Towards an HIV Cure ” Pre -Conference Symposium 20 & 21 July 2012. Viral Tissue Reservoirs Are Determined Early and Little Viral RNA Is Detected during Suppression in the Macaque Model. Zandrea Ambrose, Ph.D . Division of Infectious Diseases , - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Viral Tissue Reservoirs Are Determined Early and Little Viral
RNA Is Detected during Suppression in the
Macaque ModelZandrea Ambrose, Ph.D.
Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
“Towards an HIV Cure” Pre-Conference Symposium20 & 21 July 2012
• infection, pathogenesis and immunity can be similar to that of HIV-infected humans
• procedures can be performed more easily and/or ethically than in humans• removal of vital organs at necropsy• acquisition of longitudinal samples • changing/testing novel treatment regimens
• model can be controlled in a way that humans cannot• known infecting virus, timing, and route of infection• known treatment adherence, past regimens, and timing of
treatments• scheduled blood and tissue sampling
Macaque Models of HIV/AIDS
HIV-1 Does Not Replicate Well in Monkeys
HIV-1
SIVLTRLTR gag
PRenv
vif
vpx vpr
revtat nefRT IN
LTRLTR gagPR
env
vif
vpr vpu
revtat nefRT IN
RT-SHIVLTRLTR gag
PRenv
vif
vpx vpr
revtat nefINRT
Study Objectives
• Determine which tissues harbor viral DNA that could contribute to the reservoir• How early are these reservoirs established?• Are the levels different after suppressive therapy?
• Determine which tissues contain viral RNA• Are multiple sites contributing to viremia in untreated
animals?• Is there detectable viral RNA in the tissues of ART-
suppressed animals?
RT-SHIV Plasma Viremia
Therapy
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35Weeks post-challenge
Vira
l RN
A co
pies
/ml p
lasm
a (lo
g)
PT8272PT8030GN19GG45GV08GV40
TNV/FTC/EFV
TNV/FTC/EFV/L-870812
Therapy
No Therapy
RT-SHIV gag DNA vs. Host Cell DNA (CCR5)
Viral DNA is Mainly in Lymphoid and Gut Tissues
gag DNA copies/106 CCR5 DNA copies in each tissue
1
10
100
1000
10000
10000 100000 1000000 10000000
Week 1 Plasma Viral Load
Lym
phoi
d Ti
ssue
vD
NA
(nor
mal
ized
to 1
06 CC
R5)
0.996p < 0.0001
Week 1 Plasma Viremia Correlates with Lymphoid Viral DNA Levels
Untreated ART-Treated
RT-SHIV gag DNA copies in PBMC
Little Viral RNA Detected in Tissues of Suppressed Animals
gag RNA copies/106 CD4 RNA copies in each tissue
PBMC Viral RNA Level is not Reflective of Plasma Viremia or Most Tissues
6760
8433
8232
GT29GR65
8272
8030
GN19GG45
GV08GV40
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000PBMCPlasma
vRN
A (p
er 1
0^5
cells
or m
l pla
sma)
6760
8433
8232
GT29GR65
8272
8030
GN19GG45
GV08GV40
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000PBMCPlasma
vRN
A (p
er 1
0^5
cells
or m
l pla
sma)
Untreated ART-Treated Untreated ART-Treated
Week 1/2 Week 28/30
• Viral DNA is detected in many tissues and PBMC of untreated and ART-treated macaques- < 4% of viral DNA from 2-LTR circles
• Levels of viral DNA in lymphoid tissues correlated with week 1 plasma viremia- reservoir size is established early after infection
• Tissue viral RNA levels were lower and less frequent in ART-treated macaques- No replication-competent virus was detected in LN resting
CD4+ T cells of ART-treated animals treated with 4 (< 0.5 IUPM)
• Viral RNA levels in PBMC were not consistent with treatment or plasma viremia
Conclusions
AcknowledgementsUniversity of Pittsburgh
Chris KlineJean NdjomouTamera Franks
John Mellors
AIDS & Cancer Virus Program, NCIJeff LifsonJake Estes
Mike Piatak, Jr.Jeremy Smedley
Vicky CoalterRebecca Kiser
MerckDaria HazudaJulio Quintero
Gilead SciencesNorbert Bischofberger
Detection of Replication-Competent Virus from Lymph Node CD4+
Lymphocytes
R2 = 0.997
CCR5 Standard Curve
R2 = 0.987
gag Standard Curve
RT-SHIV gag DNA vs. Host Cell DNA (CCR5)