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Creative Solutions for our Environment
Your Name Veolia Water North America
June 2010
Evaluation of Actiflo® Carb Process for the Combined Removal of Trace Organic Compounds and Phosphorous during Wastewater Tertiary Treatment
Ronan Tréguer, Ben Blair, Rebecca Klaper, Scott Royer, Chris Magruder
WEFTEC, New Orleans - Technical Session 103
Wednesday, October 3rd
Background of the project
Organization of the project
Description of the pilot unit and testing plan
Results
Conclusion
Presentation outline
Background of the project
Organization of the project
Description of the pilot unit and testing plan
Results
Conclusion
Presentation outline
Problems with trace organics
Increasing concerns (across the US and worldwide) on the impact of Trace Organic Compounds (TOrCs)
– Antibiotics
– Antidepressants
– Anticonvulsants
– Antihistamines
– Beta-blockers
– Contraceptives
– etc…
On the environment, wildlife and ultimately drinking water resources
Need to evaluate reliable wide-range removal processes
Background of the project
Follow-up of a previous project
Follow-up on the R&D project performed with Dr. Klaper (UWM School of Freshwater Sciences) on the occurrence of TOrCs in South Shore WRF and the environment
Background of the project
Discharge
(g/day)
Discharge
(lbs/year)
Caffeine 4700 3800
Acetaminophen 1300 1000
Paraxanthine 1300 1000
Naproxen 1100 880
Sulfamethoxazole 340 270
Sulfanilamide 320 260
Ofloxacin 280 220
Trimethoprim 250 200
Triclosan 240 190
Diltiazem 210 170
Ampicillin 200 160
Follow-up of a previous project
Follow-up on the R&D project performed with Dr. Klaper (UWM School of Freshwater Sciences) on the occurrence of TOrCs in South Shore WRF and the environment
Background of the project
Increasing concern on the Phosphorus discharge limits
Impact of nutrient discharges on the environment (eutrophication and subsequent issues)
Trend to decrease the regulatory limits of phosphorus (across the US and worldwide) in the wastewater effluent discharge
Background of the project
Background of the project
Organization of the project
Description of the pilot unit and testing plan
Results
Conclusion
Presentation outline
Participation to a WERF project
Trace Organic Compounds Removal during Wastewater Treatment - Categorizing Wastewater Treatment Processes by their Efficacy in Reduction of a Suite of Indicator TOrCs
Collaboration in Milwaukee
Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District
Veolia Water North America
Univ. Wisconsin – Milwaukee (School of Freshwater Sciences)
Pilot unit from Kruger Inc. (Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies)
Project following a collaboration with Dr. Rebecca Klaper (UW-Milwaukee)
Regarding the occurrence of pharmaceuticals within a MMSD’s wastewater treatment plant
Organization of the project
Background of the project
Organization of the project
Description of the pilot unit and testing plan
• The objectives and expectations
• The targeted TOrCs
• The Actiflo® Carb
• The testing site
Results
Conclusion
Presentation outline
Pilot-scale tests
Pilot trailer unit, 200 gpm (288,000 gpd)
Evaluation of P removal and efficiency towards TOrCs
Two periods of pilot tests (April, summer)
Trace Organic Compounds
Short list of 10 compounds, selected following a previous project with Dr. Klaper (antibiotics, antiepileptic, antidiabetic, caffeine…)
Two levels of concentrations
Two levels of PAC dosages
P removal
Achieve consistent removal down to 0.05 mgP/L (The current permit limit is 1.0 mgP/L)
Objectives and expectations
Listing of the selected TrOCs
Compound TypeCommon
names
Average [TOrC]
observed in plant
effluent (ng/L) by
R. Klaper
Target [TOrC] in
Actiflo® Carb
influent (ng/L)
Carbamazepine Anti-epilepticTegretol®,
Carbatrol®200 300
FluoxetineAnti-
depressant
Prozac®,
Sarafem®100 300
Trimethoprim AntibioticTrimpex®,
Proloprim®100 300
Sulfamethoxazole Antibiotic Gantanol® 150 300
Ofloxacin Antibiotic Floxin® 150 300
DiltiazemAnti-
hypertension
Cardizem®,
Dilacor®100 300
Diphenhydramine Anti-histaminic Benadryl® 100 300
Triclosan Biocide Sanitizers 100 300
NaproxenAnti-
inflammatory
Naprosyn®,
Aleve®300 500
Caffeine Tracer stimulant 1,500 2,000
Combination of several technologies
Sedimentation rate of up to 80 m/h (32 gpm/ft2) for Actiflo
Case of a 70 MGD facility:
– Actiflo® footprint: 1,520 ft2
– Conventional (flat-bottom) settling basins footprint: 81,000 ft2
First, a few words on the Actiflo®…
Actiflo®
Addition of powdered activated carbon recirculation…
Then, what is Actiflo® Carb?
• 1 = Fresh PAC Addition• 2 = Contact time with fresh and recycled PAC• 3 = Coagulant Addition and Floc Formation• 4 = Polymer and sand addition plus Turbomix mixing • 5 = Rapid Settling and Material Recirculation• 6 = Separation with Hydrocyclone• 7 = PAC recirculation
1
2
3 4
5
67
Actiflo® Carb
The South Shore Water Reclamation Facility
Owned by MMSD
Operated by Veolia Water
12 miles south of Milwaukee
300 MGD max. capacity
70 MGD base flow
The pilot site…
The pilot site…
And inside the pilot trailer
And the process…
Actiflo® Carb – Operational parameters
Operational parameters Values Units
Influent flow rate 75 – 95 gpm
System HRT 27 – 34 min
Rise rate 34 – 41 m/h
Residuals concentration 8 to 11 g/L
PAC dosage 10 – 20 mg/L
Coagulant type Ferric chloride -
Coagulant dosage (as Fe) 7 to 12 mg/L
Polymer dosage 1.5 to 3.2 mg/L
Microsand effective size 82 µm
Microsand concentration 14 to 16 g/L
Background of the project
Organization of the project
Description of the pilot unit and testing plan
Results
Conclusion
Presentation outline
Selection of activated carbon (AC)
Approach
Comparison of wood and coconut-based ACs
Batch tests with the TOrCs of interest at different dosages and contact times
� Selection of the wood-based carbon (physically activated, surface area ~1100 m2/g)
TOrCs removal
Removal rates per molecule
TOrCs removal
Average removal, across all compounds, independently of treatment conditions: 75%
PAC dosage
Higher removals with higher dosage
10 mg/L: 68% removal across all compounds
20 mg/L: 8 compounds out of 10 removed above 75%
No influence of the rise rate on the performance
Overall, order of performance:
Diltiazem > Trimethoprim > Triclosan > Diphenhydramine > Carbamazepine > Ofloxacin > Sulfamethoxazole > Fluoxetine > Caffeine > Naproxen.
Phosphorus removalIn the case of Actiflo® Carb
0
5
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0,00
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Fe/
P r
atio
TP
(m
g/L
)
Influent TP Effluent TP Fe/P ratio
0,0
5,0
10,0
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Fe/
P
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TP
(m
g/L)
Phosphorus removalIn the case of Actiflo® only (no activated carbon)
0
5
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0,00
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Fe/
P r
atio
TP
(m
g/L
)Influent TP Effluent TP Fe/P ratio
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0
12,0
14,0
16,0
18,0
0 5 10 15 20
Fe/
P
0,00
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0 5 10 15 20
TP
(m
g/L
)
Phosphorus removal
With Actiflo® Carb
Concentrations between 0.02 and 0.05 mgP/L consistently achieved in the effluent
Coagulant dosages from 7 to 12 mg/L
With molar ratio (Fe / P) between 7 and 17
As a comparison, with the conventional SSWRF process:
Average influent P: 3.75 mgP/L
Final effluent P averaging 0.47 mgP/L, with an associated average molar ratio (Fe / P) of 1.6
Background of the project
Organization of the project
Description of the pilot unit and testing plan
Results
Conclusion
Presentation outline
Conclusion
Actiflo® Carb performance
Removal of phosphorus to a consistent level of 0.05 mg/L or below
Removal of a series of Trace Organic Compounds at very significant rates
10 mg/L of PAC : average removal of 68 % across the selected TOrCs
20 mg/L of PAC : average removal of 83 %
Ability to provide effective tertiary treatment barrier for multiple contaminants targets
Operational aspects
Ability to start and stop within ½ hour
Small footprint of the process for retrofitting into tight plant sites
Reasonable costs (dependent on the polymer and carbon dosages)
Thanks…
Any questions?