yivo hshgu, hshgu, · pdf filenobel laureate imre kertész and israeli-born architect...

Is anti-Zionism a new form of the old anti-Semitism? Is the

Vatican anti-Jewish? Who isideologically responsible for thethousands of anti-Semitic acts inEurope over the past two years?These are a few of the questions that drew 36 top-level scholars,writers, public intellectuals andJewish leaders from a dozencountries to YIVO for a four-dayinternational conference on anti-Semitism in the West.

The nine panels of the land-mark May 11-14 conference, ti-tled “Old Demons,New Debates:Anti-Semitism in the West,”were sold o The auditorium the

sessions were simulcast to theoverflow crowd in the adjacentGreat Hall.

“It is outrageous that we are still discussing this foul subject,”remarked Leon Wieseltier, litera-ry editor of The New Republic,and one of the organizers of theconference. Yet, he cautioned

against alarmism and noted thatAmerican Jews, descendents of persecuted European Jews,count themselves as “theluckiest Jews who ever lived.”

At Y IVO’s annual banquet,Lifetime Achievement

Awards were bestowed uponHungarian Jewish author and

Nobel Laureate Imre Kertészand Israeli-born architect MosheSafdie. The 78th anniversarydinner, held on May 13 at NewYork’s Pierre Hotel, was at-tended by over 400 guests. Itraised nearly one million dollarsfor YIVO.

“This dinner was one of a kind.It was a great moment for YIVOand our supporters to have ImreKertész and Moshe Safdie receiveLifetime Achievement Awards,”noted Bruce Slovin, Chairman of the Board. “These men —each in his own field — havehelped to mold the world welive in today.”

YIVO Institute for Jewish Research

Chairman’s Message . . . .2 Executive Director . . . . . .3Development . . . . . . . . . . .4EPYC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Conference Excerpts . . . .9Exhibitions . . . . . . . . . . . .12YIVO Encyclopedia . . . . .14YIVO News . . . . . . . . . . .15Sutzkever Album . . . . . .16Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Max Weinreich Center .18Fellowships . . . . . . . . . . .19Uriel WeinreichSummer Program . . . . .20

YIVO in History . . . . . . . .21Archives . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22New Accessions . . . . . .23YIVO Donors . . . . . . . . . .28Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Yiddish Section . . . . .32-40

CONTENTS:

No. 196 / Summer 2003

Old Demons, New Debates

YIVO’s 4-day Conference on Anti-SemitismAttracts International Scholars and Intellectuals

Kertész and Safdie honored

Benefit Dinner Raises Nearly $1M

[continued on page 11]

YIVO hshgu, hshgu,pui hHuu†YIVO

NEWS

YIVO’s Lifetime Achievement Awardwinners, 2002 Nobel Prize-winningHungarian author Imre Kertész (L) andIsraeli-born architect Moshe Safdie.

Some of the luminaries who gathered for YIVO’s Conference, “Old Demons, New Debates: Anti-Semitism in the West.” (L-R) Conference advisor andliterary editor of The New Republic Leon Wieseltier; Canadian Member of Parliament and human rights lawyer Irwin Cotler; Iranian dissident authorAzar Nafisi; Henry Louis Gates, Jr., chair of Harvard’s Afro-American and African Studies Department; Deborah E. Lipstadt, director of JewishStudies at Emory University; Die Zeit publisher and editor Josef Joffe; and French historian and philosopher Alain Finkielkraut.


Is anti-Zionism a new form of the old anti-Semitism? Is the Vatican anti-Jewish? Who is

ideologically responsible for the thousands of anti-Semitic acts in Europe over the past twoyears? These are a few of the questions that drew36 top-level scholars, writers, public intellectualsand Jewish leaders from a dozen countries toYIVO for a four-day international conference onanti-Semitism in the West. The conference wassponsored by the David Berg Foundation, NashFamily Foundation, Open Society Institute, Nelson Peltz, Slovin Foundation, and other friends of YIVO.

The nine panels of the landmark May 11-14conference, titled “Old Demons,New Debates:Anti-Semitism in the West,” were sold out. Theauditorium of the Center for Jewish History,where YIVO is heaquartered, was filled, and the

As summer draws to a close Iam collecting my thoughts

while preparing for the future of YIVO. Our noble and variedhistory is daunting; and thisMay we returned to the YIVOtradition of debating importantissues in the Jewish communityby organizing Old Demons, NewDebates: Anti-Semitism in theWest, an international conferenceof scholars and public intellec-tuals held here at YIVO. Thisbrought us intothe public eyein ways thatwill continue tobenefit YIVOby showing itsrelevance intoday’s world.

Althoughmany of ourfriends who knew YIVO inEastern Europe are no longerwith us, we must continue torenew and recreate theenthusiasm of those early mem-bers. The conference was a stepin the right direction.

Enthusiasm, new ideas, inno-vative visions and creative plansall require us to reach out to theyoung, to our children, to ourco-workers, to our students, toour relatives and to our friends.

YIVO has begun this process.We have renewed our commit-ment to educating and trainingnew generations of students,teachers and parents throughprograms such as the Educa-tional Program on YiddishCulture (EPYC), which pre-mieres this September in highschools in New York City, Seattleand Israel. Excitement was unan-imous among the teachers whoparticipated in the inauguralEPYC teacher training seminarin June. The program will touchso many students and parents. It will produce a ripple effect ofinterest in YIVO and our history.I wish all of you could share my

pleasure withthis great ac-complishment.

Along withEPYC, TheYIVO Encyclo-pedia of Jews inEastern Europewill also help lay thegroundwork for our future.Through its vigorous scholar-ship, encompassing viewpointand attention to the details of

the massivehistory of Jew-ish life andculture inEastern Eu-rope. In scope,The YIVO Ency-clopedia willrepresent thebest YIVO has

to offer to current and futuregenerations. It will be a buildingblock of home, synagogue andinstitutional libraries. It willmake our complex history avail-able in an ultra-modern user-friendly form.

These two projects, along withour many other activities, arewhat I like to call “the new faceof YIVO.” What is that newface? Partly, it is a stronger com-mitment to improving access toYIVO’s priceless Library andArchives collections. We willmake rare collections availablethrough the YIVO web site aspart of our effort to touch theentire world.

With all this in mind, I askeach and every reader of Yediesto be a part of the NEW YIVOand to encourage others to joinus financially and intellectually.Please come and visit YIVO;then you will better understandmy excitement and pride. Withyour support YIVO will be astrong, vibrant organization foranother 80 years.

2

YIVO NewsFounded in 1925 in Vilna, Poland, as theYiddish Scientific Institute and headquarteredin New York since 1940, YIVO is devoted to the history, society and culture of AshkenazicJewry and to the influence of that culture as itdeveloped in the Americas. Today, YIVO standsas the preeminent center for East EuropeanJewish Studies; Yiddish language, literatureand folklore; and the study of the AmericanJewish immigrant experience.

A founding partner of the Center for JewishHistory, YIVO holds the following constituentmemberships: • American Historical Association •Association for Jewish Studies • Association of Jewish Libraries • Council of Archives andResearch Libraries in Jewish Studies • Societyof American Archivists and • World Congress of Jewish Studies.

Chairman of the Board: Bruce Slovin

Executive Director: Carl J. Rheins

Director of Development and External Affairs: Ella Levine

Director of Finance and Administration: Andrew J. Demers

Dean of the Library and Senior Research Librarian: Brad Sabin Hill

Chief Archivist: Fruma Mohrer

Head Librarian: Aviva Astrinsky

Associate Dean of the Max Weinreich Center/Yiddish Editor: Hershl Glasser

Editor: Elise Fischer

Production Editors:Jerry Cheslow, Michele Alperin

ContributorsAdina Cimet, Julie Draskoczy, Krysia Fisher, ShaindelFogelman, Michael Glickman, Marilyn Goldfried, Leo Greenbaum, Fern Kant, Erica Blankstein Kaplan, Solomon Krystal, Yeshaya Metal, Chana Mlotek, AllanNadler, Majus Nowogrodzki, Yankl Salant, CharlesSimon and Lorin Sklamberg

15 West 16th StreetNew York, NY 10011-6301

Phone: (212) 246-6080 Fax: (212) 292-1892

www.yivo.orge-mail to Yedies: [email protected]

YIVO News Summer 2003

Bruce Slovin

From the Chairman of the Board

Bringing History to Life

“Enthusiasm, new ideas,innovative visions andcreative plans all requireus to reach out to theyoung.”

These remarks were delivered before the opening plenarysession of YIVO’s "Old Demons, New Debates: Anti-Semitism in the West: An International Conference"held at YIVO from May 11 to May 14, 2003.

Throughout its history in interwar Europe,YIVO was often caught up in the fierce

competition” among the varied political move-ments of the day. In the 1920s, the Institute’sposition was to foster communal engagement andto pursue work of contemporary relevance “with-out aligning itself with a specific political camp,which it feared would compromise its intellectualintegrity.”1

Still, among YIVO’s earlyleaders and supporters, whoincluded Albert Einstein, Sig-mund Freud, and GermanSocial Democratic leaderEduard Bernstein, “therewere two distinct — anddiametrically opposed — opinions on thedesirability of political engagement. Neither camp succeeded in imposing its program and the Institute proceeded along a middle ground,addressing politically charged issues whilekeeping open political advocacy at arm’s length.”2

While Dr. Max Weinreich, YIVO’s founder andlongtime Director of Research, urged his col-leagues to stay outside of the political struggles of the day, by the 1930s, with Fascism on the rise,YIVO shifted its focus from literary concerns tothe social sciences, while simultaneously con-fronting the danger of native and foreign anti-Semitism. Weinreich urged the need for a collec-tive and interdisciplinary approach with research-ers in different fields working together to bringvarying perspectives to bear on a common problem.

In 1938, three years before the Nazis would oc-cupy Vilna, Weinreich wrote, “Our goal is to helpour people in the difficult struggle for its very ex-istence with the weapons of understanding andknowledge.”3

Based on the available records, it appears that by1939 none of YIVO’s leaders continued to arguefor YIVO to remain solely a bastion of dispas-

sionate scholarship. Rather, the leadershipaccepted the premise that the Institute should“serve the folk” by doing work of widespreadrelevance.

These commitments were carried over to theUnited States when, at the outbreak of World WarII, the center of the YIVO was transferred to NewYork City. In the very first issue of Yedies fun YIVO(September 1943) Weinreich wrote, “The YIVO has become a meeting place for those intellectualswho have preferred to seek knowledge throughresearch rather than to accept preconceived ideasat their face value. Its work is a means of givingthe Jew the opportunity to acquire self-knowledge

and of providing the Jewishpeople with new implementsin the struggle for survival.”

On January 5, 1945, withseveral of the major concen-tration camps already liber-ated, 1,400 persons attended

the opening session of the YIVO Annual Con-ference, which was held in the Hunter CollegeAssembly Hall in Manhattan. In this openingsession, Max Weinreich read from a paper entitled“The YIVO Faces the Post-War World”:

The YIVO is ready to do its share, it wantsto elucidate and strengthen the fundamen-tal unity of the Jewish people in all times.It seeks to aid American Jewry in under-standing the Jewish situation and utilizingit to the advantage of the group and thenation as a whole.4

The underlying premise of this conference is that an understanding of the worldwide revival of anti-Semitism is a pre-condition to effectivelycombating it. To that end, 36 scholars, public intel-lectuals, and community leaders from Israel, Eng-land, Mexico, France, Germany, Poland, Holland,Iran, Canada and the United States have cometogether to participate in the most ambitiousrounds of discussions yet organized in NorthAmerica on the resurgence of Jew-hatred.

It is in this spirit that I am honored to open thisinternational conference, “Old Demons, NewDebates: Anti-Semitism in the West,” YIVO’s firstmajor international conference since 1935.

From the Executive Director

“Old Demons: New Debates”

3

Dr. Carl J. Rheins

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“

“YIVO is ready to do its share…to elucidate and strengthenfundamental unity of theJewish people in all times.”

1 Cecile E. Kuznitz, “The Origins of Yiddish Scholarship and the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research,” (unpublished doctoraldissertation), Stanford University, 2000, p. 205.2 Ibid, p. 207.3 Ibid, pp. 264-269.4 Dr. Max Weinreich, as quoted in “YIVO Conference Outlines Broad Program,” News of the YIVO/Yedies fun YIVO, No. 7: February 1945, p. 1.

Returning from YIVO’s 2003 Heritage Missionin June, I felt inspired and hopeful. Contem-

plating how Jewish life was so brutally erased and how the Jewish communities in Moscow andthe Baltic republics are being reborn, underscoredthe importance of our work and its relevance tocontemporary Jewish life.

While we cannot ignore the lost world, we alsomust witness and nourish the Jewish future, whichincludes knowledge and affection for Hebrew and Jewish traditions. As Dr. Evgeny Satanovsky,Chairman of the Moscow Jewish community,pointed out, “The re-creation of Yidishkayt hasbecome the new way of life in the cradle of EastEuropean Yiddish culture. The remaining Jews are committed to rebuilding Jewish life in theircountries of origin.”

As the Jews of Russia and the Baltics reconnectwith their glorious past and find energy andcreativity in their roots, so too, do we. YIVO ismore than an archival resource center for EastEuropean culture; it seeks to enliven our heritageby making the traditions and teachings of the pastrelevant in today’s world. In so doing we honorpeople who engage in similar pursuits.

Here, I refer to the 2003 honorees at the Inter-national Women’s Division Luncheon who areensuring our culture’s vibrancy and vitality.Despite their different backgrounds, commitmentsand myriad activities, each has demonstrated awill to support and preserve our culture. Ourrecipients — Ruth Gruber (Lifetime AchievementAward), Vera Stern (Vilna Award), Jacob Waisbordand Myra Treitel (Me’dor Le’dor Award) andBernice P. Slutzman (Goldene Keyt Award) — are a very distinguished and committed group,complemented by guest speaker Mimi Sheraton.

Regardless of our roots, the cultural milieu inwhich we were raised, our level of assimilationand cosmopolitanism, something unites us. How-ever, as the past becomes more distant, prewarJewish life in Eastern Europe is fading into stories,repeated from generation to generation. We arelosing touch with the reality behind those stories.

Imre Kertész, one of this year’s Lifetime Achieve-ment Award honorees at our 78th AnniversaryCelebration, brings our history to life in hiswriting. He ensures that our culture will beavailable for future generations to study andreflect upon. Moshe Safdie, also the recipient ofthe Lifetime Achievement Award, uses architec-ture to shape the spaces in which people live inthe United States, Israel, Canada and Europe. Bothof these prodigious and creative artists represent

the aspects of Jewish culture andhistory that we so greatly cherish.

Our honorees at both events areinspirations to us who want topreserve and enrich our culture.To accomplish this, we must in-spire other generations. The commitment tocontinuity is best expressed through YIVO’s most ambitious projects: The YIVO Encyclopediaand EPYC, the Educational Program on YiddishCulture, to be introduced to Jewish and non-Jewish high schools in September, 2003. Perhapsthis is YIVO’s most important mission.


Ella Levine

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Inspiring Future Generationsby Ella Levine, Director of Development and External Affairs

YIVO Institute for Jewish Research15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011-6301

I want to help YIVO preserve our Jewish heritage.

$54 – You will receive the YIVO newsletter, Yedies, in Yiddish and English.

$100 – A set of postcards from YIVO’s collections.

$180 – A set of holiday cards from YIVO’scollections.

$360 – A new Yiddish recording.

$500 – A book from YIVO.

$1000 and more – A book from YlVO and a set

of YIVO holiday cards, and a listing in Yedies.

Other.

Enclosed is my contribution of $ .

Please charge my gift to:

AMEX VISA MasterCard Discover

Card No. Exp. Date

Signature

Please make checks payable to YIVO Institute forJewish Research. Your gift is tax deductible.

Name

Address

City/State/Zip

Telephone (h) (w)

Fax e-mail

Commitment to preserving the culture of EastEuropean Jews for future generations was the

message of the 3rd Annual International Women’sDivision Luncheon, held on May 18. The lunch-eon, entitled “A Heritage Journey — Me’dorLe’dor,” drew more than 160 people to the Centerfor Jewish History to honor Dr. Ruth Gruber, VeraStern, Jacob Waisbord, Myra Treitel and Bernice P.Slutzman. Chaired by Caren Constantiner and Co-chaired by Susan Oppenheim and Carol A. Stahl,members of the YIVO Leadership Forum, theluncheon was the most successful to date.

Gruber, recipient of the Lifetime AchievementAward, is best known for escorting 1,000 WorldWar II refugees from Europe to America in a co-vert mission for the Roosevelt administration,while serving as Special Assistant to Harold Ickes,the Secretary of the Interior. She is an acclaimedjournalist and author and was honored for her con-stant vigilance and dedication to Jewish culture.

Stern, recipient of the Vilna Award, has selflesslycommitted herself to the arts and to humanitariancauses. As president of the American-Israel Cul-tural Foundation (AICF) and throughout her 40years of leadership, she has engendered manyartistic innovations and successes. To honor her

Vilna roots, she works to preserve Vilna Yidishkaytand is committed to maintaining its culture. “To be honored by my friends is a special moment forme,” Stern noted, after an introduction by hergrandsons, Eytan and Noah.

Waisbord and Treitel (father-daughter), recipi-ents of the Me’dor Le’dor Award, exem-plify dedication and love for culture andhow it is shared between generations.“We are so pleased to be here. It is justwonderful to be honored together withmy father,” Myra Treitel said after shewas introduced by Stuart, one of hersons. “Jacob was an early member ofYIVO — his student card from Vilna,dated April 8, 1940, is reproduced on the back of each program.”

Similarly, Slutzman, recipient of theGoldene Keyt Award, and Vice Presidentof The New Cracow Friendship Society, credits herfather, Roman Weingarten, as her inspiration inkeeping alive the history and traditions of Jewsfrom Cracow. Weingarten spoke in brief remarksabout how proud he is of his daughter and of hercommitment to continuity.

Guest speaker Mimi Sheraton, acclaimed authorand food critic, entertained the crowd with storiesof her childhood and spoke about the role thatfood plays in all families. Sheraton discussed theFood as Roots series, of which she servesas Honorary Chair, as an “importantopportunity to use food to reconnect people to Jewish culture.”

YIVO’s 3rd Annual InternationalWomen’s Division Luncheon was held insupport of the Educational Program onYiddish Culture (EPYC), a comprehen-sive high school level curriculum set todebut in September of this year. (SeeEPYC story on page 7.)

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3rd Annual International Women’s Luncheon

Three Generations Celebrate Together

Honoree Vera Stern flanked by her grandsons Noah (L) andEytan Stern-Weber.

Bernice Slutzman with herfather, Roman Weingarten.

Eta Wrobel, Chair, and FanyaGottesfeld Heller, President, YIVO’s International Women’sDivision.

(L-R) Mark Treitel, Jacob Waisbord, Myra Treitel, Dr. HermanTreitel and Stuart Treitel.

(L-R) Susan Oppenheim, Mimi Sheraton, Carol Stahl andCaren Constantiner.

Myra Treitel glows when her father talks abouthis life in Europe and the United States. By

age 28 Jacob Waisbord had made his way fromWarsaw to Vilna, across Siberia to Japan, and final-ly to Seattle, Washington, on March 31, 1941, al-ways one step ahead of the Nazis.

Waisbord continued on to New York City where,in January 1942, he married Adele Sukenik. Notyet a citizen and knowing very little English, Wais-bord was drafted into the United States Army, inwhich he served more than three years.

Returning to New York after the war, he workedas a linotype operator and proofreader, first for the Jewish Day and then for The Forward. An activemember of the printers’ union, he became treas-urer of the Yiddish Typographical Union. Later hewas elected treasurer of the Workmen’s Circle andwas a founder of its Ringelblum Branch, in whichhe still serves as financial secretary at age 89. Thebranch was named after Emmanuel Ringelblum,who had been Waisbord’s instructor in Left PoaleZion in Poland. Ringelblum, the Warsaw Ghettohistorian, encouraged people from all walks of lifeto write and tell of the treatment of Jews in theghetto as part of the "Oneg Shabbat" resistancegroup.

“Being a leader of the Left Poale Zion movementenabled his life to be saved,” Myra noted. “He hasnever stopped being an activist in his attempt to‘give back’ to the Jewish community at large.”

Waisbord’s connection to YIVO dates to his yearsin Europe, during which YIVO provided the op-portunity to study almost any topic in Yiddish. According to Myra, her father continues to sup-port YIVO because it is the only organization that

documents,preserves andteaches aboutthe lives of Jews of prewarEurope — livesthat stood forsocial justice,education, ac-cess to oppor-tunity, Zionism, the use of the Yiddish languageand more. His YIVO membership card from Vilna,dated April 8, 1940, was reproduced in Yedies #188(Summer 1999).

Recently, Jacob Waisbord established a charitablegift annuity because it allowed him to make asignificant contribution to YIVO while providinghim with substantial financial benefits. In addi-tion to assuring his own economic stability he also assured that YIVO will continue to receivefuture support to help it sustain the chain ofJewish continuity.

“I say, ‘don’t burn with a big flame that may dieout,’” Waisbord commented. “It is better to burnwith a small steady flame that burns forever!”

Waisbord and Treitel were honored at theInternational Women’s Luncheon where theyreceived the Me’dor Le’dor Award (see page 5).Treitel explained that her parents taught her threemajor lessons: to honor those who came beforeher; to give back to those in need; and to educatethe next generation about Jewish life, Jewishvalues and the Jewish mission. Her father’scharitable gift annuity will help to accomplish allthree objectives.


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The Gaon Society, named for the 18th century RabbiElijah Ben Solomon Zalman — the Vilna Gaon — was

established to recognize and thank YIVO friends anddonors who have created a legacy for YIVO in their willsor estate plans, or through a charitable gift annuity orcharitable trust.

Like the Vilna Gaon, who was known for his vastintellect and the importance he placed on tzedakah, thesefriends understand and appreciate the role YIVO plays

in preserving our heritage for future generations. Bysupporting YIVO you advance Jewish scholarship andperpetuate the culture, language and history of EasternEuropean Jewry. To learn how you can help YIVO whilefulfilling your own financial needs, please call Ellen Siegelat (917) 606-8293. If you have already included YIVO inyour will, please notify us so we can include you amongthe members of The Gaon Society.

Eliane Bukanz

Hyman and Rita Cohen

Ethel and Rhoda Cutler

Shulamis Friedman

Gene and Mildred Forrell

Nathan Goldstein

George Hecht

Louis Johnston

Louis Osofsky

Ethel Roberts

Samuel Silverstein

Jacob Waisbord

Milton Weiner

Rita Winningham

The Gaon Society: A Legacy for the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research

Jacob Waisbord and Myra TreitelFather and Daugher Keeping the Flame Burning

Jacob Waisbord and his daughter MyraTreitel.

YIVO Gaon Society Founders


EP

YC

Debut Teacher Training

3-Day Seminar Launches EPYC CurriculumYIVO hosted

a three-dayinternationalteacher trainingseminar, officiallylaunching thepilot phase of the EducationalProgram onYiddish Culture(EPYC). Selectedfrom public andprivate highschools aroundthe world, the 18teachers are thefirst group ofEPYC Fellows.The sectionswere led bysome of the

leading United States academics specializing inEast European culture and history. Starting June23, the Fellows attended lectures on history,literature, music, theater and Holocaust studies.Their afternoons were devoted to intensiveworkshops in which the EPYC curriculum wasdissected, reviewed and evaluated under theguidance of Dr. Robert Shapiro, history instructorat Ramaz High School in Manhattan.

The EPYC Fellows will be implementing the pi-lot program, starting in September. They will actas a sounding board for EPYC, discussing thecurriculum and suggesting ways to best use thematerial in their classrooms.

“It is an ambitious, terrific idea backed up byresearch,” said Steven Solomon, principal of theEast Brunswick Jewish Center school, one of thelargest synagogue schools in New Jersey. “Withoutquestion, we will use the material in our highschool.”

The generosity of many individuals and foun-dations, and the guidance and support of theYIVO Leadership Forum, made the trainingseminar possible.

The seminar and the unveiling of the textsdeveloped by EPYC mark the culmination of thefirst phase of this program. The EPYC Fellowsreceived a review version.

The Fellows came from the United States,Mexico and Israel, and a diverse educational spec-trum: public schools; private Jewish day schools,including orthodox, conservative and reform; aswell as special afternoon Jewish religious schoolprograms.

EPYC fundraising has also entered a new phaseto cover the printing and distribution of thematerials and their incorporation into schoolcurricula. In this phase, the texts will also be trans-lated into Hebrew, Spanish and Russian for globaldistribution.

At the closing ceremony Dr. Carl Rheins, YIVOExecutive Director, highlighted the revolutionarycharacter of the program. “EPYC is a way forYIVO to return to its instructional mission,” henoted. “The program is a unique curriculum forJewish Education in America.” Then he presentedflowers to Dr. Adina Cimet, the EPYC Director,whose vision of this initiative saw the light for thefirst time at the Seminar.

Young Jewish men departing forservice in the Polish army, sitting infront of a portrait of Ber Borochov,father of Labor Zionism, Lublin, 1919(YIVO Archives).

Eva L. Abbamonte Harrison High School Harrison, NY

Rochelle Anziska Samuel H. Wang Holliswood, NYYeshivah University High School

Rabbi Jonathan Maimonides School Brookline, MABloomberg

Shira Breuer Pelech Religious Jerusalem, IsraelExperimental High School

Mira Cohen Beverly Hills High School Los Angeles, CA

Paula Cohen Abraham Joshua Heschel School New York, NY

Sameya Gewirtz Temple Beth Am Seattle, WA

Rochel Licht Beis Yaacov Academy Brooklyn, NY

Rebeca Mareyna Yavneh School Mexico CityMexico

Avinoam Patt Congregation Agudath Israel West Caldwell,of West Essex NJ

Cynthia Peterman Charles E. Smith Rockville, MDJewish Day School

Abraham Rabenstein Israel Henry Beren High Baltimore, MD

Shifra Rabenstein Shalheves High School for Girls Baltimore, MD

Gaby Reiss Amit Gush Dan Technological Ramat Gan, High School Israel

Shelly Rossoff Milken Community Day School Los Angeles, CA

Dr. Robert Shapiro Ramaz New York, NY

Steve Solomon East Brunswick Jewish Center East Brunswick, NJ

Miriam Wielgus Yeshivah of Flatbush Brooklyn, NY

EPYC Teacher Seminar FellowsName Affiliation Location

Old

Dem

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s


During the conference, Britishhistorian Simon Schama re-ceived disturbing news relatedto the desecration of a cemeteryback home. “My great-aunt andmy great-uncle were among thedesecrated.”

As for France, site of 1,300 anti-Semitic incidents over the past two years, French historianAlain Finkielkraut blamedcooperation between France’sMoslems and the progressiveleft, which accuses Israel ofcolonial crimes. “UnequivocalIslamist hatred of the Jews has

found, if not outright approval,at least an echo.”

“Physical acts are committedby Moslems, but the rhetoricthat made them acceptablecomes from the European politi-cal elite,” declared Mortimer B.Zuckerman, president of theConference of Presidents ofMajor Jewish Organizations andpublisher of the Daily News.

Canadian Member of Parlia-ment and human rights lawyerIrwin Cotler warned that no lessthan the survival of humanitywas at stake because “anti-Semitism is the proverbialcanary in the pantheon of evil.”

The speakers were almostevenly divided between NorthAmericans and Europeans, withothers from Israel, Iran andMexico. Islamic anti-Semitismand its spread to the West was a repeated theme. Daniel Gold-hagen, author of Hitler’s WillingExecutioners, said Nazi anti-Semitism had been exportedfrom Europe to the Middle East,where Islamic anti-Semitism was“grafted onto it and wasexported back to Europe.”

“The first step to overcomingthis plague and to the treatmentof this disease which threatens

civilization and the JewishPeople,” contended HebrewUniversity Professor RobertWistrich, “must be the lucid,relentless, implacable exposureof its roots, and that has been theraison d’être of this conference.”

“Thousands attended theconference throughout its fourdays,” remarked Bruce Slovin,Chairman of YIVO. “We haveopened discourse on anti-Semitism at a higher intellectuallevel that will influence thedebate for decades to come.”

The conference was organizedin the wake of resurgent anti-Semitism in Europe followingthe attack on the World TradeCenter, which took on newurgency with the Iraq war. TheConference Committee wascomposed of YIVO NationalBoard members Joseph Green-berger, Max Gitter, MartinPeretz, Bruce Slovin and Dr.Arnold Richards, as well as Dr.Leon Botstein, President of BardCollege. Audio of the conferencecan be heard on the web site ofthe Center for Jewish History atwww.cjh.org/about/old_demons.html.

Old Demons, New Debates

YIVO Executive Director Dr. Carl Rheinsopening the conference proceedings.

Final panel discussion, “Anti-Semitism, Anti-Zionism and Israel.” Participants (L-R) Robert Wistrich, YIVO National Board member Martin Peretz, Irwin Cotler, Fiamma Nirenstein and David Pryce-Jones.

Congressman NadlerSlams Anti-Semitismin Islamic Schools

Appearing at the conference, NewYork Representative (D-8th District)Jerrold Nadler denounced the useof anti-Semitic textbooks in someIslamic schools in New York andcalled on Moslem clerics to takeaction against it.

[continued from page 1]

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Leon Wieseltier

Conference advisor and literary editor of The New Republic

The taxonomy of present-day anti-Semitism is ominously large. There

are religious varieties and secular varie-ties; theological varieties and ideologicalvarieties; political varieties and cultural varieties; oldvarieties and new varieties. There is the anti-Semitism ofChristians, which comes in many forms, and anti-Semitismof Muslims, which comes in many forms. There is the anti-Semitism of the Right, in Europe and in the United States,still stubbornly blaming the Jews for modernity (I havealways found that particular allegation to be rather acompliment); and there is the anti-Semitism of the Left,most recently seeking shelter (and finding it) in the anti-globalization movement, which has presided over a revivalof the New Left’s dogmas about capitalism and liberalismand Americanism. And there is the anti-Semitism thatmanifests itself as anti-Zionism.

This is, I think, the most dangerous anti-Semitism of themall. It is not the case, of course, that every criticism of theJewish state is an instance of anti-Semitism; but it is certain-ly the case that every instance of anti-Semitism is a criti-cism of the Jewish state, a fundamental criticism, since itdenies the legitimacy of the ideal of a normal life for Jews,who are consigned by anti-Semites of one kind or anotherto an endless abnormality of one kind or another….

I do not believe that the United States is just anotheraddress for Jews on the run, just a safer haven. I believe,rather, that the United States represents a revolution inJewish history, a country that is — in its philosophicalfoundations and in its political practices — structurallyhospitable to us. We cannot be pilloried as a state within a state in a state that is comprised of states within a state. We cannot be excoriated for difference in a society in which difference is the substance of sameness.

To use the Zionist terms, I would define the Americaninnovation in Jewish history as the establishment of aDiaspora that is not an exile, a tfutzah that is not a golah. Of course I do not mean to contend that there is no anti-Semitism in America. Not at all. But the story of Jew-hatredin America differs profoundly from the story of Jew-hatredin Europe. It is a scandal to be refused admission to aschool or a hotel or a club; but it is not an expulsion or apogrom. And it is not only the virulence of anti-Semitismthat has been diminished in the United States. Its legiti-macy, too, has been diminished. In fact, its legitimacy hasbeen altogether repudiated. The remarkable fact about the American Jewish campaign against anti-Semitism inAmerica, like the African American campaign againstracism in America, is that it is made in the name of Amer-ican principles. Not the Jews, but the bigotry against theJews, is the anomaly here.

David I. Kertzer

Author of The Popes Against the Jews andProfessor of Anthropology at Brown University

One might think that today, in the wakeof both Vatican Council II and Pope

John Paul II’s call for repentance andcoming to terms with sins of the past, theVatican-supervised journal would recognize and apologizefor the pernicious role it played in the development ofmodern anti-Semitism. What we now see, however, is justthe opposite.

The Vatican’s continuing effort to distance itself from anyresponsibility for making the Holocaust possible dependson maintaining the distinction between anti-Judaism andanti-Semitism. In this account, these are two very differentphenomena, and while some in the Church had unfortu-nately participated in religious anti-Judaism, this wascompletely different from modern anti-Semitism that theChurch had nothing to do with. …

The problem that the Vatican has encountered in clingingto its anti-Judaism/anti-Semitism distinction is that its ori-ginal rationale — that the Church’s hostile characteriza-tions of the Jews were based on negative religious imagesalone — was so clearly false.

One only has to read the pages of the Vatican-supervisedCivilta Cattolica in the years from 1880 to 1939 to see that itis filled with a demonization of the Jews based on the evilthings they were collectively responsible for socially,economically and politically….

Something very troubling is going on today in theVatican. Those Catholics — from simple laypeople tocardinals — who have tried to get the Church to come to terms with its role in spreading anti-Semitism in the past have been subjected to strong sanction. Even thosewho have tried to offer a different interpretation of “WeRemember” are now being repudiated.

The latter includes Cardinal Edward Cassidy himself,head of the commission that drafted the document. In aNov. 9, 1998, speech, Cardinal Cassidy said: “In making adistinction between the anti-Judaism of the ChristianChurches and the anti-Semitism of the Nazis, “WeRemember” does not intend to deny the relationshipbetween these two evils.” Yet this is exactly what theVatican-approved Civilta Cattolica text of June 2002 hasdone.

The Vatican is here playing with fire — for there are stillparts of the Roman Catholic Church in no way resigned toaccepting the lessons of the Second Vatican Council. In-deed, for the fringe groups on the right of the Church whoreject the reforms of the Second Vatican Council, there is noclearer litmus test than continued demonization of the Jews.

Excerpts from Talks Delivered at the YIVO Conference“Old Demons, New Debates: Anti-Semitism in the West”

(Please turn to page 10 for additional conference excerpts.)


Old

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Israeli author whose most recent book isAcross the Sabbath River: In Search of aLost Tribe of Israel

Why are the Jews like the fruitof the olive tree? ask the

rabbis in the Midrash. “Because,” they answer, “asall liquids mix with each other, but the oil of theolive does not, so Israel does not mix with theGentiles. … And as the olive does not yield its oilunless it is crushed, so Israel does not return toGod unless it is crushed by affliction.” Beingchosen and set apart exacts a double price. Itmakes an envious and indignant world persecutethe Jews and it makes a pedagogical God allowthis to happen.

Historically, this is the normative Jewish point ofview. Classical Zionism, too, viewed the Jews asthe cause of anti-Semitism.

Here is Leo Pinsker’s Auto-Emancipation, pub-lished 14 years before Herzl’s The Jewish State:“Among the living nations of the earth the Jewsoccupy the position of a nation long since dead . . .If the fear of ghosts is something inborn, and has acertain justification in the psychic life of humanity,is it any wonder that it asserted itself powerfullyat the sight of this dead and yet living nation? . . .The misfortunes of the Jews are due, above all, totheir lack of desire for national independence . . . ”

Zionism understood the Jews’ misfortunes dif-ferently from rabbinic Judaism, which made itmore optimistic about overcoming them. And yetthere is in all self-blame a peculiar sort of opti-mism that helps to explain why, starting with thebiblical prophets, there has been so much of itamong Jews; for if you are the cause of your ownsuffering, you have the ability to rectify it. . .

Imagine that, in its early years, Zionism had de-clared proudly and defiantly: “Do not blame theJews! It is not their fault that they have become thescapegoats of a sick mankind. . . .”

Such a Zionism would also have had to say:“Because mankind will always have fears, hatredand phobias, there will always be anti-Semitism,which no Jewish state can put an end to. On thecontrary: Such a state will simply become anti-Semitism’s new focus. . . .”

“Why the Jews?” will go on being asked. . .because our anguish in the face of continued anti-Semitism makes us ask it. This anguish is espe-cially great for those of us who have believed, andgo on believing, that Zionism and Israel were themost appropriate and far-sighted of all Jewishresponses to modernity, a heroic effort on the part

of the Jewish people to rejoin the family of man. More YIVO Conference ExcerptsChristopher Caldwell ChristopherChristopher Caldwell

A senior editor at The Weekly Standard

Close bonds between Americaand Israel are bound to mean

closer bonds between anti-Ameri-canism and anti-Semitism. Butthere is another, more practicallink between the two prejudices, that we can statecrassly. Many Americans are convinced, with goodreason since September 11, that there are a largenumber of people in the world who wish to see usslaughtered. We sincerely believe that many peo-ple wish to smuggle a nuclear bomb into this cityand set it off. This is as true of a Lutheran farmerin South Dakota as it is of a Jew in the shadow ofthe Trade Towers, and it has a consequence: thevast majority of Americans are outraged at at-tempts to excuse or explain terrorist attacks onIsrael’s democracy. José Saramago, BreytenBreitenbach, and others who try to do so are per-ceived by Americans not just as foreigners whodisagree with us on foreign policy; they are per-ceived as enemies of America itself. So at a timewhen a lot of anti-Semitism uses Israel as a pretext,even excusing the terrorism practiced against it,America is inevitably drawn into a tighter andtighter identification with Israel. This link is a mat-ter of common values rather than ethnic loyalties.Europe will either come to share in these commonvalues again — and I am confident that it can doso — or our continents will grow further apart. . . .

This does not mean, as certain European cari-caturists claim, "unqualified support for ArielSharon." But it does mean that in the ongoing war against terrorism, the convergence betweenthe values of the US and Israel may become moredramatic in the eyes of the world. No matter whathappens in the coming years, the U.S., as the targetof Islamic fundamentalist terrorists, will spendmuch of its time battling anti-Semites, even if itdoesn’t necessarily battle them for being anti-Semites. This may create a sacred American vo-cation of anti-anti-Semitism. . . .

Today, at most of the anti-globalization rallies,the refrain is the same one against neo-liberalism[i.e. capitalism], war, and racism ... And the repre-sentative racist war is always the same one. . .

If you ask protesters why, of all the dozen con-flicts now unfortunately roiling the Muslim world,this one obsesses them (why not Chechnya? whynot Sudan? why not Nigeria?), they can give youan answer that stops just this side of anti-Semitism.Israel-Palestine is the one where the ”capitalist”world of the West meets the underprivilegedvictim peoples of the South.


Born in 1929 into an assimilated HungarianJewish family, Kertész, like many other EuropeanJews, began asking questionsabout his Jewish identity onlyafter being deported to Ausch-witz in 1944. Having survivedand returned to Budapest, hedevoted his life to writing aboutthe Holocaust. Two of his novels,Fateless and Kaddish for a Child NotBorn, were translated into English, while almost allhis works are available in German. In its Nobelcitation the Swedish Academy said of Kertész:“For him, Auschwitz is not an exceptional occur-rence … outside the normal history of Western Europe. It is the ultimate truth about human de-gradation in modern existence.”

Ill health prevented Kertész from attending thebenefit. Instead, the audience was shown a shortvideo featuring a recent interview with the writerat his Berlin office and excerpts from his NobelPrize acceptance speech. His good friend andlandsman philanthropist George Soros introducedImre Kertész and the film.

Moshe Safdie was introduced by his friendand YIVO National Board member MartinPeretz. Peretz termed architecture “a Jewishprofession” and mentioned a few other wellknown architects, including Frank Gehry, lastyear’s YIVO honoree, and Daniel Liebeskind.

Moshe Safdie was born in Haifa after his pa-rents immigrated to Israel from Syria. Thefamily moved to Montreal when Moshe was15. Safdie made his architectural debut at age29, with the daringly innovative design ofHabitat ’67 graduated housing units for the1967 World’s Fair in Montreal. Since then,Safdie has continued to create bold and ori-

ginal projects all over the world. His award-winning designs include the National Gallery ofCanada, the Library Square in Vancouver and theWestern Wall Plaza in Jerusalem. In 1978, Safdie

became director of the UrbanDesign Program at HarvardUniversity’s School of Design, a post he held until 1984.

In his acceptance speech,Safdie, who is Sephardi, said,“In the absence of my Yiddish, Igreet you in Ladino,” expressing

delight at being honored by his Ashkenazi breth-ren. He credited growing up in the early days ofZionism for his “respect for nature and its scarceresources.”

Representing younger generations was YairaSinger, daughter of EPYC Program Director AdinaCimet Singer. Greeting the dinner guests in bothYiddish and English, she said, “I am delighted tosee YIVO’s door opened for our generation … tosee adults of the world concerned with culturalcontinuity….” Singer closed her remarks with asalute to YIVO: “May you all succeed in yourwork, and may you together gather the supportand respect your work deserves.”

Benefit Dinner [continued from page 1]

“I am delighted to seeYIVO’s door opened forour generation” —

Yaira Singer

Cindy Stone, Co-Chair of the YIVO Leadership Forum, withspeaker Yaira Singer.

Left photo: YIVO NationalBoard memberMotl Zelmanowicz (L) with YIVOChairman BruceSlovin.

Right photo:YIVO NationalBoard memberMartin Peretz (L)with honoreeMoshe Safdie.

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Light One Candle: A Child’s Diary of theHolocaust” is a striking exhibition based

on the book Light One Candle: From Lithuania to Jerusalem, by Solly Ganor. It features the photo-graphs of George Kadish [Zvi (Hirsh) Kadushin],one of the only Jewish photographers able tosecretly photograph life in the Kovno ghettoduring the war. The exhibition is made possiblethrough the generous support of Cindy and DavidStone of the Smart Family Foundation.

Solly Ganor,author of theghetto memoir,stated, “GeorgeKadish tookevery oppor-tunity possibleto document lifein the ghetto.The result con-stitutes one ofthe most signif-icant photo-graphic recordsof ghetto lifeduring theHolocaust. He is a very specialhero.” Other

photographs were taken post-war by the United States Army.

The exhibit encompasses pho-tos of children in the streets ofthe ghetto (including one ofGanor as a boy), one of the mass murders of Kovno Jewsand several images taken inWaakirchen, Bavaria, on May 2,1945, of the Japanese-Americantroops who liberated SollyGanor. “It was there that theJapanese-American 522 FieldArtillery Battalion liberated us,the remnants of LithuanianJewry, while we were on a DeathMarch from Dachau to the Tyrol Mountains,”Ganor recalled.

Ganor summed up the importance of thisexhibition: “It is the fulfillment of a promise I had made to my friends during the years of theHolocaust. We were a group of young boys andgirls in the Kovno Ghetto, in Lithuania … Thechances that any one of us would survive wereslim … we made a solemn promise to each other, a neder, that those who would survive the Holo-caust would tell our story to the world. I kept my promise…”

The exhibitionfeatures photo-graphs of ChiuneSugihara, theJapanese consul inKovno, Lithuania(1939-1940), whoissued thousandsof life-saving visas,and whom Ganormet as a young boy.

“Light OneCandle” is ondisplay throughSeptember 27, 2003, in the JoanConstantinerGallery at theCenter for JewishHistory, 15 West16th Street in NewYork City. Viewinghours are Mondayto Thursday, 9 A.M.to 5 P.M.; Friday, 9 A.M. to 4 P.M.;and Sunday, 11 A.M. to 5 P.M.

“A five-year-old boy receives hot soup for the family from the ghetto soup kitchen. His father was murdered in thebeginning of the war and the mother had to take care ofsmaller children. The boy became the provider of the family. Isaw him often standing at the corner trying to sell what wasleft of the family possessions. He was shot trying to escapefrom the Germans during the ‘Children’s Action’ on March 27,1944.” Photo: George Kadish.

“Wretched body, skinny/ Weak,shrunken;/ Sunken chest/ Downcast eyes.” From the poem “GhettoChild,”author unknown, circa1942. Photo: George Kadish.

“Without freedom or laughter/ And without springtime…/From an age, far from/ Beauty or splendor.” From the poem“Ghetto Child,” author unknown, circa 1942. Photo: GeorgeKadish.

“Light One Candle” Exhibition at YIVO

“

Solly Ganor as a young manserving with theUnited StatesArmy.

12 YIVO News Summer 2003

Also at YIVO,PermanentExhibition “Our HometownVilna.” Call (212) 246-6080for reservations.


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YIVO Marks 100th Anniversary of Kishinev PogromWith Commemorative Exhibition

Anew YIVO exhibition, “TheKishinev Pogrom of 1903:

On the Occasion of the 100thAnniversary,” has opened at theCenter for Jewish History, 15West 16th Street, New York City.It will be on display throughDecember 31, 2003, Monday to Thursday, 9 A.M. to 5 P.M.;Friday, 9 A.M. to 4 P.M.; andSunday, 11 A.M. to 5 P.M.Admission is free.

“This exhibition explores thefacts of this gruesome event andits aftermath using original doc-uments, photographs, leaflets,books and posters of the time,”noted Dr. Carl J. Rheins, YIVOExecutive Director. “All the ex-hibition materials are taken fromthe YIVO Archives and the YIVOLibrary. I urge everyone to viewthe exhibit in order to under-stand the events and theirconsequences.”

On April 6, 1903, the last day of Pas-sover, which coincided with Easter,

there was a terrible pogrom in Kishinev,a city in the Bessarabia region in thesouthern part of the Russian Empire.What distinguished this pogrom fromits predecessors, besides being the firstof the 20th century, was that it tookplace with the encouragement of theTsarist regime. Rumors about the po-grom circulated in the city a few daysbefore Passover. A Jewish delegationasked Governor Von Raben for in-creased police protection. The governorreplied that he knew of nothing thatwould require special police attention.

The Kishinev Jews tried to hide or flee.After 48 hours, 49 people were killedand more than 500 were injured orraped. Dozens of synagogues, housesand shops were destroyed and looted.

The Kishinev Pogrom was a turning

point in Jewish history, as the historianSimon Dubnow wrote in his memoirs.This and subsequent pogroms demon-strated that Tsarist Russia would notafford any protection to its Jews. Afterthe Kishinev Pogrom a self-defensemovement sprang up, with groups incommunities throughout the RussianEmpire. A sharp rise in emigration fromRussia to America also followed thepogrom, similar to the mass departuresof the early 1880s. The Zionist move-ment gained impetus as many peopleconcluded that Jews could only besecure in a homeland of their own. Thisled to the beginning of what becameknown as the Second Aliyah. Finally,Jewish revolutionaries, especially thosein the Jewish Labor Bund, becameconvinced that only the overthrow ofthe Tsarist government could preventsuch atrocities.

A Turning Point in Jewish History

Above: “Elegie on the KishineffMassacre,”composed byJoseph Brody.From the SholemPerlmutter Collec-tion of the YIVOArchives (1903).

Left: A photo fromthe exhibit showsthe devastationcaused by thepogrom.

The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jewsin Eastern Europe has been

awarded more than half a mil-lion dollars from the National

Endowment for the Humanities.The grant consists of $289,500 inoutright and $229,500 in federalmatching funds over a two-yearperiod. This support was basedon the merit of the publicationand its broad appeal in helpingAmericans to understand eachother. The National Endowmentfor the Humanities intends touse the Encyclopedia proposalas an example of a successfulgrant for future grant-seekers.

When published in 2006, theYIVO Encyclopedia will be thedefinitive reference work on the rich and complex Jewishexperience in Eastern Europe.

Headed byEditor in ChiefProfessor Ger-shon Hundertand supervisedby an impres-sive EditorialCollegium ofscholars, thepublication promises to be amajor breakthrough in JewishStudies. Previous funding in-cludes grants from: the RevsonFoundation, the Conference onJewish Material Claims AgainstGermany, The Righteous PersonsFoundation, the Slovin Foun-dation and Motl Zelmanowicz.


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Jeffrey P.Edelstein

NEH Awards YIVO EncyclopediaPrestigious Half Million Grant

YIVO’s new Chief Archivist intends to launch a digiti-zation effort to make more YIVO documents acces-

sible to researchers worldwide. “Inside thousands of grayboxes lie papers and artifacts of extraordinary signifi-cance, created during the best and worst times of recentJewish history,” declared Fruma Mohrer. “Our mission is to bring them into contemporary life.”

Mohrer, who had been Acting Chief Archivist, succeedsMarek Web, who headed YIVO’s Archives from 1970 to2001. Web is now a Senior Research Scholar at YIVO’sMax Weinreich Center for Advanced Jewish Studies.

Mohrer and Web co-authored the Guide to the YIVOArchives, which won the Association of Jewish LibrariesAward for the outstanding Judaica reference work in1998. Her published translations include Minutes of theEldridge Street Synagogue, 1890-1916 (Lower East Side

Tenement Museum, 1988), “The Natureof Ghetto Prayer Services” in LodzGhetto (Viking Penguin, 1989), andautobiographies, including one in therecent YIVO publication Awakening Lives(Yale University Press, 2002).

Mohrer has been the curator of severalexhibitions, including YIVO at 75: An Anniversary Exhibi-tion (2000); Here and Now: The Vision of the Jewish LaborBund (2002); and the current exhibition marking the 100thanniversary of the Kishinev Pogrom. She holds a B.A. inHistory and a Graduate Diploma in Education fromMcGill University, as well as a J.D. from New York LawSchool. She is a member of the New York Bar, the Mid-Atlantic Regional Archives Conference (MARAC) and theArchivists’ Roundtable of Metropolitan New York (ART).

Fruma Mohrer AppointedNew Chief Archivist Plans Digitization Effort

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YIVO has appointed a newProject Director for the mul-

tivolume YIVO Encyclopedia ofJews in Eastern Europe. Jeffrey P.Edelstein comes to YIVO fromthe Milbank Memorial Fundwhere he served as the Publi-cations Editor for reports andManaging Editor of the scholarlyjournal, The Milbank Quarterly.

Previously, Edelstein was Seni-or Project Editor and ManagingEditor of Scholarly Reference atOxford University Press. Some of his major projects include: The Oxford Encyclopedia of theModern Islamic World (4 vol-umes); The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East (5 volumes); and The OxfordGuide to Classical Mythology in the Arts (2 volumes). He is agraduate of Amherst College and Columbia University.

Edelstein AppointedYIVO EncyclopediaProject Director

YIVO EncyclopediaEditor in ChiefGershon Hundert

The Charles H. Revson Foun-dation awarded $200,000

over two years to support theYIVO Encyclopedia of Jews inEastern Europe. The funds arespecifically intended to supportthe preparation of major essaysand their online publication.

These essays form the core ofthe work, allowing the writers toengage in more extended discus-sion of general topics than is

possible in shorter articles. Essay topics include majorsurveys of geographical regions,religious movements such asHasidism and Reform, articleson the various languages andliteratures of Eastern EuropeanJewry, and cultural subjects suchas Economics, Education, theArts, Theater, and the Press andPublishing.

Revson Foundation Awards Major Grant to YIVO Encyclopedia

Warren Grover, a YIVONational Board member,

has authored the new bookNazis in Newark (TransactionPublishers, 2003). It examinesalliances and conflicts amongNewark’s major ethnic groupsas they reacted to the growingNazi presence in the 1930s. Thebook looks at infighting betweenthe German community’s demo-cratic and Nazi factions anddisputes between isolationistsand interventionists on whetherto oppose Nazism and anti-Semitism. It also analyzes thestrained relations between thecity’s blacks and Jews.

According to Grover, ”Nazis in Newark is a comprehensivechronicle of local Jewish resist-ance, both organizational andprivate, and it also records theefforts of Newark’s other ethnicgroups to fight the Nazi pre-

sence that shook the city duringthose years.”

Grover uses archival infor-mation, newspaper accounts,and interviews to produce thefirst in-depth study of an impor-tant American community’s re-sponses to Nazism during thecrucial years of 1933-1941. Nazisin Newark is a colorful contribu-tion to the history of the periodpreceding World War II.

A Newark native, Grover serves on the boards of the YIVOInstitute for Jewish Research, theNew Jersey Historical Society,and the Jewish Historical Societyof MetroWest. He is a founder ofthe Newark History Society.

Nazis in Newark is availablefrom Transaction Publishers,(888) 999-6778, for $49.95.


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sSlovakia’s Ambassador to the United States, Dr. Martin

Butora, visited YIVO in Febru-ary for meetings with ExecutiveDirector Carl J. Rheins. Accom-panied by his wife, Zora, thediplomat discussed Slovakia’svibrant 3,000-member Jewishcommunity, which traces its his-tory to the 10th century. Today it maintains a kosher kitchen, a restaurant, a kindergarten, ahome for the aged and an Insti-tute of Judaism. It is also tryingto restore synagogues and Jew-ish cemeteries desecrated duringWorld War II.

Butora is one of Slovakia’smost distinguished sociologistsand political activists. From 1966to 1969, he edited student andcultural periodicals in Bratis-lava, Slovakia. After the Sovietinvasion, he was prohibitedfrom publishing officially andworked in ad hoc jobs. In 1977,Butora refused to sign a procla-

mation denouncing the humanrights group Charter 77. He wasa co-founder of Public AgainstViolence (VPN), the leadingSlovak movement in the VelvetRevolution against Communism.From 1990 to 1992, he was Advi-ser for Human Rights Issues toPresident Vaclav Havel and Di-rector of the Section for HumanRights in the Office of the Presi-dent of the Czech and SlovakFederal Republic. Later, Butoracoordinated a research projectbased on video testimonies ofSlovakian Holocaust survivors.

* * *

Krzysztof Czyzewski, chair-man and founder of the

Polish Borderland Foundation,also visited YIVO. Founded in1991 to promote understandingamong ethnic groups, the foun-dation is located in Sejny, nearthe Lithuanian border. Its Bor-derland Center of Arts, Cultures

and Nations runs a publishinghouse, a theater, an art gallery,and a Klezmer Music Group. Its Jewish events include thestaging of An-sky's play “TheDybbuk,” a Klezmer workshopand an exhibit of photographsfrom the YIVO Archives by theprewar Jewish ethnographerand photographer MenakhemKipnis, who died in the WarsawGhetto in 1941. In 2000, it pub-lished Sasiedzi (Neighbors), by Jan T. Gross, about the 1941Jedwabne massacre, which ig-nited countrywide discussion ofPolish-Jewish relations duringthe Holocaust.

Czyzewski has visited YIVOseveral times, seeking Jewishmaterial that could be used inthe Borderland Center's work.He is interested in projects con-nected with Poland, such as thebook Awakening Lives and theEPYC educational project (seeEPYC, page 7).

East European VisitorsSlovak Ambassador and Polish Foundation Chair Visit YIVO

New Book by YIVO Board Member Warren Grover

Cover of new book by National Board member Warren Grover.

Lib

rary As a child, Ed Colker was a pupil at the Sholom

Aleichem Shul in the Bronx, and he neverforgot his mame-loshn. A pioneer in the movementto create art books since 1966, Colker decided tohonor Abraham Sutz-kever with a fine artedition of his poems to be issued on the the Yiddish poet’s 90th birthday. Colkerapproached the well-known translatorBarnett Zumoff, whogave him permission to use his Englishtranslations ofSutzkever's poetry.

The result is Beneaththe Trees: Poems byAbraham Sutzkever (in Celebration of Abraham Sutzkever’s 90th Birthday), abeautiful folio albumcontaining the Yiddishand English texts of 27 of Sutzkever's poemsaccompanied by original lithographs, some incolor, in a limited edition of 90 copies. Colker

visited YIVO and presented a copy to the YIVOLibrary, where it can be viewed upon request.

Under the auspices of Haybarn Press, Colker haspublished other letterpress volumes of poetry by

Walt Whitman, PabloNeruda and KathleenNorris. All include Col-ker’s lithographs andare printed on paper in a limited edition.

Colker has taught atthe University of theArts in Philadelphia and at Cooper Unionand the Pratt Institute in New York City. As ayoung artist he receiveda Guggenheim Founda-tion fellowship in 1960and has been teachingand exhibiting sincethen. His artwork is part of the collections of numerous museums,including the Museum

of Modern Art, Philadelphia Museum of Art,National Museum in Stockholm and the BatesCollege Museum of Art.

Abraham Sutzkever, born in1913 in Smargon (now in

Belarus), is one of the greatestYiddish poets, an editor andformer partisan fighter. Duringthe First World War his familyfled to Siberia, but later settledin Vilna, where Sutzkever at-tended school. He wrote poetryfrom the age of 14, but it wasnot until 1934 that a poem ofhis appeared in print. Begin-ning in 1935, he was a regularcontributor to Yung-Vilne, theorgan of modernist writers inVilna, and to major literaryjournals in Warsaw and in theUnited States. He publishedtwo volumes of poetry beforethe Holocaust.

From June 1941 to Septem-ber 1943, Sutzkever lived in the Vilna ghetto, where he

continued to write poetry andwas active in cultural and com-munal life. In addition to givinglectures and poetry readings he chose the materials for theghetto theater and led a YouthClub literary circle.

Together with ShmerkeKaczerginski and other wor-kers of the Papir-brigade (PaperBrigade), he sorted books in theYIVO Library during the dayand in the evening smuggledbooks, manuscripts, and worksof art into the ghetto to pre-serve them. During the time he spent in the YIVO buildingSutzkever composed manypoems, which he then read to his friends in the ghetto,including the dramatic chron-icle Dos keyver-kind (Child of theTomb) and Kol-nidre, the great

poem in which he recounts the liquidation of Vilna’s“Ghetto 2” on Yom Kippur day in October 1941.

Sutzkever escaped from theVilna ghetto on September 12,1943, and joined the partisansin the Naroch Forest. On March12, 1944, he was flown to Mos-cow, where he stayed until hisappearance as a witness for the Soviet prosecution in theNuremberg Trials during Feb-ruary 1946.

In 1947, Sutzkever settled inPalestine. He continues to writepoetry and prose in Israel to-day. For more than 40 years, hewas the editor of Di goldene keyt(The Golden Chain), the distin-guished Yiddish literary andcultural quarterly.


Album Donated to YIVO

Beneath the Trees: Poems by Abraham Sutzkever

Abraham Sutzkever: Yiddish Poet and Partisan

AbrahamSutzkever

Abraham Sutzkever’ssignature on thefrontispiece of Beneath the Trees: Poems ByAbraham Sutzkever .

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Baranovitsh was considered a young city. It didnot possess an old cemetery, old schools, old

prisons or old castles. It was a city that in the nottoo distant past consisted of dense forests. And inthe course of ten years Baranovitsh became a mod-ern city. Also, because of its geographic location itbecame an important railroad junction at the endof the 19th century [and] … a key strategic milita-ry and communication center as well as businesscenter. It therefore became known as the unofficialcapital of the area. The city was not large. In 1897the Jewish community consisted of 24 people. In1921 there were 6,605 Jews (57.5% of the total pop-ulation). The population grew to more than 28,000people and among them less than half were Jewish.

Thanks to its own peculiarities and its great sta-tus the city stood out from among its neighbors.Baranovitsh was louder, livelier and more openthan its neighbors …. It was known as the PolishChicago or the Polish Minsk because of its being a communication center and business center.Baranovitsh was also known as “Little Warsaw”because its population consisted of Jews comingfrom different areas in Poland. There was a certainintimacy in the city. This feeling of belonging wasbrought out by the following anecdote: A beggarwho traveled from city to city was asked by the people of Baranovitsh: “Where do come from?” He answered;“I am a native.” It was understood that just byentering the city you felt you belonged….

The city consisted of three parts: 1) Old Barano-vitsh, 2) New Baranovitsh and 3) the city itself.The snakelike Shosay Street connected the threeareas. The blueprint for the construction of Baran-ovitsh was well conceptualized: the streets werebeautifully long, wide and parallel as well asmoderate, symmetric and crossing one into theother. The streets did not flow downwards orupwards; they were level and resembled a chess-board. From 1914 to 1915, the city was the head-quarters of the Russian General-Staff. Nicholas II,the Emperor of Russia/King of Poland, alsoresided in Baranovitsh ….

The Jewish community played an important rolein providing manual labor as well as being activein the business dealings of Baranovitsh. They didnot play an important role in industry aside from

owning a few sawmills. In the professional fields,the Jews proportionately outnumbered all othergroups in the medical field. Most of the doctors in Baranovitsh were Jews. Most Poles worked ingovernment jobs and enlisted in the army…

The Poles ruled from 1921 to 1939, and from 1939the Russians were the rulers. But overall the rela-tionship was civil. The government officials wouldvisit Jewish stores and employ Jewish labor. Thislasted until a few years before World War II. Thenall the relationships changed for the worse …

The political fabric of the city was very colorful.There were the Bund and the General Zionists and

the Revisionists and the Labor parties. The citywas also a rich center of Torah and Hasidut. It hadtwo great yeshivas: 1) Ohel Torah, led by the greatTorah scholar Rabbi Elhanan Wasserman … and 2) the great hasidishe yeshiva of Torat Hesed. It was the only hasidishe yeshiva in Lita. The leaderof the yeshiva was Rabbi Mosheh Minder …. Bothyeshivas had great influence within the Jewishcommunity. Baranovitsh was also the seat ofKoydanover hoyf. The last Rabbis of Koydanovwere Rabbi Nehemya and Rabbi Alter. It also hadthe largest shtibl that was used by the SlonimerHasidim. The Rebbes of Slonim were RabbiAvraham and Rabbi Shlomo.

Baranovitsh of today belongs to the Republic of Belarus. Its geography is as it was but thedynamic, rich and colorful city is no more. Itshistory stopped with the death of the 12,000 Jews.

One of 500 Yizker-Bikher in YIVO Collection

Baranovitsh: A Community RememberedThe YIVO Library has about 500 yizker-bikher (memorial books) in its collection. These books are pub-lished histories of Eastern European communities that memorialize the town and its Holocaust victims.Typically, there is a narrative overview of the town's history, culture, institutions and rabbis. Sometimesthis includes lists of Holocaust victims, survivors or immigrants. Most memorial books are entirely inHebrew and Yiddish. Some of the books may also have an English section. The shtetl of Baranovitsh was remembered in a published memorial book. The following is an abstract of the opening chapter,translated into English by YIVO Reference Librarian Yeshaya Metal.

A typical photo from theBaranovitshYizker-bukh.


Anna Lipphardt has beennamed the 2003-2004 Maria

Salit-Gitelson Tell Memorial Fel-low at YIVO. She is also a mem-ber of the Graduate Faculty atPotsdam University in Germany.The working title of her YIVOFellowship research is "Vilne,yidishlekh fartrakht/CulturalMemory and Migration: TheVilne Diaspora in New York, Tel Aviv and Vilnius, 1944 to the Present.”

Lipphardt is exploring the in-terrelation of cultural memoryand migration by comparingthree groups that emerged fromone core community — JewishVilna —and emigrated to NewYork and Israel (mainly Tel Avivand Kibbutz Lohamei ha-Getaot)or stayed behind in Soviet Lithu-ania. The central question ishow the former inhabitants ofVilne, who choose differentplaces of residence after theHolocaust, remember — orforget — their heymshtot, theirold hometown, within their re-spective organizations, culturalproductions and in their indi-vidual memories. In New YorkCity the focus is on the VilnaDiaspora.

“Apart from being a Vilne ad-dress itself, YIVO has been andcontinues to be in many respectsa crucial point of reference formy project,” Lipphardt explains.

“While studying in the UrielWeinreich Program in YiddishLanguage, Literature and Cul-ture during the summer of 2001,YIVO staff introduced me toDavid Rogow, today the presi-dent of Nusakh Vilne, the one

remaining Vilne organization in New York. This contact laterallowed me — a multiple out-sider — to conduct numerous in depth-interviews among thesurvivors from Vilna.”

Then, in the summer of 2002,Lipphardt had the opportunityto explore the wider Yiddishtopography of New York City as a participant in the ThirdInternational Yiddish ResearchSeminar, co-sponsored by YIVO.“The following months I spentdoing archival research at YIVO,as well as doing field studiesand conducting interviews,” she continues. “When I cameback this spring as the MariaSalit-Gitelson Tell MemorialFellow, my focus was mainly onnewly acquired archival items,specifically from the Sutzkever-Kaczerginski and the VilnaCollections, and on interviewswith the second generation, as

well as with experts from Yid-dish institutions.”

Lipphardt looks forward to the fall term, when she will beable to draw from “the MountEverest of materials I broughtback home” for the seminar“Jewish Vilna from the InterwarPeriod to the Present” that shewill be teaching at PotsdamUniversity. “Our students willresearch YIVO’s online picturedatabase (“People of 1,000Towns”) for visual impressionsabout Jewish Vilna, research theYugnt-forshung-opteyl, and learnabout the everyday lives and thedreams of Jewish teenagers inthe 1920s and 1930s, using thediaries of Herman Kruk andother YIVO-based materials.

“I cannot stress enough thevalue of the intense exchangewith other researchers of andwith active participants in sec-ular Yiddish culture that I foundthrough YIVO and the WeinreichProgram,” Lipphardt concludes.“For someone working in arather isolated situation in Ber-lin, these discussions providethe intellectual input to rechargemy ‘Yiddish batteries.’ A hartsikndank!”

YIVO Fellow Anna Lipphardt

Exploring Jewish Cultural Memory

Anna Lipphardt

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Fall 2003 Semester Begins in October

Yiddish classes, Mini-coursesCall YIVO at (212) 246-6080 for a flier and application.

YIVO mourns the passing in December 2002 of Pamela Brumberg,Program Director of the Lucius N. Littauer Foundation, and formeradministrator of the Max Weinreich Center. Brumberg's support forJewish Studies and YIVO and the warm, personal encouragement she gave to emerging scholars will not be forgotten. Our deepestsympathy to her family.

“I cannot stressenough the value ofthe intense exchangewith other researchersof and with activeparticipants in secularYiddish culture that Ifound through YIVO.”

Remember YIVOin Your Will.

For information on YIVOplanned-giving options,please please visit the YIVO web site at www.yivo.org,or call Ellen Siegel at (917) 606-8293.


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Dina Abramowicz Dr. Eric Goldstein Assistant Professor, History and Jewish Studies, Emory UniversityEmerging Scholar Yiddish-Speaking Immigrants and the Public Sphere

Prof. Bernard Dr. Marcin Wodzinski Research Centre for Polish Jewry, University of Wroclaw Choseed Memorial The Government of Congress Poland and the Hasidic Movement

Rose and Isidore Susan Roth Breitzer History, University of Iowa Drench Memorial The Jewish Labor Movement in Chicago

Vladimir and Pearl Paula Eisenstein Baker Music, University of St. Thomas, Houston Heifetz Memorial Leo Zeitlin (Society for Jewish Folk Music)

Aleksander and Dr. Sean Martin Adjunct Professor of History, Kent State University Alicja Hertz Memorial CENTOS and Jewish Child Welfare

Vivian Lefsky Dr. Jan Schwarz Visiting Assistant Professor of Germanic Studies, University of IllinoisHort Memorial Yiddish Writers in New York After the Holocaust

Abraham and Eliyana Adler Modern Jewish History, Brandeis University Rachela Melezin Education of Jewish Girls in Vilna Province

Workmen's Circle/ Dr. Jack Jacobs Professor of Government, John Jay College, CUNY Dr. Emanuel Patt Bundist Counterculture in Inter-War Poland

Natalie and Mendel Szonja Komoroczy Faculty of Modern Languages, Oxford University Racolin Memorial Yiddish Culture in Hungary

Maria Salit-Gitelson Anna Lipphardt Graduate Faculty, Potsdam University, Germany Tell Memorial Jewish Vilna in New York

Dora and Mayer Hagit Cohen Jewish History, Bar-Ilan University Tendler Reading Culture of Eastern European Jews in the U.S.A.

Abram and Fannie Gottlieb Dr. Julija Sukys Postdoctoral fellow, Comparative Literature, Immerman and Abraham Northwestern University Nathan and Bertha Daskal Beloved Profession (Ona Simaite)Weinstein Memorial

RECIPIENTS OF YIVO FACULTY AND GRADUATE STUDENT FELLOWSHIPS, 2003 - 2004

AWARD RECIPIENT AFFILIATION/TOPIC

Twelve graduate and facultyfellowships, each carrying a

stipend, have been awarded forthe academic year 2003-2004 byYIVO’s Max Weinreich Centerfor Advanced Jewish Studies.Each fellow will pursue a spe-cific research project in the YIVOLibrary and Archives and mostwill then report on the progress

in a public lecture at YIVO. [See the listing of thefellowship winners, affiliations and topics.]

“This year’s YIVO fellows are exceptionally able,and YIVO has added two new fellowships,” noted

Dr. Paul Glasser, Associate Direc-tor of the Max Weinreich Centerand Chair of the YIVO Fellow-ship Committee. “The first is theWorkmen’s Circle/Dr. Emanuel PattVisiting Professorship in EasternEuropean Jewish Studies, estab-lished by the Van CortlandtWorkmen’s Circle CommunityHouse and awarded to Dr. JackJacobs of John Jay College, CUNY. The second, theDora and Meyer Tendler Fellowship in Jewish Studiesestablished in memory of Dora Tendler, goes toHagit Cohen of Bar-Ilan University.”

12 Fellowships Awarded

New Fellowships Added for 2003 - 2004

Dr. Eric L.Goldstein

Dr. MarcinWodzinski

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The 36th session of the Uriel Weinreich Programin Yiddish Language, Literature and Culture

has just begun. This auspicious anniversary —double khay, or two times life — finds the prog-ram flourishing with an enrollment of 66 students,some from far away as Donetsk, Ukraine; TimSum Village, Hong Kong; Stockholm; Tokyo; TelAviv and Houston, Texas.

The faculty is now focused on the task of culti-vating a new crop of students. The next issue ofYedies will include an overview of the programand a report on the siyem-hazman (graduationceremony).

There are two additions to this year’s workshopofferings. YIVO has developed a new workshopfor the zumer-program, “Researching in Yiddish,”to guide budding Yiddish scholars to literary, cul-

tural and historical sources and around linguisticpitfalls. The workshop is also designed to trainresearchers in reading Yiddish manuscripts, which can be indecipherable to the uninitiated.

The Yiddish teacher-training workshop, whichhad not been offered for a number of years, isback. Veteran faculty of the zumer-program lead the sessions, in which they offer their methodo-logical expertise and experience on issues such asthe integration of Yiddish video and audio sourcesinto the curriculum, the utilization of drills forthorny grammatical issues and the creation ofgames that reap rich pedagogical benefits.

For information on how to participate in thezumer-program in the future, please write to YanklSalant, Director of Yiddish Language Programs, at [email protected].

Uriel Weinreich Summer ProgramCelebrates 36th Anniversary

YIVO Archives Completes Vilna Project

The YIVO Archives has completed a project to arrange and microfilm the Records of the

Vilna Community Council.The Vilna Kehillah, as this autonomous body

was also known, dates back to the 16th century.The documents of the Kehillah shared the fate ofmany other important archival collections from

Vilna, which were pillaged and moved by the Nazis to Germany, then recovered by the Alliesand finally transferred to the reestablished YIVOInstitute in New York in 1947.

The Tsarist government abolished the Kehillah in 1844, but the organization that replaced it, theTsedakah Gedolah, though reduced to charitableand religious functions, remained the pivotalcommunal organization for the Jews of Vilna and the vicinity. In 1919, the New Kehillah wascreated to replace the Tsedakah Gedolah. TheSoviet authorities dissolved the Kehillah in 1940.The vast majority of the Jewish community wasexterminated during the Holocaust.

The surviving records of the Kehillah at YIVO,which cover the period from 1800 to 1940, providea portrait of day-to-day life in this importantJewish center. The collection includes records ofthe hevra kadisha (Burial Society) and documentson the 19th century Meat Tax levied on the Jewishcommunity. There are also documents of VilnaKehillah departments including the EducationalDepartment, the Interest-Free Loan Office, theMatzah Committee and Social Services. There are fragmentary birth, marriage and death records,which will be of interest to genealogists.

Funded by the Conference on Jewish MaterialClaims Against Germany, the project was carried out by Archivist Vital Zajka, who completed the analysis of Russian, Yiddish and Hebrew docu-ments and compiled the new electronic findingaid. The collection was microfilmed by the YIVOPreservation Department.

Jewish workers’ children being fed under the sponsorship of the Central Education Committee, a constituent part of the Vilna Kehillah, 1920s (YIVOArchives).

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More than 50 years ago, American Jewish leaders gathered in New York under the auspices of YIVO to consider many of the issues on which they still focus today, namely questions related to Jewish integration into the American society and economy. That conference was the lead story in Yedies fun Yivo/News of the YIVO, issue number 31, in February 1949, which is reproduced below.

A Half Century Ago in Yedies

Front page ofYedies fun YIVO,February, 1949.

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In 1911, Mendl Beilis (1874-1934), Jewish super-intendent of a brick kiln in Kiev, was charged

with murdering 12-year-old Andrei Yushchinskyto use the boy’s blood for ritual purposes. TheBeilis trial (Sept. 25-Oct. 28, 1913) sparked world-wide protests and his acquittal was celebrated theworld over. Beilis emigrated to Palestine and thenthe United States. The injustice appears in BernardMalamud’s novel, The Fixer. This victim of themost notorious blood libel of the 20th century alsospeaks to us through two songs in the YIVO MusicArchives, excerpted below:

Vi halt ikh dos oys? (How Do I Bear It?), com-posed by Mark Warshawsky, describes Beilis’ssuffering in prison.

“‘Vi halt men dos oys?' der yid fregt farvundert.‘How can one bear it?’ the confused Jew asks.Theologians, learned men, cannot comprehend it; they come forth with sharp protests against the dreadful blood libel. They cry out, they ask:'How can one bear it?' There, in Kiev, a black gangof ugly criminals murders a child. Mendl Beilis isthrown in prison … accused of the dreadful crime,the terrible blood libel. The tyrant … comes fortharrogantly to incite a wild pogrom.

“To sit in the court and hear the charges of theevil … prosecutor, brings hot tears to one’s eyes….There in the prison, in a dark cell, nightfall comes,like a black Torah curtain. There Mendl Beilis sits… longs … for his wife and children.… He weepssoftly and prays, ‘God, please help me! Enough,

God, You punish me too much! Ikh halt es nit oys! I cannot bear it!’”

The second song about Beiliscomes from the 1913 Yiddish playDer Martirer Mendl Beylis (TheMartyr Mendl Beilis), with words by Boris Thomashefsky and musicby Arnold Perlmutter and HermanWohl.

“Ikh bet aykh, mentsh, rebe, dertseyles, Umshuldik iz Mendl Beylis. I ap-peal to you, man, rabbi, to relate that Mendl Beilis is innocent … God,what has become of me? I have lostmy wife and children … I committedno crime, I worked hard, I carriedbricks. Ven hob ikh gekoylet a kind?When did I murder a child?”

Besides the material in the MusicArchives, the YIVO Archives containphotographs of Beilis and rare lettersthat he wrote to writers and otherprominent people.

“How Can I Bear It?”

Songs About the Mendl Beilis Blood Libel

Russian postcard "In memory of the Beilis Trial 1913" showing the jury, and a cameo portrait ofBeilis (YIVO Archives).

Sheet music of Boris Thomashefsky’s operetta entitled, “TheVictim or Mendel Beilis,” New York City (1913).

HISTORY• Judith C. Moroz of the Jewish Historical Society of

Central New Jersey donated 20 scrapbooks of con-temporary newspaper clippings assembled by LouisSchiff, entitled “Events in the Jewish and ZionistWorld, 1932-1940.”

• Seth H. Dubin donated a substantial number ofrecords of the Hebrew Technical Institute, a NewYork-based boys’ vocational school established in1884 that closed in 1939. Some records date to 1903.

• Bonnie Aidelman donated documentation on theInternational Synagogue building (which has sincebeen demolished) at the John F. Kennedy Interna-tional Airport in New York City.

• Nick Harris donated materials on the Jewish com-munity in Ireland, and YIVO Chief Archivist FrumaMohrer donated materials on the Jewish communityof Montreal.

• Yiddish educator Michael Baran donated materials onthe Jewish community of Grodno, now in Belarus.

• Louis L. Lipshutz donated a Yiddish account writtenby his father, Jacob, of a Jew murdered in Krivoi Rog,Ukraine, at the turn of the 20th century. The donationincludes Jacob Lipshutz’s musical compositions.

• The Houts and Davidoff families donated the auto-biography of Dr. Ida Fisher Davidoff, a pioneeringresearcher of the roles of educated women in Ameri-can society.

• Hannah Truth donated, via former YIVO LibrarianNikolai Borodulin, the 1934 charter of Workmen’sCircle Branch 808, a women’s branch connected to the order’s School Number 2 in the Bronx. Dr. ChavaLapin, YIVO National Board member, gave Work-men’s Circle materials.

• YIVO Archives volunteerMajus Nowogrodzki donatedmany additional documentsto the papers of Borukh Shef-ner, a prominent Yiddishjournalist and Jewish LaborBund activist.

• Wlodka Blit Robertson do-nated a large number ofadditional documents to thepapers of her father LucjanBlit, who was a Yiddish,English and Polish journalistand historian, as well as aBund activist.

• YIVO Archives volunteerHinda Jacobs donated Camp Hemshekh Yiddishist-Socialist summer campsongbooks and educationalmaterials.

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New Accessions to the YIVO Archives

Featured Collection: Iwo WesbyMusician Saved by Singer

Composer-conductor Iwo Wesby (1902-1961),born Ignacy Singer in Cracow, worked in

prewar Polish musical theaters, films and caba-rets. His papers were donated by Harold Siegel,a cousin of Wesby's late wife, Eleonor BerlinerWesby. They include forged “Aryan” papers,musical compositions, personal documents,photographs and programs of his performances.

Wesby was the musical director of Warsaw’sthen-famous “Qui Pro Quo” theater, where heworked with such major stars as Hanka Ordo-nowna (1902-1950), whose CD recordings stillenjoy brisk sales. Wesby also worked with pop-ular Polish singer Mieczyslaw Fogg (1901-1990),who was active in the anti-Nazi underground,helping Jews to hide on the "Aryan" side ofWarsaw, including Wesby, his wife Eleonor —then a dance teacher — and their daughter Olga.

Wesby was head conductor of the “NewAzazel” theater in the Warsaw ghetto. Later hejumped from a train headed to the Treblinkaextermination camp, but even his false papersdid not protect him from being caught againand sent to forced labor in Vienna. After beingreunited with his family in 1945, Wesby con-ducted orchestras in displaced persons’ camps,eventually settling in New York, where he con-tinued to compose music to popular songs.

Wedding photo-graph of Lily (now95 years old) andAaron Lefkowitz,aunt and uncle of the donor, New York City(1927). Donor: Lillian Altman.

Iwo Wesby (inset) with sheet music of a shimmy he composed for Hanka Ordonowna. Donor: Harold Siegel.


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• Rose Weiss donated a partly hand-decorated Bund announcement,on silk, of a meeting in Vitebsk,Belarus, held in May 1917.

• Miriam Zuger donated docu-ments and photographs of herfather, Abraham Troop, a Bundactivist in Rezhitsa (Rezekne),Latvia. He was subsequentlyactive in the Workmen’s Circleand in the Jewish SocialistAlliance in Philadelphia.

• Raanan Geberer donated Ameri-can Yiddish Anarchist materials,and Bruce Ballin donated materi-als relating to American Jewishradical groups in the 1960s.

• Tina Ben-Israel donated additionalmaterial about the Yiddish radiointerview conducted by her hus-band, Shlomo, with Israeli PrimeMinister Menachem Begin. Theinterview tape is also in the YIVOArchives.

• Judith Jaffe donated letters anddocuments from the collection ofher grandfather-in-law, RabbiSolomon Elchanan Jaffe, whoofficiated at the Beth HamidrashHagodol, the oldest East Euro-pean congregation in New York.

• Special thanks go to Eiran Harrisof Montreal for his steady streamof donations of antique historicaland literary documents from Jew-ish communities in many parts ofthe world.

• Special thanks are also to HannahDonner of the National YiddishBook Center for forwarding sub-stantial historical materials anddocuments received there as partof various book donations.

• Dr. Gary Kantrowitz, Ruth Lem-pert and Martin Levinson do-nated miscellaneous materials.

LANDSMANSHAFTN,FAMILY AND GENEAOLOGY • Eli Botkin donated, via Rebecca

Patt, the extensive Yiddish min-utes of the Cholevar Social andBeneficial Society, covering theyears 1942 to 1964. The town ofCholojow is in Ukraine.

• Sandra Laykind donated, in mem-ory of her father, William Seiden,membership ledgers of the FirstPilzner Benevolent Society. Thetown of Pilzno is in southernPoland.

• Morris Sorid gave significantadditional documents to therecords of the United Pruzinerand Vicinity Relief Committee.Pruzhany is located in Belarus.

• Dr. Francine Sobel Lasken donatedthe 1960 souvenir journal of theFirst Solotwiner Sick and Benevo-lent Society. Solotvina is a town inUkraine.

• Joseph Lerner donated a Yiddish-inscribed gavel of the Indepen-dent Sharogroder Ladies’ Auxili-ary. The town of Shargorod is inUkraine.

• Dr. Alice Kahn Ladas gave familyphotographs and materials on hercareer as a psychologist. She alsodonated the detailed autobiogra-phy of Dr. Theodor Bloom, aphysician and dentist, born inVienna, who settled in New Yorkin 1905.

• Michael Garkavedonated many Yiddishletters and photographsof the Garkave-Dolinskifamily, which lived inVasilishki, Skidl andother towns in the Paleof Settlement.

• Marcy Levinsondonated family pho-tographs and documen-tation of her long careeras a New York Citypublic school principal.

• Martin Robertsdonated Rabinowiczfamily photographs

taken during visits of Americanrelatives in Warsaw and Smargon(now in Belarus) in 1930.

• Jac H. Karlan donated letters andphotographs of the Feitelbergfamily and the town ofGoldingen, Latvia.

• Miriam Raphael donated manyGoldstein-Bobrow family photo-graphs from Gomel, Belarus andMt. Vernon, New York.

• Alice Canick donated familyphotographs as well as antiquepostcards with Jewish motifs.

• Lillian Altman donated familyphotographs taken in Americaand in both Dobrzyn and Bledow,Poland. Family members wereactive Labor Zionists.

• Norman Zelvin donated a photo-graph of his grandparents. Thegrandmother, Lina BesprosvanniZelvin, was a daughter of a kid-napped "cantonist" soldier in thetimes of Tsar Nicholas I.

• Iris Lane Struber donated a largequantity of family letters, docu-ments and photographs as well as many antique postcards withJewish motifs.

• Irene Gelin donated additionalcorrespondence between hergrandparents conducted fromLodz and Riga before theymarried.


New Accessions [continued from page 23]

New Year card sent to the family ofMiriam Raphael, the donor, from theLower East Side. Person pictured is notidentified, New York City (1908/09).

Postcardadvertising the PalestinianJewish “Hassolel”newspaper pub-lishers (pre-1936).Donor: Iris LaneStruber.

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• Aviva Benemy donated a 1936Yiddish letter written from Haifaby her father, Joseph Adler,describing the political situationin Mandatory Palestine.

• Allen Standard donated a letterwritten to his grandmother, whichinformed her that a cousin hadperished in Auschwitz.

• Kallia H. Boxer donated familyphotographs taken in Bialystok,Poland, during the Tsarist period.

• Faith Goldman donated docu-ments about the emigration of herhusband and father-in-law fromChina. They were Jewish refugeeswho were able to leave Chinaonly in the late 1950s.

HOLOCAUST• Harold Siegel donated the papers

of the Polish-Jewish theatricalcomposer and conductor IwoWesby and his wife, Eleonor. (See featured collection.) Thepapers include forged identitydocuments.

• Carol Wilson of the Swiss Benevo-lent Society donated documentsabout the survival of Ria LopesCardozo, who had Swiss citizen-ship through marriage though shewas born and lived in Holland.The documents also pertain toLopes Cardozo’s unsuccessfuleffort to save her family.

• Rachel Klein donated additionaldocuments on her family’s intern-ment on a Danube river barge andin a Hungarian detention camp;after an 18-month struggle, theymanaged to reach the UnitedStates in November 1939.

• Professor Dov Levin donatedsubstantial additional materials to his papers, which mostly re-late to the Jewish community inLithuania during the Holocaust.

• Isidor Friedman donated hisdetailed account in Yiddish ofsurvival in the Komi AutonomousRepublic in Siberia, to whichmany Polish Jewish refugees weredeported during World War II.

• Harry Demby donated materialsabout his survival in the Siauliaighetto in Lithuania.

• The Yiddish account in poeticform of Simon Makon’s survivalin several ghettos, and of hisescape from a train to Treblinka,

was donated by his son, SolomonMakon.

• Eva Zysman gave manuscripts ofher slightly fictionalized shortstories, written in English, basedon her experiences in Nazi-occupied Europe.

• Manfred Weininger and Dr.Christane M. Pabst jointly do-nated their work on SergeantAnton Schmidt, who paid withhis life for aiding the resistancemovement in the Vilna ghetto.

• Professor Manuel Sanudo ofQueens College/CCNY donatedthe extensive Abraham H. Bermancollection of educational materialson the Holocaust. Dr. LawrenceNessman donated his own col-lection of similar materials.

• Ziemowit Fedecki donated, viaRegina Paul-Bloxham, selectedNazi proclamations about Poleshiding Jews and lists of those exe-cuted for doing so.

LITERATURE, LANGUAGEAND CULTURE• Felix Shuster donated the papers

of his father, Joseph, co-editor ofSoviet literary monthly SovetishHeymland, one of the world’sleading Yiddish publications forfour decades. Joseph Shustereventually emigrated to Israel.

• Rochelle Lederman Abelson do-nated a letter from the Yiddishpoet Ruvn Aizland addressedjointly to the Yiddish poet Mani

Leib and to the Yiddish essayistJoseph Kissin.

• Dr. Jeanne Anderson donated let-ters written by the Yiddish novel-ist and playwright Fishl Bimko tovaudevillian Philip Carr.

• Bert Chernin gave many lettersfrom the Yiddish actor and can-tor Noah Nachbush and from the Yiddish novelist and poetLamed Shapiro. Included in thisdonation are three unpublishedNachbush recordings.

• Hershel Post donated, via LynSlome of the American JewishHistorical Society, Yiddish andHebrew manuscripts written byhis father, David, who was activein the Labor Zionist Alliance andother organizations in Milwaukee.

• Paul Liebhaber and Beverly Ferenmade separate donations of ma-terials relating to current Yiddishcultural activities in Florida.

MUSIC AND THEATER• Ben Spaisman donated the exten-

sive papers of his mother, Zypora,who for nearly half a century wasa star of the Folksbine YiddishTheater in New York. Thisdonation includes many audioand video performance tapes.

• Morris Wyszgorod do-nated additional materialsfor the papers of the Yiddish-English stage andfilm actor LeibLensky.

• ProfessorNahmaSandrow gaveaudiotapes ofinterviews ofYiddish actorsshe conductedin the course ofher research for her history ofthe Yiddish theater.

• Yiddish actor David Rogow do-nated additional documents to thecollection of his papers alreadypreserved in the YIVO Archives.

• Beatrice Ringel donated the pa-pers of her husband, CantorIrving Ringel, who served con-gregations in New York City and


Sidor Belarsky inthe title role ofMykola Lysenko's"Taras Bulba,"presented by theRussian OperaCompany, New York City (1930s).Donor: IsabelBelarsky.[continued on page 26]

Zypora Spaisman appearing in a Folks-bine Theater production of "Hard to be aJew" by Sholem Aleichem, New YorkCity (1995). Photo: Carol Rosegg. Donor:Ben Spaisman.

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Detroit. The papers include hiscompositions and unpublishedrecordings.

• Vivana Brodey donated the largeJewish musical collection of hersister Marianna Esther Brodey, asolo singer and member of severalJewish and other choirs, as well asa music instructor in New York.

• Michael Ezer donated, via Yev-genia Sheinman, the papers of the Soviet Yiddish singer MikhailEpelbaum, possibly the first per-son to perform publicly in Yid-dish following Stalin’s death.

• Isabel Belarsky donated manyadditional documents for thepapers of her late father, SidorBelarsky. Included in this do-nation are record masters ofseveral of his Yiddish recordings.

• Muriel Kaplan donated materialsrelating to the Yiddish-Americansinger and folklorist Ruth Rubin.

• Chana Mlotek, YIVO Music Archi-vist, donated manuscripts of little-known musical compositions byMoses Kligsberg, a longtime YIVOarchivist.

• Claire Stadtmauer donated sheet music editions of variousoperettas by Abraham Goldfaden,father of the Yiddish theater.

• Pauline Doynow donated a manu-script of Solomon Golub’s compo-sitions. Golub was a leadingcomposer of Yiddish art songs.

• Morris I. Gerber donated pub-lished Jewish sheet music andanthologies of Jewish music.

• Gidaly Dorfman donated variousprograms of recent Jewish musicfestivals in Europe.

• Judith Brin Ingber donated herunpublished study of the fate ofJewish dancers during the Holo-caust.

• Mark Gladstone donated a photo-graph and an audiotape of hisgrandmother, Sonia, who sang inYiddish choirs, as well as sheetmusic and recordings of Jewishmusic.

• Recordings of Jewish music weredonated by Myril Bennett Axel-rod, Estelle and Louis Baron,Evelyn Eber, Ann Golub, GladysHopkowitz, Shirley Leids, MosheLeopold, Abe Liebling (via EdithForman), YIVO Executive Direc-tor Dr. Carl Rheins, Dr. ChanaSchachner and Ellen Share of theWashington Hebrew Congrega-tion in Potomac, Maryland.

• Andreas Schmitges donated a fullset of storyboards from an exhibitabout klezmer music currentlytouring Germany.

ART AND ARTIFACTS• Carolyn Tobias gave additional

materials on the career of her hus-band, Abraham Joel Tobias, whowas primarily a muralist andwhose work is part of a numberof buildings in New York Stateand at Howard University inWashington, D.C. She also gavean original lithograph by LeonardBaskin.

• Marilyn Dornhelm donated Yid-dish letters of BaruchDornhelm, a prominentsilversmith active inCentral Europe in thesecond half of the 19thcentury. She also includedthe lyrics to a dozen songssung by the AcademicSociety Yiddish Culture in Vienna in 1910.

• Professor Rochelle G.Ruthchild donated threesets of lithographs bySoviet artist AnatoliKaplan derived fromJewish folklore andYiddish literature.

• Barbara Klion donatedmaterials about the career

of the Warsaw-based artist ChaimGoldberg, much of whose workwas published on postcards. Hedid not survive the Holocaust.

• Janette and Danny Lesser, via An-dreas Schmitges, gave a Friendsof Yiddish Culture poster fromLondon in 1945.

• Dr. Edy Kaufman donated a pos-ter commemorating the heroicHolocaust rescue activities ofOskar Schindler.

• YIVO National Board memberMartin Peretz donated a largeposter published in Moscow in1941 on the 19th anniversary ofthe death of the famed Yiddishwriter Yitskhok Leybush Peretz.

• Flora Steinman gave the papers of her father, Rabbi Hyman L.Molod, a shoykhet, publishedauthority on kashruth and thePresident of the Rabbinical Su-pervisors Union. The donationincludes a set of antique kosherslaughtering knives.

• YIVO Head Librarian AvivaAstrinsky donated an antiqueMogen Dovid-shaped aid appealfrom the Jewish National Fund in New York.

• Julia D. Friedel donated a tallisand set of tefilin that her father,Louis Desgun, may have broughtwith him from Russia in 1907.

FILM, PHOTOGRAPHIC ANDVISUAL • Ilsa Wagner donated 660 master

videotapes of “The Jewish Enter-tainment Hour,” a New Yorktelevision program produced and hosted by her husband, GaryWagner, from 1965 to 2002. Theprograms constitute a veritableencyclopedia of Jewish enter-tainment and include interviewswith American and Israeli poli-ticians. She also donated nearly500 recordings of Jewish music, as well as other materials andequipment.

• Margaret Siegal Weiss donated afilm made by her father, MorrisSiegal, of his 1936 visit to hishometown of Zborow, now inUkraine. Her gift also includedextensive genealogical materials.

New Accessions [continued from page 25]


Jewish soldiersfrom Palestineserving in theBritish armyduring WWII. Thephoto was takenin North Africa.Donor: MajusNowogrodzki.

• Yakov Kopelansky donated, at the recommendation of Prof. DovLevin, videotapes he made duringtrips to Vizhun (Vizuonos) andneighboring towns in Lithuania.The tapes include the donor’s nar-rative about the area’s Jewish pre-war communal life and its fateduring the Holocaust, both ofwhich he personally experienced.

• Minna Packer donated a video-tape entitled “Back to Gombin.”The town is located in Poland.

• Oscar Berland donated a video-tape of the Modicot Yiddish Pup-pet Theater, established by thepainters Yosl Kotler and ZuniMaud. It was active in New York City in the 1930s.

• Bernard Aptaker donated an edu-cational video about the Holo-caust entitled “Why Us?”

• Carin Evans and Michelle Bein-hacker jointly donated, via HalLewis, several feature films madein the 1930s and 1940s, including“Dream of My People,” whichstarred Cantor Yossele Rosenblatt.The gift is in honor of their grand-father, Philip S. Lewis.

• Special thanks to Larry Geismarfor donating two VCR machinesdesigned for the handling of 3/4-inch tapes.

• Livia Turkel donated 55 rare,high-definition glass lanternslides of the town of Rezhitsa,Latvia, taken in the 1920s.

• Victor and Norah Mayper donatedprewar photographs of the townof Rumsiskes, Lithuania.

• Madeleine Okladek donated aphotograph of the Nesher soccerteam, taken in the town of Warta,Poland, in the 1930s.

• Leo Hershkowitz donated a pho-tograph relating to the AmericanJoint Distribution Committee'sactivities in Brest Litovsk (now in Belarus) from the early 1920s.

• Professor Allan Nadler and TobyAppleton made a joint donationof a set of post-war photographsof Lublin, Poland.

• Fay Bloom Itzkowitz donated ear-ly photographs of Yiddish schoolsin New York and others of her fam-ily in Losice and Goniadz, Poland.

• Rhoda Newman donated photo-graphs of her mother, the Yiddishwriter and diarist Hannah SafranBially, whose papers are on depo-sit at the YIVO Archives. FellowYiddish writers and journalistsare also pictured.

• Rose Fogel donated photographsof the Borokhov Labor Zionist-oriented school taken in 1938 inLodz, Poland. Also included werephotographs of the displaced per-sons’ camp in Feldafing, Germany.

Arc

hiv

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A delegate from the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee registers needy Jews for relief inBrisk, Poland (1920s). Donor: Leo Hershkowitz.

The life of Dr. Frank Rosenblatt (1882–1927), took himfrom his scholarly family in Lapin, a small shtetl in

Russia, to the United States, and then back to Russia as arepresentative of the Joint Distribution Committee (JDC).The Rosenblatt archival material, donated by his grand-daughter Emily Ford, focuses on his experience with theJDC. It includes reports, minutes of meetings, newspapersand a vast correspondence, mostly from officials of theJDC, United States and Soviet government agencies andfamily correspondence with his wife and children.

The son of a merchant and Talmudic scholar, Rosenblattseemed destined to follow in his father's footsteps andbecome a rabbi. After studying in yeshivas and a secularhigh school, he was influenced by Zionist and socialist-Bundist ideas. Facing arrest, he escaped to Switzerland,and moved to the United States in 1903.

He worked in a New York shop while continuing hisstudies, graduating in 1910 from Columbia Universitywith a Ph.D. in philosophy. Rosenblatt became an expert

on American tariff law, wrote extensively under the nameof Ben Yakir for the Yiddish and English press, and in1915 was elected general secretary of the Workmen’sCircle. In 1919 he was appointed JDC representative in the Russian Far East.

With the political order in Russia in flux at the end ofWorld War I, Rosenblatt sought to help the Jewish popu-lation recover after suffering through the war, pogroms,murders and the continued fighting of the White armies.He also collected documents, newspapers and other ma-terial reflecting the general situation in Russia, with aspecial emphasis on the Jewish populations.

In subsequent years he established the Frank Mauricepublishing house, where he served as president. SolomonKrystal, long-term YIVO National Board member andvolunteer, arranged the collection. For researchers andhistorians of this period, the archival material in the Dr.Frank Rosenblatt Collection holds many original itemsand is a rich source of information.

WWI JDC Representative Frank Rosenblatt’s Collection Available

YIV

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ors


Atran Foundation, Inc.

Charles H. Revson Foundation, Inc.

Conference on Jewish MaterialClaims Against Germany, Inc.

Righteous Persons Foundation

Francesca and Bruce Slovin

Smart Family FoundationCindy and David Stone

The Nash Family FoundationHelen and Jack Nash

Van Cortlandt Workmen’s CircleCommunity House

Motl Zelmanowicz

Estate of Israel M. Zeligman

DONORS OF $5,000 AND ABOVE

The YIVO Institute for Jewish Research thanks the following donors for helping to preserve ourJewish heritage through their generous support. In the last issue, Yedies acknowledged gifts of

$1,000 - $4,999. This issue recognizes donors of $5,000 and above from June 1, 2002 - May 31, 2003.

GIFTS OF $50,000 AND ABOVE

Access IndustriesEmily and Len Blavatnik

David Berg Foundation

Dibner Fund, Inc.David Dibner

Ann and Irwin Jacobs

Rosa and David M. Polen

SDA Enterprises, Inc.Dr. Edward L. Steinberg S. Daniel Abraham

Diane and Joseph S. Steinberg

Stanley and Ethel Glen FamilyFoundationRosina K. Abramson and Jeffrey Glen

The Robert Wood JohnsonFoundationStuart Schear

Estate of Pearl Heifetz

Estate of Arnold Sisk

American Stock Transfer CompanyGeorge KarfunkelLeah and Michael Karfunkel

Beate and Joseph D. Becker

Eliane Bukantz

Hyman and Rita Cohen

Datascope CorporationCarol and Lawrence Saper

Ernst & YoungKatherine and Gerald D. Cohen

FAB Industries, Inc.Halina and Samson Bitensky

Jerrold P. Fuchs and Jane Harvey

Michael J. Fuchs

Elizabeth and Max Gitter

Gittis Family FoundationHoward Gittis

Diane and Mark Goldman

Yvette and Larry Gralla

Greystone & Co.Stephen Rosenberg

Andrea and Warren Grover

H.G. Feldman Charitable FoundationDorothy and David Rothbart

Harry and Celia ZuckermanFoundation, Inc.Mark Zuckerman

Fanya Gottesfeld Heller

HSBC Bank USA

Jesselson FoundationErica JesselsonLinda and Michael Jesselson

Kekst and Company IncorporatedCarol and Gershon Kekst

Ronald I. Kravitz

Lancer GroupMichael Lauer

Lehrer McGovern Bovis

Ruth and David A. Levine

The Max and Anna LevinsonFoundation

Jacob Morowitz

Open Society Institute

Doris and Martin Payson

Anna and Dr. Martin Peretz

Drs. Arlene and Arnold Richards

Charles J. Rose

Salo W. and Jeannette M. BaronFoundation, Inc.

Morris and Alma Schapiro Fund

Starr Foundation

Vera Stern

Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & KatzToby and Bernard Nussbaum

Cathy and Seymour Zises

Estate of Lillian Katz



YIV

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ors

JUNE 1, 2002 – MAY 31, 2003

Anonymous

Bank of America

Beyer Blinder BelleRichard Blinder

Ann and Kenneth J. Bialkin

Lotte and Ludwig Bravmann

Edythe and Eli Broad

Edgar M. Bronfman

Sharon and Jeffrey W. Casdin

Stanley Chais

Caren and Dr. Arturo Constantiner

Bernice and Donald G. Drapkin

Caryl and Israel A. Englander

Claire and Joseph H. Flom

Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co.Kindy and Emanuel Friedman

Ellen and Bud Gibbs

Carl Glick

Nathan Goldstein

Ulla and Dr. Steven F. Harwin

Herman Kaiser FoundationRandolph M. Nelson

Kenneth M. Jacobs

Jewish Genealogical Society

J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.Anne and William B. Harrison, Jr.

Matthew H. Kamens

Susan and Jerome L. Katz

Carolyn and Steven Kotler

Carol and Earl I. Mack

Betty and Leo Melamed

Jonathan I. Mishkin

New York Metropolitan Referenceand Research Library Agency

Harold Ostroff

Rebecca Patt and Avram Patt

Ronald O. Perelman

Philipp Brothers Chemical, Inc.Jack Bendheim

Lionel I. Pincus

R.A.K. Group, LLCRandy Kohana

Rebecca E. Rieger

Sanders Morris & Harris Don Sanders

Joan and Richard J. Scheuer

Samuel J. Silverstein

Carol A. Stahl

Sharon and Fred Stein

Valerie Charles Diker Fund, Inc.Valerie and Charles Diker

Victor & Monica MarkowiczCharitable Trust

Vinson & Elkins L.L.P.Harry M. Reasoner

Waisbord FamilyJacob WaisbordMyra and Dr. Herman Treitel

Claudia and William Walters

Frances Weinstein

West End Financial Advisors, LLCDr. Louise Crandall and WilliamLandberg

Zantker Charitable Foundation, Inc.Joseph H. Miller

Estate of Bernard Schepartz


Aconfirmation class from Congregation Agudas Achim in Austin, Texas, visited YIVO during its spring break tourto places of both Jewish and secular interest in New York and Washington. Over cookies and soda, the 14 students

from the Conservative synagogue met with Executive Director Carl Rheins who told them about the YIVO Institute’shistory and mission. Brad Sabin Hill, Dean of the Library, gave them a tour of the YIVO Rare Book Room. At the end of their visit, the students, all fourth-generation Jewish-Americans, each received as a confirmation gift a copy of EastEuropean Jews in Two Worlds, edited by Deborah Dash Moore (Northwestern University Press/YIVO, 1990).

One of the Texas students views photos from YIVO’s recent exhibitionon the Jewish Labor Bund.

YIVO Executive Director Dr. Carl Rheins demonstrates the restorationof treasured books and manuscripts in the Preservation Laboratory.

YIVO Welcomes Texas High School Students


Lett

ers


Readers are encouraged to write to YIVO by regular mail or e-mail.

Alumni Updates

Dr. Joanna Lisek of Wroclaw Uni-versity (Poland) was the MariaSalit-Gitelson Tell Fellow for 2001at YIVO. Her lecture, held onOctober 30, 2001, explored "TheIdentity of the Artistic Group'Yung-Vilne.'" Lisek’s disserta-tion reviewer was Dr. MonikaAdamczyk Garbowska of MariaSklodowska-Curie University(Lublin, Poland), the Vivian LefskyHort Memorial Fellow at YIVO for 2002 and also a consultant to the Educational Program on Yid-dish Culture (EPYC) at YIVO.

I am glad toinform YIVO that I havefinished mymonograph on the history of Yung-Vilne.Three weeks ago I defended mydissertation … Igot a very good(A) grade in theexam, and boththe dissertationand the defensewere acceptedunanimously

by the examination board. Mydissertation was also submittedfor publication and an award.

I wish to thank you once morefor your help. I am fully awarethat my thesis would have beenincomplete if I hadn't had theopportunity to do research atYIVO. My dissertation alsoincludes materials from theCentral State Archives of Lithu-ania and the Jewish Museum inVilnius. What is more, I reallyenjoyed my stay in New York. It was a great, unforgettableadventure.

Sincerely yours,Joanna Lisek

In the Winter 2002 issue of

Yedies, I am listed as a recipientof a YIVO scholarship granted50 years ago. I got my doctoratefrom Columbia and since 1961 Ihave been on the faculty of theUniversity of Minnesota.

I am still a member of YIVO. As a visiting Professor at theUniversity of Munich in 1985and at the University of Amster-dam in 1987, I taught seminarson Yidishkayt in the UnitedStates. Some of those seminarparticipants continued theirstudies at YIVO and Columbia.In addition, last year the Min-nesota Historical Society pub-lished my book on Jews ofMinnesota. I am listed in Yediesas Chaim Berman, but here I amknown as Hy. I hope that thiswill indicate that the scholarshipof 50 years ago was appreciatedand useful.

Hyman Berman (via e-mail)

* * *

Great EPYC Training

How do I even thank you? Youhave provided me with such atruly wonderful learning oppor-tunity — one that surely haschanged my life. I was able tostudy with engaging instructors,grapple with inspiring curricu-lum and meet with the bestpeople YIVO has to offer. Thankyou so much for making it pos-sible for me to attend the EPYCtraining and to bring valuablematerials back to my students. Ihope this is the beginning of aclose relationship … personallyand professionally with YIVOand Dr. Adina Cimet, the ProjectDirector. (See EPYC, p. 7)

Sameya Helen GewirtzDirector of Education

Temple Beth AmSeattle, WA

Requests

I am looking for information onB’nai Rezitza, a landsmanshaftfounded in 1893 and incorpo-rated in 1927 by Jewish immi-grants from Rezekne, Latvia(Russian until 1917). I do notknow what language the recordsare in, and I wonder if they areaccessible as I am doing researchon those who immigrated fromthis town to America.

Lavi S. SolowayNew York, NY

The YIVO Archives does possessthe B’nai Rezitza Association, Inc.file, symbol RG 918. The file con-tains the constitution, minutes ofthe years 1956-1970, financialrecords, correspondence and acemetery map. The minutes wereprobably taken in Yiddish. TheYIVO archivist on duty will assistyou. No appointment is necessary.

* * *I am trying to locate informationon the Kaiserwald Concentra-tion Camp in Riga, Latvia. Ihave found many oral interviewtranscripts but I am unable tofind a blueprint, description,photo, dates of construction,closure, etc.

Sophie Wilzig-Garcia (via email)

The following sources containinformation about the camp:

1) Encyclopedia of the Holo-caust (Israel Guttman, ed.); Vol. 2, pp. 777-778

2) Pinkat ha-Kehilot: Latvi’yahve-Estoni’yah (‘orekh Dov Levin);pp. 287-290

3) Yidn in Letland (MendlBobeh); pp. 227-231

4) Yahadut Latvi’yah: seferzikaron (ha-orkhim B. Eli’av, M.Bobeh, A. Kremer); pp. 337-338

* * *

Letters to YIVO

Joanna Lisek

Requests

I am trying to locate records ofthe Kalischer Lodge #59, whichwas based in New York, andwhich some of my ancestorswere members of.

Raymond M Simpson (via email)

The YIVO Archives has thefollowing records on Kalisz:

1) Kalisher Social Verein2) Kalisher Landsmanshaft and

Vicinity, Workmen’s Circle Branch361: Non-Partisan ReliefCommittee.

* * *My grandmother was fromKonin and contributed familypictures to the Konin MemorialBook. I would like to visit YIVOand look at the book, but wouldneed assistance as I don’t speakor read Yiddish.

Bess KirnieSyracuse, NY

The YIVO Library has the KoninMemorial book. Our referencelibrarian will assist you with theYiddish.

* * *

Thanks

I am writing my dissertation ontravels in Yiddish literature andthe press and I spent almost thewhole month reading periodicalson microfilm at the YIVO library.I am grateful to Yeshaya Metaland Herbert Lazarus. Withouttheir help I would not have beenable to find as much material asI needed for my research.

Zayt gezunt,Paola Sannino

Queen’ s UniversityBelfast, Northern Ireland

Thanks

For the last two months, I haveresearched Chaim Zhitlowsky atthe YIVO library. I am writing to thank your library and speci-fically Herbert Lazarus, who not only introduced me to theintricacies of the YlVO cataloguesystem, but also took an interestin my project. It is not easy tophotocopy from old microfilms,and he patiently showed mehow to cope with them. Hiscollegial attitude has made mysearch both more efficient andmore pleasant.

Sincerely yours, Karen Rosenberg

Montclair, NJ

YIVO Mission 2003

Because my maternal grand-mother and grandfather camefrom Latvia and Lithuaniarespectively, this trip had greatmeaning for me. It far exceededmy expectations. It was a pre-cious opportunity to connectwith the Jewish communities inthe Baltic nations and in Moscowas well, and to learn, first hand,how vibrant these communities,which went through so much inyears past, are today. My trip-mates added so much to thisexperience, and I am grateful to YIVO for organizing thisoutstanding effort.

Joan D. LevinChicago, IL


Letters should be sent to YIVO at 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011-6301 or via e-mail to [email protected].

Lett

ers

YIVO Mission 2003 at the memorial in Rumbula Forest, near Riga, Latvia, where 25,000 Jews from the Riga Ghetto were murdered on November 30 and December 8, 1941.

Phot

o by

Joan

D. L

evin

Letters to YIVO

Join YIVO’s e-mail listKeep on top of the latest news from YIVO. Find out about programs and events

not advertised in our regular calendars and newsletters. Learn about new featuresand resources added to our web site. To subscribe to YIVO e-mail, use the “Send UsYour Feedback” link on our web site: www.yivo.org.

y YIVO News Summer 2003

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gr v†y zhl tuhl †Pdgaygky tuh;sh PuckheTmhgx pui sgr druPgw shsr zaurbTki hhuubbdd--uuuuhhkkbbggpui 4391-53-63 tuh; zhhgrg nurh-srl ≈ zkni

rhhzgiw sgr rgsTey†r puiuuuuhhkkbbggrryy††dd nav eukcTew sgr P†gy tuikgrgr tui nTex uubrlw sgrphk†k†d tui †bphrgr pubgo hHuu†w uuhtuhl sgr drhbdgr pui sgr ehbsgr-cTuugdubd Ichi"/ x xumeguugrw xkhhzgr uu†k; zgbgi dguugi Teyhuu thiIchi" aPgygr thz xumeguugr dguugiTi TxPhrTby co hHuu†/

sgr muuhhygr v†y dgrgsy s"rzun†;w uu†x gr v†y Truhxdgdgcigykgfg chfkgl tuh; gbdkha nhy shuugre pui akuo-gkhfow dkTyayhhiwmçh tzbnTi tuiw pTrayhhy zhlwxumeguugr tui nhrTbxeh/ gr v†yphrdgkhhgby pTri guko zbg thcgr-zgmubdgi pui gykgfg khsgr xumeg-uugrx nhy gykgfg nakho nhrTbxehx/gr v†y tuhl Trundgrgsy sh Pr†c-kgngi thi a˙fu, nhy thcgrzgmi tuidguu†rby sgo gukow Tz Tphku sg-n†ky uugi sgr njcr kgcy tui ngegi zhl nhy tho gmvi thz ngi bhaythi dTbmi cTuu†rby pui T ygu,///

muo xu; v†y ngi dgzgi sgo phkoThe uarrew kuhy drTsgx cTrhnygrsgrmhhkubd In˙i erhd nhy vhrarTxhhbgr"/ thi zi Trbphr muo phkov†y Pr†p' bTskgr sgrmhhky uugdizbg cTdgdgbhai nhy drTsgi tuitho zhhgr uuTrgo tui rhrbshe †Pdg-n†ky/ drTsgw sgr hahçv-cjur tui≤knhs-nuçve pubgo jzui-thaw thzxu;-Fk-xu; Tuuge pui ≤urv-kgrbgitui Tri thi Ihubd-uuhkbg"/ b†r grthz bgcgl dgckhci T mgaP†kygbgbanv ≈ c cbh-≤urv thz gr ngrbhay dguugi thi sgr vhhow b†rmuuhai uugkykgfg arcgrx v†y grtuhl bhay dgpubgi ehhi ru/ nhy zithhdgbgo Tuugedhhi pui sgr hahçvv†y gr ehhi n†k bhay akuo dg-nTfy/ Tzuh Tz zi Ierhd"w uuU sgrngr bhay dkhhchegr Ijhho uuhkbgr"ygbvy zhl tuhx nhyi b†l Tk. pru-ngi vhra rTxhhbgrw auhi b†fi hHshaijurci thhr†Pgw thz thi sgr tn,i Terhd muuhai sgo hubdiw b†l Tk.prungi drTsg nhyi auhi gkygriwIeTkhg"-dguu†rgbgo drTsg/

T Fkkw Ti †uuby uu†x ng'y kTbddgsgbegi!

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The Quarrel

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dguugi pTrbungi nhy stdu, Prbxvw†cgr rujbhu, v†y pTrbungi T druh-xi †ry thi dTbmi kgci/ pTri danhu,thz dguugi uuhhbhegr my/ †cgr Ishbanv egi ngi p†ry bhaytuhxaPgi"w v†y ngi bTyhrkgldgnuzy gxi/ †cgr bhay c Tkgngithz dguugi ≤nhs uu†x/// c T d†rvhPagr m†k pTnhkhgx pui gnl thzs†x dguugi T Pr†ckgo/

s†x gxi thz dguugi zhhgr tbpTl/gx thz dguugi cTzhry tuh; muuhhvuhPy-Tryhekgi ≈ auuTrmi cruhytui cukcgx/ sgr srhygr Tryhek thzdguugi Izuhgrx"w s†x nhhby curhegx)c†ray(w eruhyw ayaTuu/sgrkhyuuhagr hHsw uu†x thz dguugi †pyT Iehcgmgr" kdch zhlw ≈ v†ydganhhfky thi c†rs Tri thcgr zhlTkhhiw ≈ v†y nhr sgrmhhky T ngåvuugdi T hHauçbhew uu†x v†y thi sgrprh grç huo-FhPur dgdgxi T huo-yuçshei n†kmy: vuiw ergPkgl tuimhngx/ s†x uuc prgdy thow mh grthz muprhsi nhy sh ntfkho/ ITuusthwgbypgry grw †cgr †i T chxk zuhgrxchi thl d†r ehhi ngbya bhay"/

sh r†k pui sh cukcgx thz dguugithhbg pui sh drgxyg thi sgr cT-aPzubd pui sh khyuuhag hHsi/cukcgx v†y ngi dgdgxi †py 2Ω3n†k T y†d thi pTrahhsgbg mu-ayTbsi ≈ dga†cgbgw dge†fyg )nhymhcgkgx tui pgpgr(w dgcTeyg tuinhy IPgkmkgl" dge†fyg )ckuhz†PdguuTai tui dge†fy(/ T dgcTeyg

cukcg pkgdy †py zi sh thhbmhegzTl tuh; IthcgrmufTPi"w x'z†k bhayImHgi thi vTrmi"/ Tdç v†y ngi s†lsh cukcg dgegby gxi Ibhay dguuT-agbgrvhhy sh vgby" tui humt zinhy sgr eurmgr crfv Icurt Prhv†snv"/ sh ngkvw uu†x thz dguugituh; sgo ergshy pui sgr cukcgwv†y †bdgvTkyi hgsi y†d )Izubyhecukcgw n†byhe cukcg" tTz"uu puip†kexkhs(/

sh cukcg thz tuhl dguugi T nhi nithi khygw pui uugkfg ngi v†y dg-e†by tui yTeg dgnTfy pTrahhsgbgntfkho/ x'thz auugr tuhxmurgfgbgiTkg e†nchbTmhgx pui cukcgxw uu†xsh khyuuhag hHsi v†ci cTbumy/ zhhgrP†Pukgr zgbgi dguugi dgcTeyg c†b-sgx/ ngi v†y gx dgdgxi ngrxyiyhhk thi eTkyimuayTbs/ †cgrIbTagrx" )vhyzhl pui shTn†khegkhyuuhagbTagrx!( v†cikhc dgvTy Tvhhxg c†bsgwuugr rgsy nhyxngygbg †sgrnhy T ayhekPuygr )†cgrs†x v†ci zhldge†by sgrkuhcish rfgrg cTkgcTyhag pTnhkhgx(/

sgr Inkl" pui Tkg cukcgbgntfkho thz dguugi T yhhdgf./ shmgrhcgbg eTry†pk v†y ngitbdgnhay nhy T chxk ngkw mg-crgekyg mhcgkgxw TrbdgnhayPuygr tui Tuugedgaygky thi T pTithi tuhuui muzTngi nhyi cruhy †sgrx≤o thi T vhhxi tuhuui/ pui sh mgrh-cgbg tui tuhxdgsrheyg eTry†pk-yhhd v†y ngi tuhl dgnTfy ekhhbgebhhskglw uugkfg ngi v†y dgdgxithi nhkfheg dgegfyx )zuP(/

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T bTmh†bTkgr ntfk thz dguugiIPuxyg pha"w uu†x T aPTxgr Ts†rphagr Tdr†b†o v†y tpar TzTb†ngi dgdgci Fsh mumudgci ngrTPgyhy/ IPuxyg pha" thz cTayTbgipui mgabhygbg †Pdga†cgbg eTr-y†pk )thi khyg v†y ngi dga†ciwbhay dgahhkyw eTry†pkw gx z†kjkhkv bhay Tuuge thi bhuug. mu phkpui sgr cukcg(/ ngi v†y ehhi mhcg-kg pTr Puxyg pha bhay dgzaTkg-uugyw tuhl T chxk mudgpgpgry/uuhbygrmy pkgdy ngi TrbdgcianTk.w zungr ≈ T ayhek Puygrwxngygbg †sgr anTby )xngyTbeg(/

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cfkk thz zhl ehhi ekhhi-aygyk-shegr hHs bhay cTdTbdgi †i thhdgbgIdgzgmyg" cukcgx/ v†y gr dgvTyT dgryk †sgr T d†ryi kgci ziayucw †sgr T chxk uuygr puiayucw v†y gr s†ryi pTrzgmythhdgbg cukcgx/

uu†rmkgi

z YIVO News Summer 2003

s

tubszgrg hHshag Iuu†rmkgi"

Profiles of a Lost World

vhra

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nhy zbg naPjv

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hbgo prHgrshei bungr hhsshhgguu,,thz dguugi †Pdgsrueyw tuh;

gbdkhaw T cTrhfy uugdi sgow uu†xmuuhh chckh†ygegrx pui hHuu† zgbgidgp†ri euhpi jxhshag chfkgl thi

uuhkhTnxcurd/ muuhai sh s†zhegebhu, thz x'thbygrgxTbyxyg tpardguugiddggpphhkk uuuuggrryyggrr]Tzuh[w uu†xx'thz Truhx thi cbh-crew hårtk )†ih†r(/ thbgo Trbphr arcy sh nj-crygw mhkv nrdkh,w Tz sgr mhk puicul thz s†x cTrfgri sh aPrTl)hHshaw pTrayhhy zhl( pui sh ehbsgrcFkk tui zhhgr hfuk, tuhxmusrheidgphki cpry/ x'cul thz rl thku-xyrhryw Fsh s†x ehbs z†k rgsiuugdi sgr cTkgcTyhaehhyw uugdi sh cTmHubdgi nhy yTyg-nTng tuinhy sh Tbsgrg ehbsgrw uugdi sh huo-yuçho tTz"uu/

x'thz yaheTuug uu†x thi T chfkuugdi dgphkuugrygr rgsy zhl tuhluugdi mudrhhyi xTkTyw bhmi Taruhpi-mHgr ts"dk / pTrTi thi sgochfk tuhl aPrTfeurh†zi/ knakwsgr dTbmgr ygexy thz dgsrueynhyi puki bheus )tubygr Tkg e†bx†-bTbyi( ≈ s"vw T xl ngr uuh kuhy sh≤ebu, pui hHshai tuhxkhhdw cag, s†thi bhu-h†re bhmi sh jxhshag sruei

†sgr thi dTbmi bhay ehhi bheus†sgr uuhhbhegr uuh x'p†sgri sh≤ebu,/ sgr tuhxkhhd thz muo yhhksyangrhaw nhy ayung ghbx tuivtgiw †cgr b†r muo yhhkw bhaytuhxdgvTkyi/ tuhl thi pTrdkl nhysh bhu-h†regr PuckheTmhgx thzyaheTuugw uu†x sh njcryg bhmybhay ehhi Tbdkhmhzngi mh gçrh≤hz-ngi ≈ uuh ng zgy tuhpi chksw knakwzgbgi sh ygrnhbgi Tkg hHshag/syangrhzngiw uuhsgrw thz h† s† Txl/ sgr drTnTyhagr nhi thz tuhlbhay b†rnhry ≈ nhy ssggrrww sshhww ss††xxzgbgi zhh bhay auuv-cauuv/

pubsgxyuugdi thz ek†rw Tz s†xcul thz T duy nhyk mu kgrbgi nhyiehbs uuh Tzuh zhl mu phri tui uuh Tzuhmu rgsi sgruugdi tuhl/ sh hHuu†-chckh†yge vTky thi sgrdTbmi tuipTrcgxgri thrg zTnkubdgi pui sgrvbmyhegr jxhshagr khygrTyurtuh; hHsha/ nhr v†pi mu cTeungib†l T xl Tzgkfg thbygrgxTbygwe†khrheg jxhshag kgrbchfkgl/

hhbgr pui sh †bdhhgbsheg Pr†-hgeyi thi cubs-Trfhuu thz s†x

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kumhTi ckhyx b†ngi thz dguugiduy cTeTby sh hHsi pui sh aygy tuiaygykgl pui pTrnkjnvshei Puhki/gr thz dguugi T nhydkhs pui mgb-yrTk-e†nhygy pui sgr cubshagrhudby-†rdTbhzTmhg Imueubpy"w Tnhydkhs pui x†mhTkhxyhai hudby-thbygrbTmh†bTk tui ≈ thi sh kgmygh†ri pTr sgr nkjnv ≈ T rTynTithi uuTraTuugr ay†yrTy/ Trgx-yhry surl sgr x†uugyhagr P†khmhhcg, gr v†y zhl dgPrUuuy tunegriehhi uuTrag pui uuhkbgw thz gr dgzg-xi thi ruxhag ≤phxu, tui auugrdgTrcgy thi ruxhag Trcgyx-kT-dgri/ b†l zi cTprubd tuhpi xnl

pui xyTkhi-ahe†rxeh-†PnTl v†y grzhl †bdgak†xi thi sgr PuhkhagrTrnhh thi ruxkTbs tui ≈ surl thrTitui PTkgxyhbg ≈ xu;-Fk-xu; dgeu-ngi ehhi gbdkTbs/

cg, sh nkjnv-h†ri thi k†bs†ithz kumhTi ckhy dguugi T nhydkhspui sgr cubs-sgkgdTmhg/ gr thzdguugi T cTdTcygr rgsbgr tuiarcgrw tui zbg PTPhri aPhdkgi†P Ti tuhxgrdguuhhbykgl Teyhuuehhytuh; pTrahhsgbg dgchyi:•mgbskhegr Tryhekgi pTr myubdgi

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•†bsgbeuuTrd pui Tkg nhbho/

sh e†kgemhg thz Ti tn,gr tumrpui nTygrhTki pTr p†ragrx pubgos†zhei Pgrh†s/

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uu˙br˙l-mgbygr

v YIVO News Summer 2003

hi nal pui 2002-3002 v†y sgr hHuu† surdgphry 7xgnhbTri tuh; hHshaw tuhxdgrgfby tubyi thi sgr

yTcgkg/ nhr uuhki tuhxsrhei tubszgr sTbe sgo mgbygrpTr vgfgrg hHshag ayushgx co Pgxbhkuuhhbhgrtubhuugrxhygy pTr muzTngbTrcgyi nhy tubsz/ T sTbetho v†ci vh†r dgegby Truhxyrgyi c tubsz sh kgmygphr rgpgrgbyi*w uu†x zhh cTyhhkhei zhl T dTb. h†r thbgoxPgmhgki xgnhbTr co Pgbxhkuuhhbhgr mgbygr/

thi sgr xgrhg v†y tuhl dgphry T xgnhbTr Pr†p'shbv Pur, )≤k-†çhçgr tubhuugrxhygy(w tuh; gbdkhawuugdi Tct e†uubgr tui sgo tuhpeuo pui Ich, v≤pumu,")sgo 62xyi xgPygncgr(/ sgrmu v†y Pr†p' Pur,w shxyhPgbshTbyhi t"b nTrhT xTkhy-dhygkx†i ygk 2002-3002w dgrgsy sgo 52xyi pgcruTr ts"y IhHshag benvb†l sgr muuhhygr uugky-nkjnv"/ s"r nTre†x zhkcgrwuuh sgr xyhPgbshTby t"b shbv TcrTn†uuhya 2002-3002wv†y tuhl rgpgrhry sgo 01yi xgPygncgrw ts"ytuhy†b†nhg pTr hHsi cg, sgr graygr uugky-nkjnv/

xgnhbTriw 2002 -3002sTygrgsbgrygng

81yi †ey†cgr Pr†p' aknv thhsgkcgrd )hahçv-tubhuugrxhygy(hHshaehhy c thmhe nTbdgr

22xyi b†uugncgrthuu h†fb†uuh. )bhu-h†regr tubhuugrxhygy(vgrguusheg Faru, )uugdi gxbuuTrd tuh; hHshag rTsh†-xyTbmhgx(

42xyi hTbuTr crul xhbh vhkk )hHuu†(ao unkfu, ckaui Fbgi: T yaheT-uugr nhbvd tuh; sh agr-ckgygr pui xprhow xu; 81yi-†bvhhc 91yi h"v

41yi pgcruTr*Pr†p' mçh dhygknTi )nhahdTbgr tubhuugrxhygy( uu†x vhhxy zi T hHs? e†bmgPmhgx c vbyheg ruxhag tui tuerTHbh-ag hHsi

41yi nTr.*cbhnhi n†x )xygbp†rsgr tubhuugrxhygy( I≤rcu,qeukyurTqeukyur" thi sgr rguu†kumh†bgrgr ≤eupv: sh tubygr-bgnubd IhHshag eukyur" thi nhzrj-thhr†Pgw 7191-1291

61yi n˙*s"r nTre†x zhkcgr )≤k-†çhçgr tubhuugrxhygy( nkufhagr xyTyux pTr sgr hHshagr aPrTl cnal sgr graygr uugky-nkjnv

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hhHHuuuu††--cckkggyyggrrw sgr pgrygr thi sgrbgr xgrhgw uu†x v†y zhl †bdgvuhcithi 1991/ sgr thmyhegr cTbs uugry†Pdgdgci sgo hHshai p†kek†r/ s†uuygr sruei nhr thcgr sh vesnvmu sgo cTbs:

***

b†l T kTbdi thcgrrx dhy sgrhHuu† Truhx T pgryi cTbs pui sgrbgr xgrhg hhHHuuuu††--cckkggyyggrr/ sgr gr-aygr cTbs pui sgr bgr xgrhg thzdguugi T Fukkshegr sh uuygrshegmuuhh ≈ uugdi khyuuhag hHsi sgrthmyhegr cTbs thz uugdi sgo hHsh-ai p†kek†rw nhy Trcgyi uugdiaPrTfp†kek†rw nuzhe-p†kek†rwygTygr-p†kek†rw ehbsgr-p†kek†rchzi nkjnv-p†kek†r cg,i jurci/

x'thz ehhi bgx bhayw Tz tuhx-p†rai s†x p†ke thz pui ≤nhs †idguugi T vuhPy-guçsv co hHuu†/ shrtaubho tubszgrg v†ci auhi pTr-ayTbgiw Tz nhy sgr n†sgrbhzhrubdpui hHshai kgci dhhy tubygr T vhPachxk pubgo suru,shei hHshai ayhh-dgr tui Tz ng nuz gx auhi zgi mupTrthhchei/ )pTrayhhy zhlw Tz s†x

thz dguugi b†lpTri jurciw thisgr my uugix'thz ehhbgobhay tbdgpT-kiw Tz T nktl-vnuu, uugytuhxeuhkgi Tzuhphk hHsi nhyzhhgr kgci-ayhhdgr thithhbgo/( thztuhpdgeungi shvådv zTnkgr ≈p†kexngbyaidkl uuh thbyg-khdgbyi v†cizhl Trbdg-

uu†rpi thi sgr vhhkhegr Trcgy puimubuhpbgngiw pTrarci tTz"uu uu†xb†r x'k†zy zhl/ TzTi Trcgy v†y zhl†bdgvuhci b†l prHgr ≈ sh Tbxeh- tuiTbsgrg gexPgshmhgx pui pTr sgrgraygr uugky-nkjnv ≈ tui v†ygray cTeungi thnPgy b†fi tuhpeuopubgo hHuu† thi 5291/ sh dTbmg vådvhHshag uuhxbaTpy thz s†l Truhxdg-uu†exi pui T P†khyhai tui uuhxb-aTpykgfi p†kehzo ≈ sh p†keaPrTl

tui p†keeukyur v†ci d†r bhay uu†xzhl mu agngi bhay Tegdi kaui-eusaw bhay Tegdi sh kTbs-aPrTfitui -eukyuri/ thz tuhc sgr euuTk puisgr bTmh†bTkgr eukyur thz s†xp†ke nuz ngi zhl c tho kgrbgi/

thi sh hHuu†-PuckheTmhgx v†y ngisurl sh Tkg h†ri T xl dgarhciuugdi p†kek†r/ pui T eurmi surf-ckgygri sh hHuu†-chckh†drTphg5291-1491w uu†x s†x bgny s†lsgrgheray Truo sh uuhkbgr ≤eupvwegi ngi dgphbgi vgfgr 001 thhbxitubygri egPk p†kek†r/ s†ryi zgbgis† sh tubygregPkgl: Ip†kex-khsgr"w Inhbvdho"w Idkhhcubdgi"wIp†kex-ngåhu,"w IaPrhfuugrygr"wIehbsgr-p†kek†r"w Iuuhmi" tuiIp†kex-srTnTyhe" ≈ Fngy shzgkcheg ygngx uu†x thbgo thmyheicTbs/

sgr hHuu† uuhk vTrmhe cTsTbegith sh cTyhhkheyg njcrhow th shrgsTey†riw e†rgey†ri tui Tbsgrguu†x v†ci dgzgiw sgr cTbs z†ksgrzgi sh khfyheg a˙i/

***tuhc thr uu†ky dguu†ky euhpi Ti

gezgnPkTr pui sgo bgo cTbs )pTr81 s†kTr Pkux P†ry†( ngdy thr zhl uugbsi muo hHshai chfgr-mgbygrco Trcgygr-rhbdw uu†x pTreuhpyTkg hHuu†-PuckheTmhgx:

†sgr mu sgr chfgrer†o t"b pTbhgd†ygxpgks vgkgrw mgbygr pTrhHshagr dgahfyg:

bgr cTbs hHuu†-ckgygrTruhx pui srue

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p†ruugryxw

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s† thi sgo zTk dgphbgi zhl ar-cgrw kgrgrw p†ragrw cay˙grgrwp†rayhhgr pui †rdTbhzTmhgx tuiTeyhuuhxyi pTr hHsha tui hHshaehhy/

nhr eungi pui pTrahhsgbg xçh-çu,w cTvuhfy nhy thsgTki pui pTr-ahsgbg thsg†k†dhag tui P†khyhagygbsgbmi ≈ T uuUbsgrkgfgr rgdi-cuhdi pui Fkgrkhh e†khri/ gx pTr-chbsy tubsz †cgr T cau≤pu,shegruuhki tbmuvTkyiw Prgzgruuhri tui†Pvhyi sh eukyur-tumru, puitubszgr hHshai bgfyiw muzTngi muayTrei tubszgr hHshai vbyw tuidkhhci muzTngiw v†pi muzTngiw pTrT agbgri tui cgxgri n†rdi pTrtubszgr p†kew anhsi uuygr shd†ksgbg ehhy pui sgr hHsha-uugkykgfgr eukyur tui aPrTl/

druhx tui vhhkhe zgbgi tubszgrgtuhpdTci/ gx k†egri dgpTri puipTrahhsgbg zyi: sh TxhnhkTmhgrxy ayhegr pui tubszgr p†kex-†rdTbhzow sgr Tbyhxgnhyhzo cTsr†yb†l Tk. tubszgr ehuo thi pTrahh-sgbg yhhki pui sgr uugky/ auuTrmguu†kebx cTsgei sgo vhnk pubgonhygki nhzrj/// gexyrgngr bT-mh†bTkhzo tui a†uuhbhzo pTrxngivgrmgr tui nuju, pui hubdg suru,c sh TrTchag afbhow uu†x n†rsi

tunauksheg pruhgiw ngbgr tuiehbsgrw thi ≤k-†çhçw jhpv tui hru-akho/ a†uuhbhxyhagw bTmh†bTkhx-yhag uuhbyi drhhfi tuhl †i tubszgrghHshag dgmgkyiw †cgr sh druhxgngrvhhy pui tubszgr p†ke uuhkakuow uuhk nbujvw uuhk kgci thiprbsaTpy nhy sh afbhag pgkegr/bhay benv thz sgr hHshagr srl/sgr uugd thz ≈ muzTngi nhy ITkgngbyai pui duyi uuhki" ≈ cuhgicrhei pui x†khsTrhygy tui cru-sgraTpy pui pgkegr/

y˙grg prbs!uu†x zgbgi sh vhxy†rhag tuhp-

dTci pui tubszgr hHuu†? s†x cTnHgizhl tbvTkyi tui pTraPrhhyi hHshawtbpkTbmi khcaTpy mu tubszgrnTng-kaui c sh hubdg suru,/ z†kizhh kgrbgi hHshaw z†k zhl uuygrvgri s†x dgzTbd pubgo hHshai khswsgr ekTbd pubgo hHshai uu†ry/

bhhiw hHsha y†r bhay tubygrdhhiwuuk thbgo hHshai kaui zgbgi tb-dguugcy Tkg p†kehag thsgTkiwuuk thi hHsha zgbgi vTrn†bhamubuhpdgcubsi x†mhTkg dgrgfyhehhynhy hHshaehhy/ sh nhxhg pui tubszgrhHuu† thz yTeg eukyhuuhri s†x uu-ygrw pTr tubszgr sur tui pTr shsuru, uu†x uugki eungi b†l tubsz/

Tuusth thz tubszgr vbyhegr uugd T s†rbshegr/ zhhgr †py uugritubszgrg vgrmgr †bdgphky nhyxpeu,/ euny auhi sgr hHuu†w muzT-ngi nhy Tbsgrg crhsgrkgfg hHsha-†rdTbhzTmhgxw tui z†dyw bhhi! nhruugki ceungi Tkg ayruhfkubdgi/ shuugky uugy cgxgr uugriw s†x kgciagbgrw kfygrw tubszgr p†ke uugyuuygr nnahl zi tubszgr dTbd mubg myi pui akuo tui prvhhyw mubg vhhfi pui mhuuhkhzTmhg tuieukyur/

z†k kgci sgr hHuu†!z†k kgci s†x hHshag p†ke!

yrTshmh†bgkgr hHshagr xçhçv: xthi sgr vhhow x thi auk/ hHshawgbdkha tui vgcrgHa zbgi n˙bgaPrTfi tui s†l v†c thl uuhhbhedguuUxy pubgo hHuu†/

s†x nhhbyw Tz sgr hHuu† tui hubdgngbyai sTrpi zhl bgbygr cTegbgi`hubdg sTrpi zhl sgruuhxi pui shdruhxg ngdkgfehhyi uu†x TzTuuhxbaTpykgfg †rdTbhzTmhg egidgci sh uu†x thbygrgxhri zhl nhysgr hHshagr eukyur pui Tn†k tuivby/

n†yk zgknTb†uuhya

hThrv zhbdgr

]vnal pui z' t[

]vnal pui z' t[

v†y zhl †bdgvuhci sh vh†rheg turhtk

uubrl-Pr†drTo thi hHsh-agr aPrTlw khygrTyur tuieukyur ≈ sh Izungr-Pr†-drTo"/ thmy pTky tuhx s†x63xyg h†r pui sgr Pr†drTo/muuhai sh 66 cTyhhkheygxyusgbyi zgbgi s† TzgkfgTza pui hTPTiw fhbgw tuzcg-ehxyTiw hårtkw tuerTHbg tuiauugsi/ ju. sh phbg; thb-ygbxhuug thbsgrprHHeg eurxipui drTnTyhe tui khygrTyur)muuhh †bvhhcgr-eurxiw muuhhnhybsheg tui thhbgr Ti TuuTbxhrygr(eungi phr b†l nhy†d: phbg; anugx-

ekTxiw muuhh xgrhgx rgpgrTyiw Tvsrfv-eurx pui uuhxbaTpykgfgr

Trcgy tuh; hHshaw T xgrhgkgrgr-uuTrayTyiw phkngiwdgzTbd-w ygb.- tui ygTygr-eurxi/ sh xyusgbyi dhhgi tuhlcTeuei sh ay†y bhu-h†re tuip†ri thi sgr bTmh†bTkgrhHshagr chfgr-mgbyrTkg)nTxTyauxgyx(/

thi eungshei bungr hhsshhgguu,,uugy zhl sruei T pukgrcTrhfy uugdi sgo dTbmi zungr/tuhc thr uuhky eungi thcgr Th†r pTrcgxgri tgr hHshawuugbsy zhl mu hTbek xTkTbywsgo shrgey†r pui aPrTl-

Pr†drTngiw tuh; 0806-642-212 †sgr

sh zungr-Pr†drTo t"b turhtk uubrl3002 ≈ muuhh n†k jh!

[email protected]

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jhvkg PTkguuxeh rgsy pTr sgr zungr-Pr†drTo

chshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002

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gr hHuu† v†y bhay-kTbd dggpby Ti tuhx-aygkubd mu vubsgry h†r b†fi yruhgrhe

cTrhnyi egagbguugr P†dr†o )TPrhk 3091(/ shtuhxaygkubd bgny Tri s†eungbyi uugdi sgoP†dr†o duptw uuh tuhl uugdi zi †PekTbd tuh;hHshag P†khyhag cTuugdubdgiw tuh; sgrgnhdrTmhg ts"dk/

uuh cTuuUxy v†y ngi chTkhei dgahey puiTsgx ehhi egagbguu tuhxmup†rai sgo P†dr†otui sgrpui thz Truhxdguu†exi zi cTrhnygP†gng Ithi ajhyv-ay†y"w uu†x gr v†y euso†bdgarhci tuh; vgcrgHa )Icghr vvrhdv"( tuisgrb†fsgo pTry˙yay tuh; hHsha/ thbygrg-xTbyw uu†x euso-Fk v†y gx pTry˙yay h/-k/Pr.w b†r Prmgx buxj thzw T Pbhow chTkhei bhaydgpgkiw v†y gr gx Tkhhi dgy†i/ thcgrdgzgmygx tuh; ruxha v†y uu/ zaTc†yhbxeh/

thi sgr P†gng thz chTkhe ta-kvçv thcgr sgow uu†xhHsi v†ci zhl dgk†zy agfyi/ ng vTkyw Tz thi T druhxgrn†x mukhc sgo P†dr†o cFkk tui chTkhex ygbu, cpryv†y zhl pTrayTrey th sh thnhdrTmhg ehhi Tngrhegw thsgr mhubhzo tui sh gkhv ehhi tr.-hårtk/ b†r sh sgn†k-yheg Prgxg v†y thcgrdgdgci Ti Tbsgr chks/ hHsi v†cizhl h† dguugry tui mukhc sgo thz sh m†k vrudho dguugickuhz 94w f†ya vubsgrygr zgbgi pTruuUbshey dguu†ritui yuhzbygr dgckhci †i T sTl thcgri e†P/ nhy sh uugr-ygr pubgo pp††rruuuuggrryyxx)TPrhk 42w 3091w z' 1 ≈ nhr v†cin†sgrbhzhry sgo tuhxkhhdw uuh tuhl muo yhhk sh kgexhe(:

uugi TzT argekgfg tuhpdgvgmyg cTbsg ngrsgrz†k dguugi cTpTki T hHshag ay†y grdg. thiuu†khi †sgr thi sgr khygw uu†kyi yuhzbygr hHsh-ag bpau, tuhxdgeuhkgy dguu†ri thi thhi ]agv[/sh egagbguugr hHsi zbgi †cgr dhcurhow dgzubygwtzgrbgw ayTreg tui tunsgrar†egbg ngbyai/uuh sh ngrsgrhag P†dr†nayahegx v†ci †bdg-vuhci sh auhsgrkgfg vrhdvw zbgi sh hHshag

cjurho tui nhyk-hgrheg ngbgr zhl muzTngb-dgk†pi pui Tkg zyi tui v†ci dgegnpy uuh shkhhci mu cTahmi zhhgrg auuTfg tui Tkyg crhsgrtui auugxygr/ Tphku hubdg pruhgi v†ci cTuuhziuuUbsgrkgfg dçuru,/ zhh v†ci pTryhhshey zhhgrgrg nhy thcgrbTyhrkgfg ergpyiw tui sh ckuy-s†rayheg ngrsgr thz bhy dgkubdgi mu agbsiehhi thhbmheg hubdg pruh/ †cgr sh hHsi v†cidgegnpy nhy sh khhsheg vgby tui sh rumjhozbgi dguugi cTuu†pby nhy ngxgrx tui vgewmudgdrhhy tuhxmueuhkgi tui mu pTryhkhei TkghHshag tbuuuhbgr/ uuh sh uuhksgw ckuydhrheg]jhu,[ zbgi sh rumjho Trundgk†pi tui dgay†fiwdgabhyiw dgvTey nhy sh vge rgfyx tui khbex/zhh v†ci dgkTfy pui sgo dgcgy pui Tkyg hHsitui s†x dguuhhi pui pruhgi tui ehbsgr v†y zhhbhay dgrhry/ s† uuygr sruei nhr thcgr T p†kexkhs Iegagbguugr

P†dr†o" )pui jbv tui hux; nk†ygew nnhhrr yyrr††ddii TT ddggzzTTbbddwbhu-h†re 2791w z' 731(:

sgo grayi y†d Pxj

v†ci hHsgkgl dTb. prhhkgl pTrcrTfyw

tui sgo kgmyi y†d jdt

v†y ngi egagbguu jruç dgnTfy/

egagbguu Trundgrhbdky

Tzuh uuh T c†bsgr sh pTxw

yTygx tui nTngx tui ehbsgr

zgbgi dgpTki thi dTx/

tuhw su d†y thi vhnkw

eue auhi Tr†P mu tubszw

cTyrTfy b†r sgo rga nhyi yunkw

uuh sh duhho zgbgi zhl bueo thi tubsz/

vubsgry h†r b†fi egagbguugr P†dr†o

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hThrv zhbdgrh pTrcgyubd †byhhk mu bgngi thbgo hgrkgfi hHuu†-cTbegy thz pTr nhr T druhxgr Fçus tuidkfmyhe T druhxg thcgrrTaubd!

muo cTsuhgri zbgi ngbyai pui n˙i gkygrw puin˙i sur bhy dgbud cTeTby nhyi hHuu† uuh thhbgrpui sh uuhfyhexyg p†ramgbygrx thi sgrhHshagr uugky/

f†ya thl ayushr thmy tuh; T nTdhxygr thi Trfhygeyurw v†cthl Tkg n˙bg h†ri zhl sgrmuhdi thi T

n†yk zgknTb†uuhyaauçgr p†rzhmgr crux xk†uuhiw y˙grgjçrygxw jçrho tui prbsw

uuhsgr thz Tsurl T h†r tui uuhsgr zgbgi nhrs† c tubszgr hgrkgfi hHuu†-huo-yuç tuiw uuhprHgrw thz nhr vby mudgyhhky dguu†ri sgrFçus tui sh Prhuuhkgdhg mu cTdrhxi tlw tuiyTeg thi hHsha ≈ thi sgo kaui thi uugkfi gx

zgbgi tbdguugcy Tkg vhhkheg uugryi pui tubszgr hHshauugkyp†ke/

hHshagr uuhxbaTpykgfgr thbxyhyuy ≈ hHuu† bun' 691 zungr 3002

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cTbegy/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / z' d

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hubd-uuhkbg/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / j

hhsshhgguu,,pui Tn†k/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / y

thbvTky YIVO Institute for Jewish Research

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hHshagr uuhxbaTpykgfgr thbxyhyuy ≈ hHuu†

YIVO hshgu, hshgu,pui hHuu†

sgr hHuu†-cTbegy 3002 gr v˙h†rhegr hHuu†-cTbegy thz dguugi T druhxgr

xuemgx/ x'zgbgi dgeungi 004 vubsgry dgxy tui

ng v†y dgaTpi T ebTPi nhkh†i s†kTr/ sh

grbdgxy zgbgi dguugi sgr hHsha-tubdgrhagr

arcgr thnrg egrygx tui sgr Trfhygey nav

xpsh/

tuhpi cTbegy v†ci dgbungi T

uu†ry tuh; nTng-kaui n†yk

zgknTb†uuhyaw pTruuTkyubd-nhydkhs

pui hHuu†w tui hThrv zhbdgrw sh

y†fygr pui s"r gshbv mhngy zhbdgrw

shrgey†r pui IgPhe"/ †y zgbgi sh

ygexyi pui sh rgsgx:

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grbdTxy nav xpsh

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dgsgbey sh sTyg: tuhpi 12xyi

†ey†cgr PkTbhry

sgr hHuu† Ti †uuby

kFçus tubszgr

druhxi P†gyw

Tçrvo xumeguugrw

mu zbg 09 h†r/

Pryho ≈ thi dhfi/

yivo hshgu, hshgu, · pdf filenobel laureate imre kertész and israeli-born architect...

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