yilma et al presentation on shaot marketting and consumption in sfs and pfs
TRANSCRIPT
I - IntroductionBackground
Demand for meat and human popn are increasing in Ethiopia A low growth rate of livestock output vis-à-vis high human popn
growth rate becomes one of the major concerns in the country
Thus, efforts have to be made to increase production and productivity of sheep and goats to overcome this concern
In the country, sheep and goats provide 25% of the domestic meat consumption with production surplus, exported mainly as live animals
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Problem statement and justification
Sheep and goats in BGRS traditional farming systems Shifting farming system (SFS) and Permanent farming systems (PFS)
SFS practiced among native and PFS settler farming communities
These communities have their own:Long developed farming practicesLivestock keeping, Natural resource management Land holding and Farming implements
Each FS has:Different cropping patternsLand use management andProduction potentials andConsequently feed resources for
livestock
FS oriented marketing and
consumption research
3So far, no livestock research except comprehensive ones by AsARC like :
Problem statement and justification contd.FS survey general perspective picture of livestock resources
and Agricultural research strategy designed to set priorities and
thematic areas Results showed shoat improvement and characterization top
prioritized However, little was known about marketing and consumption of
the highly prioritized thematic areas of livestock research Besides, an overall improvement of the sheep and goat utilization
cannot be achieved without the basic understanding of this issue in relation to the existing FSs
:Due to this, in filling this gap, sheep and goat research on marketing and consumption of these livestock species was required just prior to initiating improvement or intervention Programmes
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Objectives
To explore marketing of sheep and goats and
To identify the consumption pattern of sheep and goats
To explore marketing of sheep and goats and
To identify the consumption pattern of sheep and goats
In relation to the two FSs of W- Ethiopia, the specific objectives were:
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II - Materials and methods
Description of the study areas
Location
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Description of the study areas contd.Farming systems: Sheep and goat production is integrated with traditional crop production SFS and PFS are the two major traditional FSs Each FS has different:
These differences in the FS characteristics differences in sheep and goat marketing and utilization characteristics as well
cropping patterns land use management
livestock production potentials
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Data collection
Exploratory study To have an overview of the study components
and to pre-test the designed questionnaire
Participants:
Tasks:
Focus groups of key informantsWereda and Peasant Associations administrative membersSubject matter specialists Model farmers and Other pertinent bodies who directly and indirectly involved in sheep and goat production and utilization
Questionnaire was pre-testedRelevant issues for sheep and goat marketing and utilization were identified Market places representing the two farming systems were identified
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Data collection contd.
Cross-sectional survey A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to gather adequate data
on different variables to attain the objectives:
Sampling Ninety households (HHs) from each FS purposefully
Basis
- FS of the households
- Availability of sheep and goats
- Accessibility of the area in that order
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Sampling contd.
Priorities HHs who keep both sheep and goat Minimum requirements
A HH having a flock of at least one breeding female and A minimum of 1 year experience since acquisition of sheep and goats
Households at equal chance to be incorporated in to the sample, were randomly selected
A total of 180 households and their sheep and goat flocks were the intimate study samples.
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Questionnaires design and data collection
Both structured and semi-structured questionnaires Enumerators were provided with the necessary data collection
techniques prior to the actual data collection Interviewers were: The researcher, Trained enumerators and DAs Accordingly, primary data were collected on marketing and
consumption aspects of sheep and goats likeDemand and supplyPrice trendsMarketing and consumption constraintsRoutes of sheep and goats and Incomes obtained 11
Market survey
Carried out by paying specific attention to marketing aspects of sheep and goats during the religious festivities and the normal market events in the FSs
The monitoring was conducted in two market areas representing the two FSs
Assosa market area represented PFS and Kiburhamsa SFS
A total of 676 observations were recorded
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Focus group discussions
Conducted to gather additional information on marketing and consumption
A total of 5 group discussions comprising of 8 – 10 members Participants:
Key informantsAdministrative members Subject matter specialists
Model farmers and Other pertinent bodies
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Data analysis
Data was transported to and analyzed using JMP-5
In all the comparisons, the level of significance was set at α = 0.05
Statistical tools were: Descriptive statisticsT-testChi-square testAnalysis of variance
Multivariate pair wise correlationsRank analysis
and Qualitative analysis
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III – Results and DiscussionMarketing of sheep and goats
Demand and supply
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Prices of sheep and goats in relation to market situations, color, buyer, and seller types
Species by FS
Special occasions TestEid Al-Fetir Normal Eid Al-Adha ChristmasMean(SE) Mean(SE) Mean(SE) Mean(SE) P-
value
SFSSheepGoat
378.2(30.68)a
300.2(13.77)a
325.0(41.54)a
307.1(17.99)a
361.9(125.36)a
287.6(13.32)a
413.0(80.40)a
290.0(11.73)a
0.2490.784
PFSSheepGoat
370.0(16.03)ab
299.8(16.01)ab
337.8(7.36)b
259.4(70.03) b
383.1(14.34)a
297.1(88.43)a
409.4(14.34)a
302.6(84.84)a
0.0000.002
1. Prices in relation to market occasions
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Prices in both FSs for the past 10 yrs due to: Increased consumption The current price rise consumption of beef Decreased producers Reduced production disease prevalence
Prices in both FSs for the past 10 yrs due to: Increased consumption The current price rise consumption of beef Decreased producers Reduced production disease prevalence
2. Prices in relation to coat color, buyer, and seller types
Colors by price (mean (SE)) of sheep and goats
White Red Black Grey Other
Sheep Goat
430.7(20.56)a
268.8(9.88)b
358.8(6.98)b
327.7(10.13)a
-292.5(7.23)ab
366.3(10.88)b
261.2(10.13)b
337.2(115.22)b
278.4(7.75)b
Buyer type by price (mean (SE)) of sheep and goats
Traders Farmers Consumers Bucher Hotelier
Sheep Goat
341.4(14.26)ab
288.7(7.27)ab
312.1(13.79)b
266.9(8.07)b
383.6(8.24)ab
269.5(12.42)ab
393.3(38.18)ab
292.0(34.25)ab
372.6(10.33)a
310.1(8.62)a
Seller type by price (mean (SE)) of sheep and goats
Farmers Traders
Sheep Goat
373.4(6.51)a
273.1(4.30)a
343.6(9.82)b
336.7(10.47)b
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Marketing channels
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Intermediaries
Kiburhamisa market (SFS)
Assosa market (PFS)
Smallholders in SFS and PFS Within the districtOut of the districtOut of the region
Cross-border
Consumers (rural and urban)HotelsRestaurantsButchersInstitutes
Neighbor households
Marketing constraints
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In both FSs:
Households’ sheep and goats consumptionPreference and frequency of consumption
SFS PFS TestN (%) N (%) P-value
Preference
Sheep
Goat
67(79.76)
17(20.24)
70(79.55)
16(18.18) 0.367
Frequency of consumption
Quarterly
Twice a year
During religious festival
On other occasions
4(4.44)
7(7.78)
65(73.03)
21(23.33)
1(1.11)
7(7.78)
74(82.22)
15(16.67)
0.174
1.000
0.140
0.264
Cultural taboos on consumption 2(2.78) 3(4.00) 0.683
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Income and socio-cultural usesSpecies SFS PFS Test
Mean(SE) Mean(SE) P-valueCash income from sell of:Sheep 47.8(38.78)a 125.6(38.78)a 0.158
Goat 274.7(48.11)a 134.1(48.11)b 0.040Sale rate (%)SheepGoat
1.65(0.99)a
6.7(1.49)a
3.8(0.99)a
6.7(1.49)a
0.1250.992
Slaughter rate (%)SheepGoat
9.5(2.37)a
7.9(1.84)a
5.8(2.37)a
8.6(1.84)a
0.2740.778
Sheep and goats (%) exploited socio-culturally21
V – Conclusions and recommendations Demands, supplies, prices, and HH consumptions were typically
seasonal and reached peak during the major holidays in both FSs. For producers to better benefit from higher prices during festivals,
plan their production and supply to match the fluctuating but predictable patterns of demand.
Seasonal fluctuations in supply, disease prevalence, lack of export abattoirs, long distance to markets, lack of market incentive, sudden death of animals, and unstable prices major constraints
Studies on market access improvement options, exploring additional marketing opportunities in the Sudan are recommended.
Sheep and goat consumption in SFS and PFS appeared to be low. Thus, technical and institutional support needs to be provided to
realize rural development and poverty alleviation endeavors.22
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