yes - your english supplement: volume 26

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YOUR ENGLISH SUPPLEMENTVolume 26 // 9.95€

The Weather and You

How meteorology affects your life

The Mysteries of Time

Does time really exist?

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Yes 1The one about you

Yes 6Emotions

Yes 10Sleep and dreams

Yes 15Sports

Yes 2Food

Yes 7aGothic literature

Yes 11Geology

Yes 16Radical grammar

Yes 3Sexology

Yes 7bThe law*

Yes 12Medicine

Yes 17Business English

Yes 4Human physiology

Yes 8Religion

Yes 13Shakespeare

Yes 18Women

Yes 19Art

Yes 20Music & Math

Yes 21Vikings & Exams

Yes 22Literature

Yes 5The brain

Yes 9Love

Yes 14Palaeo-archaeology

www.yes-mag.com YES 26 | 3

YES Volume 26

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Audio Download Code: Yes26_e28x_68To download the audio files for this issue, please go to the 'Downloads' page on www.yes-mag.com for instructions.You will need the code given above to access the files.

10 16

20 42

74 83

4 How to Use Your English Supplement

6 Current Affairs Contents7 News 8 Technology News9 Weather News10 Psychology News11 Science News

12 THE WEATHER DOSSIER13-18 The language of weather20-23 Clouds24-27 The Weather in History28-32 Health and Weather33-35 Art and Weather36 Sport and Weather37 Literature & Weather: the Pathetic Fallacy38-39 Economics and Weather40-41 Mythology and Weather42-45 Weather Lore: Meteorological Folklore46-49 The Shipping Forecast50 The Weather Forecast51 Confusing Words: Weather vs.

Time vs. Tense vs. Tempo52-55 Weather Idioms56-57 Weather False Friends58-59 Weather Phrasal Verbs

60 SUBSCRIPTION FORM

61 THE TIME DOSSIER62-65 Time and society66-69 Changing Time70-72 Economics: Time is Money73-83 The Language and Grammar of Time

84-85 The Yes Community86 Picture Description

87 Audio Scripts Contents88 Audio Scripts

111 Exercises Contents112 Exercises

134 Staff and contact addresses135 In next month’s issue

GENERALCONTENTSThis page should help you to navigate the magazine in general. Notice that on pages 6, 12, 61, 87 and 111 there are more details for each section of the magazine.

SYMBOLSEach page-long article in the magazine has been created to be used more or less independently so that you can learn and practise even if you only have five or ten minutes free.

At the same time, the symbols below allow you to develop a theme you are interested in more extensively. Teachers can use these symbols to instantly prepare a class or classes around a common theme.

How to UseYour English Supplement

Exercise (at the end of the magazine). Test and consolidate what

you have learned.

Downloadable audio file (see also audio scripts). There are

recommendations on how best to use the audio files on p. 87.

Listening extension (Internet). Once you’ve

learned the basic vocabulary of a topic,

why not listen to further discussions?

Speaking extension. A question aimed at provoking a group discussion of the topic in question.

This arrow directs you to other related articles

in the magazine.

ABBREVIATIONS KEYThese are the only abbreviations you have to know to use this magazine:sb. = somebodysth. = somethingswh. = somewhere[U] = uncountable noun[C] = countable noun

4 | YES 26

FOOTNOTESThe superscript numbers in the text refer to the footnotes at the bottom or at the side of the same page. The footnotes explain the difficult vocabu-lary as determined by our non-native proofreaders. Like you, these proof-readers are learners so they are able to identify the exact words you need to know to understand the sentence. Definitions are given in English, so that you learn to think in English and these definitions are then checked by the non-native proofreaders to ensure that you will understand them. Some words are defined by pictures: we use these visual stimuli when that is the best way to fix an idea in your memory. Read the definition or look at the illustration and then re-read the sentence in question. By working with English-language footnotes you will rapidly increase your vocabulary and learn how English words relate to each other, all of which will have a dramatic impact on your fluency and self-confidence1.

Some readers find it useful to put their finger next to the word in the article that they are looking for in the footnotes to make it easier to return to the text afterwards. Either way, it shouldn’t be difficult to find your place because the footnotes are numbered and the words are highlighted in bold. Notice that the syllables and words that should be stressed2 are underlined.

Red footnotes give extra cultural (rather than linguistic) information, or they refer you to other articles.

1 self-confidence – self-assurance (opposite of ‘self-doubt’, ‘hesitancy’)2 to stress sth. – emphasize, underline

Consonants/ʧ/ as in church, watch/ʃ/ as in wash, sure, action/ʤ/ as in judge, gesture/ʒ/ as in measure, vision/j/ as in yes/θ/ as in thick, path/ð/ as in this, breathe/ŋ/ as in sing

Pure Vowels/æ/ as in cat/ʌ/ as in cut/ə/ as in occur, supply,

aroma/ɜ:/ as in first, turn, earn/ɔ:/ as in court, warn

Dipthongs/iə/ as in ear, here/eə/ as in air, there

PHONEMICSYMBOLSHere are the phonemic symbols that we use which might cause you problems.

YES 26 | 5

CURRENTAFFAIRSThis section of the magazine offers short news stories organized thematically:

6 | YES 26

7 News Perspectives on contemporary

issues from around the world Exercise 2

8 Technology News The impact of social media on our lives Exercise 2

9 Weather News The imminent meteorological impact on your life. Exercise 2

10 Psychology News Teenagers have more healthy lives than they have

done in generations, so why are they so unhappy? Exercise 2

11 Science News Good news for your health and that of

hundreds of millions of people Exercise 2

SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION

7 Speak: how has immigration enriched your culture over the centuries?

Speak: should the dead be more mobile? Speak: can the EU survive in the long

term while there are nation states in it?

8 Speak: has new technology fundamentally changed the way we relate to each other or not?

Speak: did you imagine that Patsy and John were white? Does the fact that they are African Americans change your perception of the story?

9 Speak: do you think the weather will have a serious impact on your life in the next few years?

10 Speak: are today’s teenagers happier or less happy in general than their parents were as adolescents? Can they expect a better or a worse world as adults?

11 Speak: do you use music to chill you out when you are stressed out? If so, which music works for you?

Speak: do fish calm you down? How do other animals affect your frame of mind?

Watch this short video about the ‘drinkable book’: https://goo.gl/2pNjwp

WEATHER DOSSIER CONTENTS

12 | YES 26

13 Freak Weather: the Gathering Storm Exercise 4

14 Wind: terminology and etymology Exercises 4, 27

15 Stormy Weather: terminology and etymology Exercises 4, 27

16 Precipitation: terminology and etymology Exercises 4, 27

17 Weather Conspiracies: is somebody manipulating our weather?

18-19 Weather Talk: could you chat about the weather with an Anglo? Take the test.

Exercise 4

20-23 Clouds: secret messages in the sky? Exercise 29

24-27 The Weather in History: how weather shaped our world

Exercise 25

28-32 Health: the weather determines how you feel in dozens of ways.

Exercise 3

33-35 Art: ‘weather painting’ is the great forgotten genre of world art.

Exercise 21

36 Sports: Rain stopped play

37 Literature: Weather and the Pathetic Fallacy

38-39 Meteorological Economics: saving for a rainy day

Exercise 6

40-41 Mythology: gods and wind bags

42-45 Weather Lore: the truth behind meteorological folklore

46-49 The Shipping Forecast: poetry for an island nation

Exercise 16

50 The Weather Forecast: the rise of ‘weather-tainment’

51 Confusing Words: Weather vs. Time vs. Tense vs. Tempo – can you use them all correctly?

52-55 Weather Idioms: expressions about rain, wind and storms

Exercise 9

56-57 Weather False Friends: would you enjoy a ‘derecho’?

Exercise 5

58-59 Weather Phrasal Verbs Exercise 22

60 SUBSCRIPTION FORM


13-19 Speak: what’s the most ‘interesting’ weather you’ve ever experienced? Do you feel that you live in a climate with benign weather?

24-27 Watch: an excellent 1-hour documentary on the history of British weather from the BBC:

https://goo.gl/w8BRXA

38-39 Read: there are lots of interesting articles on weather and economics at:

www.weatherandeconomics.com

Watch: an interesting two-hour US document on the world’s weather as a single system at:

https://goo.gl/bBNN6t

http://www.weatherandeconomics.com

Photo by NOAA Satellite and Information Service

Photo by NOAA - George E Marsh

Hurricane Danny

Haboob in Texas


Weather

12 4, 27

CyclonesCyclones are part of the normal weather pattern1 and are associated with wind and rain, but in some parts of the world intensify to cause considerable damage. ‘Hurri-cane’ is the word used around North America and in the Caribbean, ‘typhoon’ in the China Sea (i.e. in the Western Pacific). Cyclones form over warm water and dissipate over land.

HurricaneThis is a large2 tropical storm or cyclone (500km to 800km in diameter) in the north Atlantic, the Caribbean and the Eastern Pacific. This word comes from the Taino language once spoken in the Bahamas and the Antilles via Spanish and Portuguese. Early versions of the word in English varied from ‘vracan’ (Robert Parke, 1588) to ‘furacan’ to ‘hurricano’ (Shakespeare, 1606).

The US pronunciation /ˈhʌrikein/ reflects the spell-ing better than the British pronunciation: /ˈhʌrikən/. The number of category four or five hurricanes has doubled in the last 40 years as a result of rising3 sea temperatures.

Typhoon /taiˈfu:n/This term seems to be the result of conflating4 the Chi-nese term tai fung (= big wind) with the Arabic term ţūfān (= storm). The English spelling was affected by the name of ‘Typhon’ /’taifon/, the giant who was the father of the winds in Greek mythology. His name means ‘smoke’ and is related to the names of diseases5 ‘typhus’ /ˈtaifəs/ and ‘typhoid’ /ˈtaifoid/.

BlizzardThis is a violent snowstorm characterized by strong winds. The word comes from US English and was first a colloquial word for a diatribe.

HaboobThis word for a sandstorm6 means ‘blowing furiously’ in Arabic and is related to the word habb (= wind). The term is used on the Arabian Peninsula, in the Sahara and in Arizona. Such sandstorms can be nearly7 100km wide8 and three kilometres high. They can travel at 50kmh. Haboobs typically kill five people a year in Arizona.

1 weather pattern – meteorolog-ical systems

2 large – (false friend) big

3 rising – ascending 4 to conflate – combine 5 disease – illness

6 sandstorm – desert storm 7 nearly – almost, practically, just

under

8 wide – in diameter

Stormy Terminology Explained

Photo by Marina CarresiChemtrails


Weather

S ome people find it hard1 to believe that weather can just2 happen. How could something as devastating

as a hurricane not be anyone’s fault? In the past we could hold the gods responsible3 but that is a less popular explanation these days (even though in law a natural disaster is still referred to as ‘an act of God’).

VaporizedThe vapour trails4 left by jets in the sky are called ‘contrails’ (= condensation trails) in the USA. Not all such contrails are as innocent as they look. Some are ‘chemtrails’ /ˈkemtreilz/ (= chemical trails). Somebody – possibly the ‘New World Order’ – is ‘crop-spraying’5 us with chemical and biological agents. This is being done a). to control our minds, b). to control population numbers by making us infertile, or c). to control the weather. Or perhaps some vapour trails simply disperse in unusual ways depending on the winds in the stratosphere.

Harping on6 HaarpThe High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (Haarp) is a grid7 of 180 radio towers in Alaska. Haarp is a joint8 project between the University of Alaska and the US military. Haarp is either an obscure project for studying the ionosphere9 or a SPECTRE-esque10 plot11 to control the world’s weather.

Rain of TerrorAccording to US meteorologist Scott Stevens, Hurri-cane Katrina was caused by the Yakuza12 to avenge13 the bombing of Hiroshima 60 years earlier. This would sound utterly14 ridiculous if US Secretary of Defense Wil-liam Cohen hadn’t publicly declared in 1997 that some countries were already involved in15 climate-altering environmental state terrorism. Unfortunately, Mr Cohen never elaborated on these comments.

Extreme libertarian conservatives16 in the USA believe in anthropogenic17 climate change. However, it isn’t industry and capitalism that are to blame18, it’s the United Nations! The UN is using global warming to over-throw19 the US government and establish a one-world government.

1 hard – difficult 2 just – (in this case) simply 3 to hold sb. responsible (hold-

held-held) – blame sb., accuse sb. of being responsible

4 vapour trail – white line left by a jet plane in the sky

5 to crop-spray – crop dust (US English), cover fields with insec-ticide etc. from an aeroplane

6 to harp on sth. – talk inces-santly about sth.

7 grid – matrix, network

8 joint – shared, collaborative 9 ionosphere – part of the ther-

mosphere that contains a high concentration of ions and free electrons and is able to reflect radio waves

10 SPECTRE-esque – similar to SPECTRE (= Special Executive for Counter-intelligence, Ter-rorism, Revenge, and Extortion

– the criminal organization that James Bond fights against)

11 plot – (in this case) conspiracy 12 the Japanese mafia 13 to avenge – take revenge for,

wreak vengeance 14 utterly – completely, totally 15 to be involved in – carry out,

execute

16 libertarian conservative – sb. who believes that the only acceptable function for the state is to organize the police and the army

17 anthropogenic – caused by humans

18 to be to blame – be responsible

19 to overthrow (-throw/-threw/-thrown) – supplant, subvert

Weather Conspiracies

Storm and Sea fresco

The Crucifixion by Jan van Eyck

The Tempest by Giorgione

In the Piccolomini Library


Weather

The Advent of WeatherJudging from Western painting, weather did not exist until the 15th Century. Then, suddenly2 weather appears all at once3 in 1435. In that year Jan van Eyck painted a diptych4 of The Crucifixion and The Last Judgement. In the sky of the Crucifixion the Dutchman5 offers us recognizable cirrus, cirrocumulus and cumulus clouds6.

As the Renaissance took root7, weather spread8 through European painting. By 1510 weather could be the subject9 of a painting like Giorgione’s The Tem-pest. The painting is probably an allegory of some sort (nobody knows of what) but it is clear that a realistic portrayal10 of a thunderstorm11 was important to the artist suggesting a broodingly12 violent setting13 in which the mother suckles14 her infant. If anyone doubts the enormous step forward15 that this painting rep-resents, just compare it to the storm at sea fresco in the Piccolomini Library of Siena Cathedral painted perhaps only three years earlier. However, it was El Greco who took the expressionist potential of a stormy16 sky to its 16th-century peak17.

1 just as well – equally 2 suddenly – abruptly 3 all at once – all at the same time

4 diptych /’diptik/ – painting in two halves on wooden panels

5 Dutchman – man from Holland

6 cloud – nebular mass of water vapour

7 to take root (take-took-taken) – become established

8 to spread (spread-spread-spread) – propagate

9 subject – (in this case) focus, theme

10 portrayal – depiction, representation

11 thunderstorm – electrical storm, tempest

12 broodingly – menacingly 13 setting – context 14 to suckle – breastfeed, give

milk to a baby from a mam-mary gland

15 step forward – advance 16 stormy – tempestuous 17 to take sth. to its peak (take-

took-taken) – fully realize, fully express

Painting the WeatherMuch of what we call ‘landscape painting’ could just as well1 be called weather painting.

A lesson in meteorological economics

38 | YES 26 www.yes-mag.com6

Weather

W hat does the weather have to do with1 econom-ics? Well, the first answer is that both weather

forecasters2 and economists try to predict the future and, as far as most people are concerned3, neither do it very well!

A Perfect StormBut weather and economics are more intimately linked. The weather introduces doubt about the future. Will we have a bumper crop4 or will the harvest5 fail6? Will the music festival be rained out7? Indeed8, weather can be a deter-mining factor for an entire political economy. In 1788 in France there was a drought9 in the summer that caused crop failure10 and a freezing11 winter which affected the transportation of goods12 by road or river. As a result food prices soared13 and, with the agrarian economy near to collapse, wages14 fell dramatically. The result of this ‘perfect storm’ was, of course, the French Revolution.

Across the channel the toast15 of English farmers16 was “to a wet harvest17 and a bloody18 war!” Were these people crazy? Hadn’t they heard the stories of

the bloodshed19 and the destruction of The Terror? No, the British farmers16 were being economically rational (if a tad20 cynical). A wet harvest17 is a good thing for farmers16 if there is inelastic demand for grain because it means that prices will go up a lot. Demand usually is inelastic because most people would prefer to eat than to starve21 and so they will give up22 almost any expendi-ture before giving up food. The solution to a wet harvest is to import grain. However, a bloody war meant that ships were requisitioned by the Royal Navy making it dif-ficult to import food and increase supply23. Hey presto24, a wet harvest5 and a bloody18 war would make the farmers rich (unless they were lynched by their starving neighbours, in which case they would be dead rich25).

A Third of the WorldFreak26 weather and climate change increasingly impact the economic prosperity of 2.5 billion members of small-holding families27 around the world and affect the food security of us all.

1 What does A have to do with B? – How is A related to B?

2 weather forecaster – mete-orologist who predicts the weather

3 as far as X are concerned – in the opinion of X

4 bumper crop – unusually good harvest

5 harvest – collecting of agricul-tural production

6 to fail – be unsuccessful, be insufficient

7 to be rained out – be cancelled because of rain

8 indeed – (emphatic) in fact 9 drought /draut/ – prolonged period with little rain

10 crop failure – a bad harvest, insufficient agricultural production

11 freezing – very cold 12 goods – products 13 to soar – increase dramatically 14 wages – pay, salaries 15 toast [C] – desire expressed

before drinking together

16 farmer – agriculturalist 17 wet harvest – insufficient agri-

cultural production because of rain

18 bloody – (in this case) fero-cious, brutal

19 bloodshed – massacres, carnage

20 a tad – (informal) a little 21 to starve – die of hunger, be

famished 22 to give up (give-gave-given) – renounce

23 supply – what is on offer for sale

24 hey presto – et voilà , there you have it

25 dead rich – (informal) very rich. Of course, they would be dead and rich, which is not the same.

26 freak (adj.) – anomalous, aberrant

27 smallholding family – family that has a very small farm

Weather and Economics

Photo by Anthony Quintano

Photo by Marina Carresi

That groundhog.

The cows have spoken: it’s going to rain!

42 | YES 26 www.yes-mag.com

Weather

W e tend to look down on1 weather lore2 as unsci-entific but it was a distinct3 improvement on the

mediaeval practise of astro-meteorology: predicting the weather from the movement of the stars, which was pop-ular in European universities throughout4 the Middle Ages. An English churchman called William Merle, kept the world’s first weather journal5 for eight years until his death in 1347. Every day he recorded in painstak-ing6 detail all the meteorological information he could muster7. Merle showed that “farmers’ rules8” were more accurate9 than the universities’ forecasts10. Even so, almanacs of astrology-based weather forecasts proved popular until well into the 19th Century.

Observing CowsOne of the farmers’ rules8 was to observe animals. Cows are sensitive to cold and damp11 on their abdomens so, when they sense rain is coming, they sit down on a dry patch12 of grass13. Even before they sit down they can be seen sniffing14 the air. Cattle15 also swish16 their tails17 about16 a lot before a thunderstorm18. This is because

the flies19 that torment them become especially active before a storm.

Terrestrial molluscs and some other insects tend to become more active and visible before rain, too. So worms20, slugs21, snails22 and ants23 surface24 when a shower25 is in the offing26. However, when bees27 don’t appear, this signals rain:

If the bees stay at home,Rain will soon come.

If they fly away,Fine28 will be the day.

That Groundhog29

The most famous predictive animal these days, thanks to Hollywood, is the American groundhog. If it sees its shadow30 on 2nd February, winter will continue for another six weeks. This reflects a tradition that is much older than cinema. 2nd February is Candlemas Day, when Catholics celebrate the purification of the Virgin. This co-opted31 the Celtic feast of Imbolc (1st February). Fine weather on this day was a bad presage:

If Candlemas be fine28 and clear,There’ll be two winters in the year.

1 to look down on sth. – consider sth. with disdain

2 weather lore – popular cus-toms relating to the meteorolog-ical prediction

3 distinct – definite, evident 4 throughout – during all of 5 weather journal – daily mete-orological record

6 painstaking /ˈpeinsteikiŋ/ – meticulous7 to muster – gather, collect 8 rule – code, custom 9 accurate – precise, exact, correct 10 forecast – (weather) prediction

11 damp (n.) – wetness, moisture12 patch – area 13 grass – green

plant that dominates lawns and sports fields

14 to sniff sth. – smell sth. (with an obvious audible gesture)

15 cattle – cows 16 to swish sth.

about – move sth. energetically

17 tail – posterior extension of the vertebrae

18 thunderstorm – electrical storm, tempest (poetic)

19 fly – flying insect 20 (earth)worm – (Lumbricidae) 21 slug – terrestrial

gastropod mollusc with no shell

22 snail – terrestrial gastropod mollusc with a shell

23 ant – (Formici-dae) industrious social insect

24 to surface – appear (from underground)

25 shower – (in this case) fall of rain

26 to be in the offing – be imminent

27 bee – black and yellow insect that makes honey

28 fine – (in this case) sunny

29 groundhog – North American marmot

30 shadow – silhouette from sunlight

31 to co-opt – adopt for a different use

Weather Lore

His face clouded over when he heard the news.

Confetti rained down. Photo by Tony Webster

Photo by Jeannot Ruff


Weather

>> be snowed under = be inundated1, have too much work etc.- Sorry I can’t do that translation for

you, I’m snowed (with work) under at the moment.

>> breeze in= enter in a carefree2 way:- He seems to think he can breeze into the

office at half past nine.

>> storm out= leave in anger:- When she accused him of being

drunk he stormed out of the room.

>> rain down= be thrown in great quantities:- Bottles and other objects rained down

onto the pitch3 from the terraces4. - Confetti rained down on the newlyweds5.

>> cloud over- This verb can describe a sky that becomes covered in clouds6. How-ever, it is also used to describe a face that begins to frown7:- His face clouded over when he realized8 that they had invited his brother to the party.

>> blow in [blow-blew-blown]= appear unexpectedly, arrive casu-ally and unannounced:- Look who just blew in!

>> fog up = (of glass) stop being transparent because of condensation. We can use ‘mist over’ and ‘mist up’ in this sense, too:- The windscreen’s9 fogging up. Could

you wipe it clean10, please?- As soon as she entered the sauna her

glasses misted up and she couldn’t see anything.

>> mist over = (of eyes) fill with tears:- When I mentioned her dead dog her eyes misted over.

1 ‘inundated’ is normally used in the metaphorical sense, e.g. to be inundated with work, e-mails etc. (but not with water)

2 carefree – happy and relaxed3 pitch – sports field, playing area

4 terraces – a standing area in a football stadium

5 newlyweds – two people who have just got married, two people at their wedding reception

6 cloud /klaud/ – nebular mass of water vapour

7 to frown – scowl, look displeased in one’s facial expression

8 to realize – (false friend) become conscious

9 windscreen (UK English) – windshield (US English), window at the front of a vehicle that the driver looks through

10 to wipe sth. clean – clean sth. with a cloth (= piece of textile)

Metaphorical Weather Phrasal VerbsWeather words are used metaphorically in a number of common phrasal verbs.

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YES 26 | 61

THE TIME DOSSIER CONTENTS


62 Speak: is there anything you do to a high degree of accuracy or can you live to approximate time?

Watch: this 30-minute BBC documentary about John Harrison and the Clock that Changed the World at:

https://goo.gl/bmr0DG

63 Speak: do you consider time your enemy?

64 Speak: do clocks make your life better or do they oppress you?

65 Speak: can you conceive of time being an illusion? Do you agree that it is?

Watch: a 50-minute US documentary on the physics of the illusion of time at:

https://goo.gl/k4bUzy

Watch: a 50-minute BBC documentary on the same subject at:

https://goo.gl/trWMcl

62 A Brief History of (Abstract) Time: the long road to accurate clocks

Exercise 20

63 Time: the enemy of the artist

64 Natural Time: life without clocks

65 The Shifting Sands of Time: is time just an illusion?

66 Times of Conflict: people get violent when their time is threatened

Exercise 26

67-69 Changing Time: should we reform the Gregorian calendar and GMT?

70 Time and Turkey: festive birds & currency exchange

71-72 Time is Money: from cliché to mindset

73 Word Building: -time Exercise 14

74-75 Telling the Time: advanced class Exercise 12

76-77 Natural Time: expressing time without clocks Exercise 6

78-79 Natural Time expressions Exercise 11

80-82 Time Expressions: All in Good Time Exercise 18

83 It’s Time Exercise 24

“...we see almost everybody crawling around half dead with hunger!”

64 | YES 26 www.yes-mag.com61

Time

Winter is Not ComingThe way we think about time is trapped1 in a web of metaphors. We think of time as flowing2 like a river. However, for something to flow it must do so relative to something else, so, unless we postulate that there is a second type of time against which time flows, the met-aphor breaks down3. Yet4 flowing time is at the heart of5 Western languages. We say “Winter is coming” just as6 we might say, “My mother-in-law7 is coming”. Not all languages see the world like this. The Amondawa people of Brazil have a completely different conception of time.

Indeed8, they don’t even have a word for abstract time – the nearest they come is a word for the sun. The sun determines when they get up, eat, work and sleep but they live quite happily without months, years, and birth-days. They have no way of saying, “the dry season is coming”, though they understand space-time metaphors in Portuguese. Amondawa time is identical to the natural events of everyday life, not an abstraction used to mar-shal9 those events.

Down with Clocks!It is easy to forget that our clock time is an artificial construct. However, throughout10 most of humanity’s existence people have got by11 just fine12 without know-ing the time in the modern sense. Fascinatingly, we can actually13 know how Westerners reacted when they first fell under the yoke14 of time. In the 4th Century BCE Aris-totle complained15 that theatre-goers didn’t watch the plays properly16 because they were mesmerized17 by

the public clepsydra18. A similar frustration with the clock time was expressed a couple of centuries later in Plautius’s Boeotia: “Let the gods damn19 the first man who invented the hours, the first man who set up20 a sundial21 in this city! He has chopped22 the day into slices23! When I was young, there was no other clock than my stomach. For me it was the best and most accurate24 clock; at its call, we ate. [...] Now, we have to eat only when it pleases the sun. The city is full of sundials21, but we see almost everybody crawl-ing around25 half dead with hunger26!” The Amondawa don’t find the sun so oppressive because its dictates are not transformed into abstract numbers for them.

1 to be trapped – be captive, be imprisoned

2 to flow – move continuously, run like water

3 to break down (break-broke-broken) – collapse

4 yet – (in this case) nevertheless, however

5 to be at the heart of – be cen-tral to

6 just as – in the same way that 7 one’s mother-in-law – one’s

spouse’s mother

8 indeed – (emphatic) in fact 9 to marshal – organize, order 10 throughout – (emphatic)

during 11 to get by (get-got-got) – cope,

survive 12 just fine – (colloquial) perfectly

well13 actually – (false friend) in fact14 yoke – tyranny, oppression15 to complain – protest, object 16 properly – appropriately

17 to be mesmerized – be fascinated

18 clepsydra – water clock, chro-nometer that uses dripping water

19 to damn – pronounce a malediction on, condemn to suffering

20 to set sth. up (set-set-set) – erect

21 sundial – instrument showing the time by the shadow (= silhouette created by the sun)

of a pointer on a plate marked with the hours of the day

22 to chop – cut (literally) with an axe

23 slice – section 24 accurate – precise, exact 25 to crawl around – (in this

case) move slowly because one has no energy

26 hunger – feeling hungry, a desire for food

Natural Time

Photo by Andreas Praefcke

The October (November) Revolution


Time

26

Calendar ConflictsFrom the Papal adoption of the Gregorian Calendar in 1582 until 1923 European dating3 was chaotic as first Catholic, then Protestant and finally Orthodox countries adopted the new, more accurate4 system. Bizarrely, the Spanish Netherlands switched over5 at the very end6 of 1582 (from 21st December to 1st January), which meant that there was no Christmas that year. There were sporadic riots7 across Europe with the introduction of the new cal-endar in the late 1500s. The process in Sweden was espe-cially traumatic with an attempt8 to phase in9 the new calendar in the first half of the 18th Century. This meant many years in which the Swedes fol-lowed a calendar different from both the Gregorian and the Julian system. When it became clear that the Swed-ish system wasn’t working the Swedes reverted to the Julian calendar10 rather than11 proceeding to the Gre-gorian. The Swedish mayhem12 even included having a 30th February in 1712! Sweden and Finland finally went Gregorian13 in 1753.

Britain adopted the Gregorian Calendar in 1752. As a result, Wednesday September 2nd was followed by Thurs-day 12th. Some historians claimed14 that there were riots7 demanding “Give us our eleven days!” but most modern historians think that this is a fiction.

Russia didn’t adopt the Gregorian calendar until after the Bolsheviks took over15. As a result, the insurrection in Petrograd known the world over as ‘the October Rev-olution’ actually16 started on 7th November, according to the Gregorian calendar.

Un-Happy HourDon’t think for a moment that civil time has now been successfully globalized. Since its introduction in the First World War daylight-saving time17 (DST) has provoked numerous conflicts around the world from Britain to Belarus. In 1997 and 1998 thousands of students rioted18 at Ohio University in Athens (USA) because the introduction of DST meant they had an hour less drinking time.

1 pretty (adv.) – reasonably 2 nonchalant – calm, relaxed 3 dating – use of calendars4 accurate – precise, correct5 to switch over – (in this case) change from the Julian calen-dar10 to the Gregorian one

6 very end – (emphatic) end

7 riot /ˈraiət/ – violent tumultuous public disturbance

8 attempt – effort 9 to phase in – gradually introduce 10 the Roman calendar intro-

duced by Julius Caesar 11 rather than – instead of, as

opposed to

12 mayhem /ˈmeihem/ – chaos 13 to go Gregorian (go-went-

gone) – adopt the Gregorian calendar

14 to claim – say 15 to take over (take-took-taken) –

take control 16 actually – (false friend) in fact

17 daylight-saving time – the advancing of the clocks one hour during the summer months, British Summer Time (UK English)

18 to riot – cause a riot7

Times of ConflictMost people seem to be pretty1 nonchalant2 about time... until someone tries to change theirs.

AUDIO SCRIPTSThe following pages contain the transcriptions of what is spoken on the audio files.

SPOKEN-ENGLISH TIPSSpoken English is significantly different from the written language: A more limited vocabulary is generally used and it is, by definition, more colloquial.Moreover1, spoken English uses many more incomplete or badly constructed sentences. On the other hand, intonation and stress can be used in speech.

HOW TO USE THE AUDIO SCRIPTSFollow our eight-step process to get the most out of the audio scripts:

Before you listen we recommend that you read through the relevant section of the footnotes2 (not the text itself). This should give you some idea of the subject3 and help you to understand the more difficult vocabulary as you listen.

When you listen the first time, don’t expect to understand everything; listening practice should not be a painful4 process. Simply see how much meaning you can extract from the recording.

Listen more times going back to the footnotes to integrate the information you have.

Once you understand reasonably well, do the relevant exercise.

Finally, read the audio scripts as you listen again.

Stop each time you get lost or encounter a structure that interests or confuses you.

Repeat words or phrases whose pronunciation surprises you.

Two or three days later, listen to the text again without reading to see if your understanding has improved5.

This process is intense and time-consuming. However, it will eventually6 solve the problem most learners have of relating7 the spoken word to the written. Once you’ve done that, the rest is easy!

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

YES 26 | 87

1 moreover – what’s more, furthermore2 footnotes – notes at the bottom of the page (in this box)

3 subject (n.) – (in this case) theme 4 painful – (in this case) arduous, unpleasant5 to improve – get better 6 eventually – (false friend) in the end 7 to relate – associate, connect, link

YES NO 26 TRACK LIST

Mini-debates (29m21s)1. Resisting English (10m43s)2. Cells in Schools (9m16s)3. The Death of Youth Culture (9m22s)

Monologues: Birds (15m44s)4. Monologue 1 [US English] (4m03s)5. Monologue 2 [UK English] (2m52s)6. Monologue 3 [UK English] (3m19s)7. Monologue 4 [Scottish English] (5m30s)

8. Pronunciation Exercise (1m08s)

9. Upton Priory (14m12s)

10. Picture Description (4m31s)

Total time: 1h04m56s

Photo by Martinak15


AUDIO SCRIPTS

100 media – TV, radio, newspapers, internet, etc.

101 teenage – adolescent 102 do believe – (emphatic) believe

103 to die out – become extinct 104 your typical – (informal) the typical, the

average

105 outlet – (in this case) way of expressing oneself

106 press – newspapers and magazines 107 by any criterion – under any definition

3. The Death of Youth Culture(9m22s)

Scotsman (SM): Yeah, in the British media100, there’s… there’ve been sev-eral articles talking about “the dead of youth culture”. Do you think that youth culture is now dead, that it no longer exists?Englishwoman (EW): Well, I think that if you’re referring to the teen-age101 rebel of the 20th Century the mods, punks, metallers, goths, I do believe102 they all have died out103, yeah.

American Man (AM): I don’t agree. I think the typical… your typical104 punk is probably a bastion of per-haps my generation or a generation before mine, but I think youth cul-ture has, isn’t, hasn’t died, it’s just11 transformed. I think with the advent of internet and things like YouTube, I think they’ve found a different outlet105 than in the past.Englishman (EM): Well, I think to some extent85 what the British

press106 anyway are talking about is the fact that teenage101 culture is a completely artificial thing which was invented in the 1950s. It didn’t really exist before that. And music culture now is no longer directed at teenagers simply because it’s very difficult to start a new young group and so when you have pop festivals most of the acts are middle aged and some of them are old aged. You have quite a lot of people who are objec-tively pensioners by any criterion107 who are performing and the audi-ence certainly in Britain tend to be – sort of16 – middle aged, tend to be people like me and where there are younger people going there are often

10

Photo by WhiteskyA peregrine falcon


AUDIO SCRIPTS

260 particular – (false friend) special 261 soft spot – emotional susceptibility,

affection262 blackbird – (Turdus merula) small bird that

is black (♂) or dark brown (♀)263 golden eagle – (Aquila chrysaetos) big

dark brown bird of prey190

264 chart – illustration, diagram265 just – (in this case) immediately 266 to feed (feed-fed-fed) – provide food for

267 peregrine falcon – (Falco peregrinus) duck hawk

268 to get up to (get-got-got) – reach speeds of 269 dive – free fall 270 beech tree – (Fagus sylvatica) a species

of tree271 to perch – sit, rest, pose272 whistling – high-frequency

273 starling – (Sturnus vulgaris) a gregarious Old World bird

274 glint – reflective point, flash275 to roost – (in this case) congregate for

sleep276 shoal – school, group 277 truly – really 278 due to – because of 279 unleaded petrol – gasoline containing a

reduced level of tetraethyl lead [= (C2 H

5)

4 Pb]

280 swift – (Apodidae) a very fast small black bird

intelligent, and that’s the sort154 of species that learns to coexist with humans. Seagulls197 would be at sea if we hadn’t emptied the waters around Britain of fish. Given that we have, these gulls197 have learned to take advantage of our overcrowded island.

Anyway, to answer the question, I think I like all birds and hate none. However, I have a particular260 soft spot261 for crows164 and ravens231, I’m not quite sure why.

7. Monologue 4 [Scottish English] (5m30s)

I come from a family of amateur ornithologists. I remember every-where we used to go everyone would be… everyone in the family would be looking out saying, “Oh, look up there. There’s a – y’know2 – a magpies239, there’s a blackbird262, there’s a golden eagle263”, and what-ever and we all had our favourite birds that we’d be looking out for. In the kitchen we had a big chart264 of typical garden birds and my mother had a bird table249 just265 outside the window and, so, every morning while we had breakfast we’d look at the different birds there. And I think for my mother feeding266 the birds was almost more of a priority than feeding her own family! There was always a panic when we went away on holiday that what would happen26 to the poor92 birds.

So, anyway, my favourite birds. I have several favourite birds. I think when I was younger my favourite bird was the peregrine falcon267. They’re impressive, just11 their speed in the air. I think they can get up to268 120 or 140km per hour in a dive269. You know, I guess35 that is just11 the killing machine and as a small boy I used to love those. And so I was very excited. I remember when I saw my first peregrine in Scotland.

But I have several other favourite birds. I love blackbirds262. You know when I was younger there was a beech tree270 outside our house and every morning in spring a blackbird262 used to perch271 there singing and I used to wake up every morning to the song of the blackbird262. And even now if I walk down a street or I’m out in the countryside I hear the song, a beautiful whistling272 song, it brings me straight

back again to my childhood. Other birds that I love are star-

lings273. You know they have those wonderful little glints274 of metallic colour in their feathers182. And, well, they’re not there anymore, but before in London in Leicester Square there used to be thousands of starlings273 and you’d go there in the evening and all the starlings273 would go there to roost275. And you know with the flocks236 of starlings273 when they fly they’d be like shoals276 of fish in the sea – kind of41 – moving from one side to the next, a truly277 incredi-ble sight. So, unfortunately due to278 pollution, some people say due to278 unleaded petrol279, the starling273 population in the south of England, in London, has been decimated. So, you can no longer see them there.

There are two other birds that I love. Swifts280, some people call

19

Photo by National Library of Ireland


AUDIO SCRIPTS

300 just – (in this case) a moment ago301 blower – (old fashioned) telephone302 to come round (come-came-come) – (in

this case) come to visit 303 indeed – (emphatic) really304 to ask for sb’s hand – propose marriage 305 estate – (in this case) aristocratic property 306 butler – chief manservant 307 to clear one’s throat – cough a little to

speak more clearly or attract attention

308 milud – (old fashioned) my lord 309 milady – (old fashioned) my lady 310 just – (in this case) quickly311 hiccough (also spelt ‘hiccup’) – (in this

case) minor problem 312 to be a bit off – (old fashioned) be rather

unsatisfactory313 to be on the bottle – be drinking, be get-

ting drunk 314 to lay sb. out (lay-laid-laid) – put sb. to bed

315 to be taken care of – be under control316 to hide sth. (hide-hid-hidden) – conceal sth.,

put sth. out of sight 317 among – amongst, (in this

case) under 318 terrine – rectangular tray 319 dresser – (UK English) side-

board (= piece of furniture) with shelves for displaying things

Lord Poorwell (Lord): Oh, oh, there you are, dear! I just300 had a call on the blower301.Lady Poorwell (Lady): Oh, really? From whom?Lord: From an American. From an American. Do you know Mr Stoker?Lady: No, not Maxwell Stoker, darling.Lord: Maxwell Stoker. He’s coming round302.Lady: Oh, no, really? Oh, you know, you know Cecil that would be so lovely if Henrietta could meet him. You know he really is a millionaire. I think almost a billionaire.Lord: That could save us.Lady: Oh, it could indeed303. Oh, we must really make a good impression.Lord: But he didn’t say what he wanted. Maybe he’s coming to ask for Henrietta’s hand304.Lady: Oh, that would be wonderful.Lord: It would be wonderful, yes. That would save the estate305. We’d be able to continue to live here.The butler306 Sourstone (S): clear-ing his throat307.Lord: Ah, yes?S: Milud308, Milady309. Well, I’d just310 like to say we’ve got a couple of organizational hiccoughs311. Nothing serious of course, but I’m afraid to say

that the cook is drunk again.Lord: Oh, that’s a bit off312.S: Yes, drinking the cooking sherry she is.Lady: Gladys has been on the bottle313 again?S: We’ve taken her back to her room and laid her out314. And, well, don’t worry, everything’s taken care of315.

Lady: Oh, dear, Sourstone. But I had Bins the gardener hide316 the cooking wine among317 the roses.S: Yeah.Lady: Really, Cecil, you mustn’t leave the key in the drinks cabinet. I always hide316 it in the silver terrine318 on the dresser319.Lord: I’m sorry, dear. One of the two

9. Upton Priory(14m12s)

30

EXERCISES

YES 26 | 111

PAGE EXERCISE

PAGE EXERCISE

112 1. Illustrations round-up: see if you can identify some of the things mentioned in the footnotes of this issue.

113 2. Title Tag: can you match these alternative titles to the news articles on pp. 7-11?

3. Weather and Health: choose the best answers for this reading comprehension exercise (pp. 28-31).

114 4. Word Search: find the terms from the weather dossier (pp. 12-59).

115 5. Weather false friends: find the false cognates in these sentences. (pp. 56-57)

6. Too Many Words – economics: Find the surplus words in this text from p. 38.

7. Natural Time: a varied exercise to test your understanding (pp. 76-77).

116 8. Crossword: for revision of vocabulary from throughout the magazine.

117 9. Weather Idioms: complete these sentences. (pp. 52-55)

118 10. Debates: varied listening comprehension exercises for audio tracks 1-3 (pp. 88-99).

119 11. Natural-Time Idioms: complete the sentences. (pp. 78-79)

12. Telling the time: read these clock faces. (pp. 74-75)

120 13. False Friends Round-up: test to see if you learned the false friends marked in the footnotes throughout the magazine.

14. Word Building: complete these sentences with -time words. (p. 73)

121 15. Internet listening: test your listening comprehension with this fascinating TED talk about the psychology of time.

16. Geography: fill the missing zone names into the shipping chart. (pp. 46-47)

122 17. Weather Collocations: match the words to form meteorological terms.

18. Time Idioms: complete the sentences to form expressions from pp. 80-82.

123 19. Monologues: a true-false listening comprehension on audio tracks 4-7 (pp. 99-104).

20. Cloze: fill the gaps in this text about longitude and the invention of the watch. (p. 62)

124 21. Wordplay: a word game – relating to the weather-painting article. (pp. 33-35)

22. Weather phrasal verbs: fill the gaps with the multi-word verbs. (pp. 58-59)

23. Pronunciation: revise the difficult words from the footnotes. (audio track 8)

125 24. It’s Time: an excuse for a past tense revision exercise. (p. 83)

126 25. Prepositions: fill the gaps in this text about climate and history with prepositions. (pp. 24-27)

26. Homophones: correct this text about time in Indiana. (p. 66)

127 27. Visualizing Vocabulary: match these illustrations to weather terms mentioned in the weather dossier.

128 28. Wordplay: test your vocabulary and understanding of English morphology.

129 29. Cloud matching exercise: match the cloud terms to their descriptions. (p. 22)

30. Improvisation: answer these questions about audio track 9 (pp. 105-110).

130 31. Sentence transformation: revise structures from throughout the issue.

131-133 ANSWERS


4. The word box below contains 22 weather-related words from the weather dossier (pp. 12-59). The clues below should help you to find them:

1. a sudden heavy fall of rain2. a lot of rain in a short period of time3. a (meteorological) prediction4. a poetic term for a storm with strong winds5. an electrical discharge in a storm6. a light wind7. a haboob, strong winds that carry large

quantities of fine dry particles 8. an intense storm in the Caribbean9. a prolonged period of abnormally hot weather10. a storm that forms over warm water11. a seasonal wind in Asia, especially the

one that brings a lot of rain to India

12. when normally dry terrain becomes covered in water13. light rain14. a prolonged period with little or no rain15. a severe storm in the China Sea16. a twister17. a snowstorm18. a sudden blast of wind19. frozen rain20. thin cloud at ground level21. thick cloud at ground level22. severe winter in Central Asia

Remember to write down any new vocabulary. Moreover, if there are any words you don’t recognize, find them in the articles and write down the context as an example sentence.

F E V A W T A E H N G R F T A M A

R E E L I C B A M U B O L I D E O

E H E T E T H G U O R D P U N L S

C C T O R N A D O E E R D O I I P

I N S F R E I T C I E U I A L G M

P A E P P G R A L O Z T H C V H N

I L P E R O S P G D E Y D O A T D

T A M A E T U I N C O P F O E N O

O V E I T O P P I N G H I M A I E

T A T E S R A R D O E O R R D N N

E M S R T T U R O O E O E O L G O

L E E T Y O A M O S R N T T A A L

Z P V H P Z T I L N L O S S S L C

Z R A N Z A I N F O G U S D E N Y

I R W I E N S E A M G R V N C S C

R O L A Y E D E R I F H S A B P R

D B W N S C L O U D B U R S T X P


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26

27 28 29 30

31 32 33 34 35

36 37 38 39 40 41

42 43 44 45

46 47 48 49 50

51 52 53 54 55

56 57Across

1. meteorology. Homophone of ‘whether’

3. possessive adjective5. chop; illegally enter a

computer system9. conjunction.

Homophone of ‘awe’10. moral tale, parable11. capable13 subject and object pronoun15. make a tunnel16. quarrel17. same as 9 ACROSS18. Egyptian sun god19. same as 17 ACROSS20. Noah’s vessel21. negative prefix 22. black and white bird24. pastry. Homophone of ‘pi’26. lyric poem27. Scottish ‘small’. Urine?29. midday meal31. International Music

Association (initialism)32. US mum33. Afghanistan (internet

address)

34. therefore. Homophone of ‘sew’

36. woman who lives in a convent. Homophone of ‘none’

37. San Francisco (initialism)39. rotates40. thin pieces of metal used

in clothes making43. female sibling46. hole, coalmine 47. same as 13 ACROSS49. negative adverb.

Homophone of ‘know’50. hello. Homophone

of ‘high’52. south-westerly wet

Indian wind53. in a short time54. preposition. Activated?56. victim of a raptor.

Homophone of ‘pray’57. making an effort; annoying

Down

1. tornado2. indefinite article3. simple chronometer4. make a mistake, blunder5. bird of 56 ACROSS6. antibody, Aberdeen

(abbreviation)7. nebular mass of water vapour8. seed, essence. Homophone

of ‘colonel’10. prediction12. noisy, booming14. Informal British thanks15. constricting snake16. precipitation22. meanwhile23. brittle transparent (or

translucent) substance24. northern marine birds, auks25. preposition. Fashionable?27. forceful movement of air

28. flightless Australian bird29. girl30. group of actors33. donkey34. term of respect for a man35. same as 54 ACROSS38. fishes’ appendages 40. small unit of British

money. Girl’s name41. oscillate42. the fourth dimension.

Homophone ‘thyme’44. black powdery

amorphous carbon45. bird’s forelimb48. plaything51. operation (abbreviation)52. object pronoun54. same as 19 ACROSS55. New York (initialism)

Test how well you have retained the vocabulary from this issue of Yes by doing the following crossword

If you find the crossword difficult, do the easy clues (in bold) first. This will make the rest of the words much easier to find.

Crossword


31. Sentence Transformation. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same thing as the first sentence. The word in bold must be one of the words you use to fill the gap; do not change the form of this word. Each gap requires between two and five words. Page (p.) and footnote (n.) references for each structure are given:

1. Jay is familiar with suffering. He lost his parents when he was very young. stranger (p. 9, n. 6)Jay is ___________________________________________________ suffering. He lost his parents when he was very young.

2. If this fails I’m going to blame you.responsible (p. 17, n. 3)If this fails I’m going to ____________________________________________________________________.

3. There will probably be more falls on the stock exchange before the end of the year.likely (p. 19, n. 9)There ____________________________________________________ more falls on the stock exchange before the end of the year.

4. The baby zebra became separated from the herd and found itself in extreme danger.cut (p. 21, n. 18)The baby zebra got __________________________________________________ the herd and found itself in extreme danger.

5. The Opposition’s criticisms gradually weakened the Prime Minister’s popularity. chipped (p. 22, n. 2)The Opposition’s criticisms _______________________________________________________ the Prime Minister’s popularity.

6. Jeremy has learned to make Spanish omelette with great skill.art (p. 24, n. 8)Jeremy has got Spanish omelette down ________________________________________________________________.

7. The El Niño Phenomenon is completely unrelated to the Chilean Earthquake.do (p. 26, n. 1)The El Niño Phenomenon has __________________________________________________________ the Chilean earthquake.

8. Do you think rugby will ever become established in that country?root (p. 33, n. 7)Do you think rugby will ever ___________________________________________________________ in that country?

9. She enthusiastically accepted the opportunity to learn a new trade.challenge (p. 34, n. 10)She took ______________________________________________________________________ to learn a new trade.

10. The Tropical storm completely disrupted the flights’ schedule at the airport.havoc (p. 36, n. 15)The Tropical storm __________________________________________________________ the flights’ schedule at the airport.

11. How is the country’s risk premium related to the unemployment rate?have (p. 38, n. 1)What does the country’s risk premium _____________________________________________ the unemployment rate?

12. This matter is closed in my opinion.far (p. 38, n. 3)This matter is closed as __________________________________________________________________________ .

STAFFAnglo Files, S.L. (publisher)

Nicholas Franklin (editor)

[email protected]

Marina Carresi

(artistic director and photography, proofreading)

[email protected]

Nathan Burkiewicz

(sub-editor, page-design, webmaster)

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Fabiola Vieyra (promotion)

Josh Tampico (sound engineer)

Gonzalo Cohen (legal)

WRITERS, VOICES, INVALUABLE SUPPORT & HELPING HANDS

Douglas Jasch, Silvia Gimeno Siehr, Prof. Raoul Franklin, Colman Keane, Miles Pratt,

Almudena Cáceres, Susannah Jones, Robbie K. Jones, Garrett Wall, AmyJo Doherty, James Duggan, Jim Trainor,

Rod E. Musselman, Adrian Hall, Paul Thomas, John Adedoyin, Hamish Binns, Lois Humphrey,

Julie Davies, Irene Tremblay, Dave Mooney, Howard Brown, Bea Alzona,

Saskia Eijkins, Cristian Dopazzo.

PHOTOGRAPHYCover: Photo by Deniltonlima, photo-

montage Nick Franklin & Marina Carresi

Marina Carresi, Ana Miralles, Mario Herrera, Belén Gutiérrez,

Leonardo L Carresi, Jaume Carbonell

PLEASE CHECK OUR WEBPAGE FOR THE FULL UPDATED LIST OF YES STOCKISTS.

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Published by Anglo Files S.L. C/ Bronce 27, 11-B, Madrid 28045Depósito legal: M-9788-2013 // ISSN: 2255-5676PVP: 9,95€ VAT included/incluido IVA // Printed in Spain

All rights reserved. Neither all nor part of this magazine can be reproduced, recorded in or transmitted by any information-recovery system by any means, be it mechanical, photochemical, magnetic, electronic, photocopies or any other method or used for commercial purposes without prior written permission from the publisher and in accordance with the Intellectual Property Law. Any violation of these terms and conditions will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.

YOUR ENGLISH SUPPLEMENT

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Metaphysicist Frithjof Schuon by Erisedstar30259 A philosopher

In the Next Volume ofYour English Supplement

THE SECRETS OF THE SEAThe seaside features1 prominently in many people’s concepts of an earthly paradise. Yet2 the sea also drowns3 those looking for a better life. The sea offers a defence to some, and a deadly barrier to others. Tsunamis represent the greatest destructive force in nature. Maritime routes connect us while the oceans’ otherworldliness4 provides adventures in an unexplored landscape. In any case it is impossible to be indifferent to the sea. We offer you a thorough5 exploration of all aspects of life (and death) on the waves.

>> Marine grammar>> False friends at sea>> Maritime idioms>> Pronounce ‘mainsail’ and ‘boatswain’ like you had

salt water in your veins

THE CONSOLATION OF PHILOSOPHYHow to talk about truth, morality and existence in English.

PEAK STUFF: THE DECLINE OF MATERIALISMIs our love affair with possessions coming to an end?

CONSCIOUSNESS: THINKING INSIDE YOUR BOXOK, OK, “I think therefore I am” – but what is thought really?

1 to feature – appear, be included

2 yet – (in this case) however3 to drown sb. – cause sb. to suffocate in water

4 otherworldliness – mystery, unfamiliarity

5 thorough – exhaustive

yes - your english supplement: volume 26

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