The Earth Summit was a UN

event

Earth SummitFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from United Nations Conference on Environment and Development)

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development(UNCED), also known as the Rio Summit, Rio Conference, and EarthSummit (Portuguese: ECO-92 [ˈɛku no̞ˈvẽtɐ j ˈdojʃ]), was a major UnitedNations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 June to 14 June 1992.

In 2012, the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development wasalso held in Rio, and is also commonly called Rio+20 or Rio Earth Summit2012. It was held from June 20 to 22nd.

Contents

1 Overview

1.1 Results

2 See also

3 References4 External links

Overview

172 governments participated, with 108 sending their heads of state or government.[1] Some 2,400 representativesof non-governmental organizations (NGOs) attended, with 17,000 people at the parallel NGO "Global Forum"(a.k.a. Forum Global), who had Consultative Status.

The issues addressed included:

systematic scrutiny of patterns of production — particularly the production of toxic components, such as lead

in gasoline, or poisonous waste including radioactive chemicals

alternative sources of energy to replace the use of fossil fuels which are linked to global climate changenew reliance on public transportation systems in order to reduce vehicle emissions, congestion in cities and

the health problems caused by polluted air and smoke

the growing scarcity of water

An important achievement was an agreement on the Climate Change Convention which in turn led to the KyotoProtocol. Another agreement was to "not carry out any activities on the lands of indigenous peoples that wouldcause environmental degradation or that would be culturally inappropriate".

The Convention on Biological Diversity was opened for signature at the Earth Summit, and made a start towardsredefinition of measures that did not inherently encourage destruction of natural ecoregions and so-calleduneconomic growth.

Twelve cities were also honoured by the Local Government Honours Award for innovative local environmentalprograms. These included Sudbury in Canada for its ambitious program to rehabilitate environmental damage fromthe local mining industry, Austin in the United States for its green building strategy, and Kitakyūshū in Japan forincorporating an international education and training component into its municipal pollution control program.

Results

The Earth Summit resulted in the following documents:

Rio Declaration on Environment and Development[2]

Agenda 21[3][4]

Forest Principles

Moreover, important legally binding agreements were opened for signature:

Convention on Biological Diversity[5]

Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

Critics, however, point out that many of the agreements made in Rio have not been realized regarding suchfundamental issues as fighting poverty and cleaning up the environment.

Green Cross International was founded to build upon the work of the Summit.

See also

Ecology summitPrecautionary principle

The Environmental InstituteUnited Nations Conference on the Human Environment 1972

Earth Summit 2002 "Rio+10" held in JohannesburgUnited Nations Conference on Sustainable Development also known as Rio 2012 or Rio+20, hosted byBrazil in Rio de Janeiro, as a 20-year follow-up to the historic 1992 United Nations Conference on

Environment and Development (UNCED).Global Map

Regional Forum on Environment and Health in Southeast and East Asian countriesNational Strategy for a Sustainable America

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

References

1. ^ Earth_Summit (http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/enviro.html)

2. ^ http://habitat.igc.org/agenda21/rio-dec.htm

3. ^ United Nations Agenda 21 (http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/english/agenda21toc.htm)

4. ^ http://habitat.igc.org/agenda21/

5. ^ http://www.cbd.int

External links

Documents from the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (also known as UNCED

or the Earth Summit) (http://www.un.org/esa/dsd/resources/res_docukeyconf_eartsumm.shtml) held in Riode Janeiro, Brazil, 1992

video: George Hunt reviews UNCED 1992 (http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6642758020554799808)video: Severn Suzuki, 13 years old, speaks for Environmental Children Organization UNCED 1992

(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5g8cmWZOX8Q)Address at Rio Earth Summit (http://dalailama.com/messages/environment/address-at-rio), Tenzin Gyatso

Dalai LamaAgenda 21 at the Center for a World in Balance (http://rio2012.org/intagreements/1992-rio-agenda21.php)

A critical New Internationalist (http://www.newint.org) keynote about the 1992 Rio Earth Summit(http://www.newint.org/features/1992/04/05/keynote/)

Rio Summit- news, reports, documents, opinions... (http://www.environmentportal.in/category/thesaurus/rio-summit.)Rio+20 on India Environment Portal (http://www.environmentportal.in/thesaurus/rio20)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earth_Summit&oldid=586324886"Categories: 1992 in Brazil United Nations conferences Diplomatic conferences in Brazil

20th-century diplomatic conferences 1992 conferences 1992 in international relations

1992 in the environment Environmental conferences

This page was last modified on 16 December 2013 at 12:04.

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