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YEAR 9 GEOGRAPHY

Complete all the activities in the booklet. You can use the information found on the websites listed on the final page of the booklet or through using the power points shared via the school network. You may find that some of the activities in the booklet have been taught in your geography lessons, in this case you will be completing the questions as revision. When we return to school you will be assessed on the coasts unit of work. When you have completed all the activities in the booklet you will then need to complete knowledge recall quizzes on the Seneca website on the topics we have studied in geography this year. Step 1: Go to the Seneca website https://www.senecalearning.com/ and create an account. This is free. Step2: You need to go to the settings and click on ‘Join a Class’ Step 3: Enter the Class code: emvbzj4lht When you have joined the class you will see than an assignment has already been created for you. You will need to work through the questions and when finished you will receive instant feedback. You responses to the questions will also be sent to your class teacher.

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The Coastal Zone Booklet

Coastal landscapes in the UK

Key idea: The coast is shaped by a number of physical processes.

Study the diagrams of waves types.

Define ‘swash’.

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Explain the term ‘fetch’

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Study the photo of Beachy Head and Seven Sisters near Brighton in England. Based on what you can see in the photo,

say which wave type mainly occurs there (constructive or destructive), then offer reasons for your choice.

Main wave type: __________________________________________

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The coast is shaped by weathering, mass movement, erosion, transportation and deposition.

There are three groups of weathering. These are listed below, explain each type of weathering. Explain each type of weathering Physical: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Chemical: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Biological: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What type of weathering is this?

Which type of physical weathering would you find in hot, dry climates?

Explain the processes using the following words: heating cooling expansion contraction

cracks_________________________________________________________________________________________

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Explain what is happening at each stage.

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Mass movement

There are four types of mass movement which provide an input of material into the coastal system. Label

and explain each of these around the diagram.

The photograph to the left shows cliffs in North Yorkshire, which

suffered mass movement in 1993. Explain what causes mass

movement to occur.

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Coastal Erosion

When a wave crashes down on a beach or smashes against a cliff, it carries out the processes of coastal erosion. In the boxes provided, draw labelled diagrams to show how the processes of hydraulic power, abrasion and attrition erode rock.

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Coastal Transportation

Four main types of sediment transportation can be identified.

Explain each type of transportation method below.

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Coastal Deposition

Coastal deposition takes place in areas where the flow of water slows down. Sediment can no longer be

carried or rolled along and has to be deposited.

Label the diagram to show the process of longshore drift and how it affects a coastline. You

should include a range of terms such as: swash, backwash, erosion and transportation.

Distinctive landforms result from different processes.

Landforms resulting from erosion – HEADLANDS AND BAYS

Cliffs rarely erode at an even pace. Sections of resistant rock stick out to form headlands. Weaker sections are more easily eroded to form bays.

Key idea: Distinctive coastal landforms are the result of rock type, structure and physical processes.

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The map below shows the geology of part of the Dorset coastline. On the map, show how the coastline

is likely to change in the future. Annotate the changes that you make with brief explanations.

CLIFFS AND WAVE CUT PLATFORMS

The sea cliff is the most widespread landform of coastal erosion.

EXAM-STYLE QUESTION: Explain how a wave-cut platform forms. (4)

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CAVES, ARCHES, STACKS, STUMPS

Explain the formation of a stack. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Which of the following statements are true? Shade two ovals only

a. Depositional landforms occur where swash is strong.

b. A spit is an erosional landform.

c. A coastal bar forms when longshore drift deposits sediment across the entrance to a

bay.

d. A headland is a depositional landform.

e. A wave cut platform is a depositional landform

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Next to each image below, name the coastal feature and say whether it is formed by erosion or deposition.

Landforms resulting from deposition –

Explain the formation of a spit.

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Explain the formation of a bar ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What is a tombolo? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Complete the table of A NAMED EXAMPLE OF A SECTION OF

COASTLINE IN THE UK My example:

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Identify the location of your chosen

stretch of coastline on the map. Sketch map of the geology of your chosen stretch of coastline.

Describe the erosional processes at play along this section of

coastline. An example of one erosional landform found on this section of coastline. Include a diagram or sketch of the feature and its name if it has one. Stretch: say how the feature is likely to change in the future.

Describe the depositional processes at play along this section

of coastline. An example of one depositional landform found on this section of

coastline. Include a diagram or sketch of the feature and its name if it

has one. Stretch: say how the feature is likely to change in

the future.

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Coastal Management Define hard engineering _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Define soft engineering _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Using the annual sea wall maintenance cost data provided, identify the mode, median, mean and range.

Mode: the most common Median: the middle value (when values are in order of size) Mean: the average Range: the difference between the greatest and smallest values

Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

2016 2017

Annual costs (thousand £)

20 30 18 62 36 20 24

Mode: _______________ Median: ________________ Mean: _______________ Range: _______________ There is discussion about how the coast should be managed. There is debate about the costs and benefits of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ engineering.

Engineering Description Advantage Disadvantage

Sea Wall

Groynes

Rock Armour

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Select one of the following soft engineering strategies: beach nourishment and reprofiling, or dune regeneration. Describe how it protects the coast, and outline one advantage and one disadvantage to the strategy. Chosen Strategy __________________________________________ It protects the coast by _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Advantages ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Disadvantages _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Beach nourishment

Dune regeneration

Marsh creation

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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Rising sea level will have important consequences for people living in the coastal zone.

ESSEX

What is causing rising sea level? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Describe 4 possible impacts of sea level rise in East Anglia. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Coastal erosion can lead to cliff collapse. This causes problems for people and the environment. HOLDERNESS

Where is the Holderness Coast? What is the problem?

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Why is Cliff Erosion such a problem here?

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Attempts at Coastal Management along the Holderness Coast include:

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Example of the impacts of Coastal Management: Mappleton

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Protecting Mappleton

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What problems are created further down coast?

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Coastal areas provide a unique environment and habitat. There is a need for conservation and this leads to conflict with other land uses.

THE ESSEX MARSHES

Write a description of what the Essex marshes are ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Why are they under threat? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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How can we conserve the marshes? What Strategies are used? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Useful WEBSITES http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/coasts/coastal_processes_rev1.shtml

http://www.coolgeography.co.uk/GCSE/AQA/Coastal%20Zone/Coastal%20zone.htm http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/gcse/revision.html http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/gcse/command.html http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/topics/coasts.html http://www.s-cool.co.uk/gcse/geography/coasts/revise-it/coastal-management-strategies