Year 10 Vol.No: (109) February 2019 Joint Operation News

Year 10 Vol .No: (109) Februar y 2019 M O N T H LY N E W S

Technical Support Supervisor Falah Al-AjmiEditor-in-Chief Eng. Riyadh Al-Hassan Editing Supervisor Salem J. Al-Dousari w w w . k j o . c o m . s a

C-JOC holds a Dinner Buffet for Al-Hazaa

Al-Khafji Joint Operations Launches its new Web Site

Visits Onshore Production (OND) and Project designs & Construction Offices & Facilities

The Executive Director of Industrial Services honors the group’s team

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The brotherhood between Saudi Arabia and the State of Kuwait is a true brotherhood that has been established over the years. It is an ever-increasing friendship. It is a love that generations pass from generation to genera-tion. It is a solid and unique brotherhood.

It is a firm and sincere broth-erhood between the two wise leaders, represented by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and His Highness Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Amir of Kuwait, God Bless them. Yes, it is the brother-hood that has proved fulfill-ment at all times, and has be-come the model for all time.

On 25 and 26 February, the State of Kuwait celebrates its 58th National Day and the 28th Liberation Day.

On my behalf and on behalf of my fellow employees of Al Khafji Joint Operations, I have the honor to convey my sincere congratulations and greetings to His Highness Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Ja-ber Al-Sabah, the Amir of the State of Kuwait, and to His Highness the Crown Prince Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, God Bless them. This happy occasion will return to the brotherly State of Kuwait and its dear people for further progress and prosperity under their wise leadership.

I congratulate my colleagues on these two precious occa-sions, and I ask Allah for the leadership and people of Ku-wait for all the glory, security and prosperity.

Eng. Azeb Al-QahtaniChairman of the JointOperational Committee

Ever Lasting Brotherhood

Al Khafji Joint OperationsOffers to

Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-SabahThe Amir of Kuwait

(May Allah Protect Him)

And his Highness Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-SabahCrown Prince of Kuwait

(May Allah Protect Him)

And to the honorable people of Kuwait

Congratulations on the occasion of the National Day and Liberation Day

25-26 FebruaryMay Allah protect Kuwait and its people

Year 10 Vol.No: (109) February 2019Joint Operation News

On the Occasion of his Promotion and Appointment as Al-Khafji Governor

C-JOC holds a Dinner Buffet for Al-Hazaa

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Eng. Nabil Al-Najrani, invited all KJO Managers to discuss the IT vision and plan for the next five years. It was a distinguished presence led by department managers and their staff with frank and effective participation that influenced the dialogue and suggested that some priorities be adjusted in the department›s road map to imple-ment its vision. For four consecutive days, start-ing on February 4, all the meetings were held successfully and the participants› testimony was confirmed.

At the beginning of each meeting, Eng. Nabil Al-Najrani thanked the managers and their em-ployees for their keenness to meet the invita-tion and attendance, as well as asking them to express their opinions and suggestions openly and transparently so that the Department can include the possible proposals in the road map. Managers commended the initiative, valuing the role of the leading department in moving KJO to the world of IT.

Eng. Adwan Al-Adwani presented a brief expla-

nation of the department›s vision, mission and values derived from the vision and values of KJO. He also explained the journey of the SAP system in KJO since 2004 to 2018, indicating the stages in which the development of the system accord-ing to the needs of the company›s business, sup-ported by some statistics from the company›s departments, as they completed the work using the company›s different systems. Al Adwani also presented the objectives of the department for the next five years which are as follows:

- Security and governance by improv-ing the p rovisions of the security and formu-lating modern policies and procedures for the Department›s work.

- Complete all company procedures so that the environment and procedures of work are paperless.

- Ability to complete work procedures smoothly inside and outside the company.

- Provide the highest rate of access to company systems from anywhere. -

Improve the functional structure of the depart-ment and raise the awareness of the employees so that they can respond to all the changes that occur in the world of information technology.

With regard to the road map of the Department, we include the project «i-Tawaiq» which includes updating the infrastructure and applications of the Department, which reflects the overall ser-vices provided and suppliers of additional speed of the Internet and greater capacity for e-mail and other services. The next year, God willing, will witness the continuation of the work of ap-plying the analysis of the effects on the work and the alignment with the global standards of information technology and then the transition to cloud computing.

The views of the managers and their depart-ments were taken to be discussed by the IT de-partments who were always present at all meet-ings, receiving and responding to the inquiries of the departments so as to include what can be added to the road map.

On Tuesday, February 12, 2019, Chairman of the Joint Operational Committee Eng. Azeb Al-Qahtani held a dinner buffet in honor of His Excellency Governor of Al-Khafji Mohammed bin Sultan Al-Hazza. The dinner was held at the Cultural Tent of Family Accommodation in the presence of members of the Joint Opera-tional Committee and KJO Managers.

The invitation came in celebration of the promotion given to Al-Hazza where reached the rank of Al-Khafji Governor. A number of senior civil and military of-ficials and a gathering of dignitaries in Al-Khafji Governorate attended the event.

At the beginning of the reception, the audience saw a visual presentation of Aramco Gulf Operation’s most important achievements in the development projects with the participation of Al-Khafji Governor from the beginning of his appointment to support the growth and economic diversification of the gover-norate. Al-Qahtani welcomed Al-Hazaa and congratulated him on gaining the trust of the Government upon his appointment. He also thanked the guests for accepting the invitation, and presented a gift and a souvenir shield to Al-Hazza. Later on, Al-Qahtani invited Al-Hazaa and the attendees to the dinner on this occasion and took a memorial picture with them.

Al-Hazza is a distinguished leader with extensive experience in the official work, has had a clear impact on the development of the province in recent years, and is working diligently to invest all the capabilities that qualify it to be one of the most prominent provinces in the Eastern Province.

IT Department discusses its vision and road map with all departments of the company

Eng. Nabil Al-Najrani

Year 10 Vol.No: (109) February 2019 Joint Operation News

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Al-Khafji Joint Operations Launches its new Web Site

On Sunday, February 10,2019, Al-Khafji Joint Operations launched its new official website in the presence of Executive Director of In-dustrial Services Eng. Abdullah Al-Qahtani and Acting Executive Director of Business Affairs Mubarak Al-Saedi.

This new launch was the fruit of the team›s efforts, in which Public and Government Re-lations Department Manager Eng. Riyadh Al-Hassan, Information Technology Department Manager Eng. Nabil Al-Najrani, Media Affairs Acting Superintendent Falah Al-Ajmi, and SAP Superintendent Eng. Mohammed Al-Nufaei. The project’s team was composed of Multi-media Processor Ahmed Al-Azmi, E-Publisher Faisal Al-Otaibi, and Yaser Al-Ribh.

The development gave a powerful addition to the site and gained new interactive features and rich content; it provides its browser with a range of distinct options that have added the characteristic of privacy and uniqueness.

The new homepage offers a great flexibility to browse through a diverse menu that al-lows users to dive deeper and easier, enabling them to access rich information on many top-ics related to common operations at the least

time.

The developed site www.kjo.com.sa has many advanced features including its use of a sophisticated infrastructure system; it facili-tates the dynamic collection and updating of information; it also has the self-participation of visitors; it allows them to meet their indi-vidual needs in terms of creating a new fea-ture. The subscription allows you to receive instant alert signals when news related to media events is added. The site also contains collections of historical and modern imagery and a video archive, reflecting the interest of the Joint Operations in social and community responsibility.

The homepage serves as a gateway to the main sections of the Al-Khafji Joint Opera-tions Website, which includes a profile of joint operations, operations, health and safety, environment, media center, employment and eServices.

Users are also connected directly to the ac-tivities of some of Al-Khafji Joint Operations Departments, such as the Contracts Depart-ment, where the site allows the registration of contractors to enable them to participate

in automated bidding and other electronic services.

In the new update, all technical precautions have been taken to achieve the highest level of safety of the website.

Site users can obtain printed copies of current and previous versions of Joint Operations bulletins stored on embedded programs, and can also print or resubmit them.

The update included a photo gallery full of historical images, historical and modern vid-eos that can be viewed, updated and expand-ed continuously to give users the greatest benefit.

In a comment to Public and Government Relations Department Manager Eng. Riyadh Al-Hassan said: «The Joint Operation’s con-tinuous development and diversity of its operations have led the team to update and develop the new site to make the visit to the official website more enjoyable and easy, bringing it to an advanced level that allows visitors to access at the same time a large amount of information displayed in a high technical way.

Al-Hassan added that this site, which was pre-

pared by Al-Khafji Joint Operations, includes keeping pace with the change that our region is currently experiencing.

Media Affairs Acting Superintendent Falah Al-Ajmi pointed out that the new site is based on a range of advanced programs that allow for expansion and development. The launch-ing of the new site is the nucleus that we will all develop after listening to the opinions of visitors› and their proposals in the coming months.

He said: «Going to the site that is currently be-ing presented supports the vision and mission of the future of Al-Khafji Joint Operations in the world of technology. Statistics show that the number of visitors to the Joint Opera-tions site is about 1,500 visitors per day and that they record about 150 applications per month. The site is expected to attract large numbers of visitors, which will provide a vivid picture of the technical progress achieved by Al-Khafji Joint Operations, while allowing visitors from around the world to access and learn about the works, projects and culture of Al-Khafji Joint Operations in their industrial, economic and social fields and activities.

On Wednesday, January 30, 2019, and in presence of Eng. Azeb Al-Qahtani–President and Chief Executive Officer, Aramco Gulf Business Operations held a cere-mony honoring and paying tribute to Tariq Al Mahfouz–Chief Financial Officer–on the occasion of the end of his term at Aramco Gulf Operations.

The ceremony was held at Al Jazira Guest House on Wednesday and was attended by members of the Ex-ecutive Management, a number of Aramco Gulf Opera-tions and Al Khafji Joint Operations personnel.

In his speech, Al-Qahtani expressed his sincere thanks and appreciation to Al-Mahfouz on behalf of the Ex-ecutive Management for his great efforts and achieve-ments over the seven years he spent at Aramco Gulf Operations.

Al-Mahfouz started his career at Aramco Gulf Opera-tions as aChief Financial Officer in November 2011 until the end of January 2018 and has made significant contributions during his tenure in the company›s busi-ness.

At the conclusion of the ceremony, Al-Qahtani pre-sented an appreciation gift to Al-Mahfouz, who ex-pressed his thanks and appreciation.

Aramco Gulf Operations Farewells Tariq Al-Mahfouz

Year 10 Vol.No: (109) February 2019Joint Operation News

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Consistent with the requirement of KJO’s Safety Management System, Executive Management Safety Review (EMSR) Team continued its effort of maintaining and promoting highest level of safety standards throughout KJO facilities by conducting the first EMSR for the year 2019. The review was conducted on 13th February 2019. The EMSR Team, consisting of Mr. Azeb M. Al-Qahtani (Chairman – Joint Opera-tions Committee), Mr. Mohammed R. Al-Khatib (Executive Director of Operations), Abdullah M. Al-Qahtani (Executive Director of Industrial Services), Mr. Sulaiman Malek (A/Executive Director of Human Resources), Mubarak Al Saeedi (A/Executive Director of Business) and the department heads and representatives of concerned departments, visited PCD & OND operations and facilities.

The individual groups checked and verified the departments’ compliance with the safety requirements for offices, Control room, and plants. Executive management’s presence in those areas provided opportunities for interaction with operations and maintenance crew primarily to discuss safety and operational issues that clearly showed company’s active leadership and interest in the personal safety of employees on top of promoting safe and efficient operation.

Following the tour, the Team headed for a presentation meeting at the Headquarter Conference Hall presented by ISD Loss Prevention Safety Engineer Nasser Al-Suena. The meeting started with a welcome note by Mr. Hassan M. Sahaim, Superintendent of Loss Prevention. This was followed by LPD Safety Engineer, Mr. Arnel Arcos pre-sentation of all KJO Safety Performance for the year of 2018 and first quarter of the year 2019 focusing on OND’s and PCD’s safety performances. A Safety training statistics for all KJO was highlighted followed by an open session of the findings and observations from all groups that included essential safety related issues requiring executive management’s urgent attention and direction.

In his closing remarks, Mr. Azeb M. Al-Qahtani, JOC Chairman conveyed his apprecia-tion and gratitude to the host departments and to the EMSR team for their active participation in ensuring that safety is given its primary place in KJO’s operation as envisioned in the company’s HSE vision, mission and policy.

At the end of the EMSR, ISD has concluded the EMSR session with a Safety Recog-nition Program. Mr. Azeb M. Qahtani has recognized the PCD for the outstanding safety performance among all KJO departments where a safety award was received by Mr. Kuhail Al-Otaibi (Manager of PCD). ISD has also recognized the best contrac-tor with an outstanding safety performance and award provided to JGC contractor received by JGC Project Manager. The last safety awards has been awarded to Mr. Ahmed Al Wazan, EDD HSE Engineer for his outstanding safety performance as a Safety Coordinator.

Executive Management Safety Review TeamVisits Onshore Production (OND)

and Project designs & Construction Offices & Facilities

Year 10 Vol.No: (109) February 2019 Joint Operation News

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In the presence of C-JOC Eng. Azeb Al-Qahtani and the Executive Directors, the Executive Di-rector of Industrial Services Abdullah bin Mufleh Al Qahtani honored the team of the Industrial Services Group. The group consists of four departments: the Public and Government Relations Department, the Community and Business Services Department, the Medical Services Depart-ment and the Industrial Security and Safety Department.

The ceremony was held on Wednesday 13 February 2019 at the Cultural Tent in the attendance of Executive Director of Operations Eng. Mohammad Al-Khatib, Acting Executive Director of Human Resources Eng. Sulaiman Malek, Acting Executive Director of Business Affairs Mubarak Al Saeedi, Public and Government Relations Department Manager Eng. Riyadh Al Hassan, Indus-trial Security and Safety Department Manager Sultan Al Sadoun, Medical Services Department Manager Dr. Saud Al-Theeb, Community and Business Services Department Manager Jibreen Al-Azmi, and the departments superintendents, supervisors and a number of departmental staff.

Mohammad Abdulrahim from the Public and Government Relations Department delivered a speech in which he welcomed the Chairman of the Operational Committee, the Executive Directors, the Managers and the attendees. He congratulated the honored and then invited the Executive Director of Industrial Services Abdullah Al Qahtani to address the occasion. He welcomed the Chairman of the Operational Committee and the attendees: This honoring is for your outstanding performance in your work, and for your sincere efforts, and for your excellent results, to achieve the goals according to your business plans and responsibilities.

The honorees were invited to receive their gifts from Eng. Azeb Al-Qahtani and Abdulla Al-Qahtani. The total number of employees was 84. This award came in the context of rewarding the employees for performance in 2018 and motivating them to make more efforts in 2019. After the employees were honored, Al-Qahtani honored the departmental managers which were Eng. Riyadh Al Hassan, Sultan Al Sadoun, Dr. Saud Al Theeb and Jibreen Al Azmi.

At the end of the ceremony, the Chairman of the Joint Operational Committee Eng. Azeb Al-Qahtani addressed the honored, and said in his speech: I would like to thank all those who are present at this ceremony and express their satisfaction and satisfaction with the achievements of the Industrial Services Group during this past year and to achieve more achievements in the new year.

Then everyone ate lunch prepared for this occasion in a wonderful family atmosphere, inter-spersed with friendly conversations.

In Presence of C-JOCThe Executive Director of Industrial Services

honors the group’s team

Year 10 Vol.No: (109) February 2019

Every day, 6,300 people die as a result of occupational accidents or work-related diseases – more than 2.3 million deaths per year. 317 million accidents occur on the job annually; many of these resulting in extended absences from work. The human cost of this daily adversity is vast and the economic burden of poor occupational safety and health practices is estimated at 4 per cent of global Gross Domestic Product each year.

The ILO’s campaign for the 2017 World Day for Safety and Health at Work focuses on the critical need for countries to improve their capacity to collect and utilize reliable occupational safety and health (OSH) data.The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted on September 25, 2015 encompasses a global plan of action with specific targets to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. With its adoption, the capacity to collect and utilize reliable OSH data has also become indispensable for countries to fulfil their commitment to implement and report on some of the agenda’s 17 sustainable development goals and their targets.

The World Day for Safety and Health at Work is an annual international campaign to promote safe, healthy and decent work. It is held on 28 April and has been observed by the International Labour Organization (ILO) since 2003.

A national occupational safety and health culture is one in which the right to a safe and healthy working environment is respected at all levels, where governments, employers and workers actively participate in securing a safe and healthy working environment through a system of defined rights, responsibilities and duties, and where the highest priority is accorded to the principle of prevention.

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Infrared radiation (IR), or infrared light, is a type of radiant energy that›s invisible to human eyes but that we can feel as heat. All objects in the universe emit some level of IR radiation, but two of the most obvious sources are the sun and fire.IR is a type of electromagnetic radiation, a continuum of frequencies produced when atoms absorb and then release energy. From highest to lowest frequency, electromagnetic radiation includes gamma-rays, X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves and radio waves. Together, these types of radiation make up the electromagnetic spectrum.British astronomer William Herschel discovered infrared light in 1800, according to NASA. In an experiment to measure the difference in temperature between the colors in the visible spectrum, he placed thermometers in the path of light within each color of the visible spectrum. He observed an increase in temperature from blue to red, and he found an even warmer temperature measurement just beyond the red end of the visible spectrum.Within the electromagnetic spectrum, infrared waves occur at frequencies above those of microwaves and just below those of red visible light, hence the name «infrared.» Waves of infrared radiation are longer than those of visible light, according to the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). IR frequencies range from about 3 gigahertz (GHz) up to about 400 terahertz (THz), and wavelengths are estimated to range between 1,000 micrometers (µm) and 760 nanometers (2.9921 inches), although these values are not definitive, according to NASA.Similar to the visible light

spectrum, which ranges from violet (the shortest visible-light wavelength) to red (longest wavelength), infrared radiation has its own range of wavelengths. The shorter «near-infrared» waves, which are closer to visible light on the electromagnetic spectrum, don›t emit any detectable heat and are what›s discharged from a TV remote control to change the channels. The longer «far-infrared» waves, which are closer to the microwave section on the electromagnetic spectrum, can be felt as intense heat, such as the heat from sunlight or fire, according to NASA.IR radiation is one of the three ways heat is transferred from one place to another, the other two being convection and conduction. Everything with a temperature above around 5 degrees Kelvin (minus 450 degrees Fahrenheit or minus 268 degrees Celsius) emits IR radiation. The sun gives off half of its total energy as IR, and much of the star›s visible light is absorbed and re-emitted as IR, according to the University of Tennessee.Household usesHousehold appliances such as heat lamps and toasters use IR radiation to transmit heat, as do industrial heaters such as those used for drying and curing materials. Incandescent bulbs convert only about 10 percent of their electrical energy input into visible light energy, while the other 90 percent is converted to infrared radiation, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.Infrared lasers can be used for point-to-point communications over distances of a few hundred meters or yards. TV remote controls that rely on infrared radiation shoot out pulses of IR energy from a light-emitting diode (LED) to an IR receiver in the TV, according to How Stuff Works.

The receiver converts the light pulses to electrical signals that instruct a microprocessor to carry out the programmed command.Infrared sensingOne of the most useful applications of the IR spectrum is in sensing and detection. All objects on Earth emit IR radiation in the form of heat. This can be detected by electronic sensors, such as those used in night vision goggles and infrared cameras.A simple example of such a sensor is the bolometer, which consists of a telescope with a temperature-sensitive resistor, or thermistor, at its focal point, according to the University of California, Berkeley (UCB). If a warm body comes into this instrument›s field of view, the heat causes a detectable change in the voltage across the thermistor.Night vision cameras use a more sophisticated version of a bolometer. These cameras typically contain charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging chips that are sensitive to IR light. The image formed by the CCD can then be reproduced in visible light. These systems can be made small enough to be used in hand-held devices or wearable night-vision goggles. The cameras can also be used for gun sights with or without the addition of an IR laser

for targeting.Infrared spectroscopy measures IR emissions from materials at specific wavelengths. The IR spectrum of a substance will show characteristic dips and peaks as photons (particles of light) are absorbed or emitted by electrons in molecules as the electrons transition between orbits, or energy levels. This spectroscopic information can then be used to identify substances and monitor chemical reactions.According to Robert Mayanovic, professor of physics at Missouri State University, infrared spectroscopy, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, is highly useful for numerous scientific applications. These include the study of molecular systems and 2D materials, such as graphene.Infrared astronomyCaltech describes infrared astronomy as «the detection and study of the infrared radiation (heat energy) emitted from objects in the universe.» Advances in IR CCD imaging systems have allowed for detailed observation of the distribution of IR sources in space, revealing complex structures in nebulas, galaxies and the large-scale structure of the universe.

DORRAINewsletter6

Panorama

The Best Type of Exercise to Burn Fat

What Is Infrared?

A few minutes of brief, intense exercise may be as effective as much lengthier walks or other moderate workouts for incinerating body fat, according to a helpful new review of the effects of exercise on fat loss. The review finds that super-short intervals could even, in some cases, burn more fat than a long walk or jog, but the effort involved needs to be arduous.I have written many times about the health, fitness and brevity benefits of high-intensity interval training, which typically involves a few minutes — or even seconds — of strenuous exertion followed by a period of rest, with the sequence repeated multiple times. Most H.I.I.T. workouts require less than half an hour, from beginning to end (including a warm-up and cool-down), and the strenuous portions of the workout are even briefer.But despite this concision, studies show that interval workouts can improve aerobic fitness,

blood sugar control, blood pressure and other measures of health and fitness to the same or a greater extent than standard endurance training, such as brisk

walking or jogging, even if it lasts two or three times as long.People being people, though, the most common question I hear about quickie intervals and have asked, on my own behalf, is whether they also will aid in weight control and fat loss.Only a few past studies have directly compared the fat-burning effects of endurance training to those of short interval workouts, however, and their results have been inconsistent. Some

Year 10 Vol.No: (109) February 2019 Joint Operation News

| Environment |

DORRAINewsletter 7

Panorama

Top 7 science anniversaries to celebrate in 2019

indicate that intervals prompt significant fat loss and others that any losses are negligible when compared to the effects of endurance training.But those studies have almost all been small and short-term. They also used many different approaches to interval and endurance exercise, making the findings difficult to interpret.So, for the new review, which was published in January in The British Journal of Sports Medicine, researchers from Brazil and Britain decided to pull together as much data as possible from all of the existing, high-quality studies looking at intervals and body fat.Scrolling through medical library databases, they eventually found 36 studies that involved randomized experiments — not surveys or other epidemiological data — comparing the effects of endurance training to those from interval workouts. The experiments had to have lasted at least a month and included body-composition measurements at the start and finish, even if changes to body fat had not been the primary focus of the study. (And in most of these experiments, they were not.)

Then the researchers pooled numbers from the studies, giving them a total of more than 1,000 participants, young and old, male and female.The moderate-exercise routines used in the studies varied considerably, with some involving walking and others jogging, cycling or swimming. In general, the endurance-style workouts lasted for about 40 minutes.The interval sessions likewise differed from one study to the next, but most involved intervals lasting for a few minutes at a time, at a pace just below all-out effort, which is typical of H.I.I.T. Others required a few seconds of absolutely all-out exertion, an approach the researchers dubbed sprint-interval training, or S.I.T.Then the researchers simply compared fat loss after the different exercise programs.The results should be encouraging for anyone who exercises. Both moderate training and intervals, of all types, led to reductions in body fat, the researchers found. These reductions were absolute, meaning that people shed some of their actual fat mass, and also relative, meaning that they lowered the

percentage of their body mass that was fat.The changes also for the most part occurred whether or not people lost a noticeable amount of overall weight, suggesting that they might be losing fat while gaining muscle.Perhaps most important for people drawn to quickie exercise, interval training, especially S.I.T. workouts, often burned more fat, in absolute terms, than prolonged, moderate exercise, with interval trainers dropping an average of about 3.5 pounds of fat during most studies, versus about 2.5 pounds for moderate exercisers.It is worth noting that this is a one-pound difference, which in real-world terms is almost negligible.In fact, the primary takeaway of the review could be that, “due to the similarity of outcomes, there can be flexibility in choice of exercise approach,” for anyone hoping to trim fat, says James Steele, an associate professor of sport and exercise science at Solent University in Southampton, England, who conducted the review with colleagues from the Federal University of Goiás in Brazil and other institutions.

Identifying anniversaries to celebrate is not exactly the most pressing issue facing the scientific community these days.There’s much more important stuff. Like articulating the seriousness of climate change and searching for new knowledge that will aid in combatting it. Or coping with sexual harassment and discrimination. Or securing reliable funding from a nonfunctioning government. Not to mention figuring out what dark matter is.Still, maintaining sanity requires occasional diversion from all the sources of darkness, despair and despondency. In bleak days it sometimes helps to recall happier moments and reflect on some of science’s great accomplishments and the scientists responsible for them. Fortunately 2019 offers numerous opportunities for celebration, many more than can fit in a Top 10. So don’t be dismayed if your favorite isn’t listed (such as J. Presper Eckert’s centennial, John Couch Adams’ or Jean Foucault’s 200th birthday or Caroline Furness’ 150th).7. Magellan’s circumnavigation of the globe, 500th anniversaryOn September 20, 1519, Ferdinand Magellan set sail from southern Spain with five ships on a transoceanic trek that would require three years to circumnavigate the globe. But Magellan made it only halfway, killed in a skirmish in the Philippines. Still, the voyage retains his name, although some modern sources prefer to call it the Magellan-Elcano expedition to include Juan Sebastián Elcano, commander of the Victoria, the only ship of the original five to make it back to Spain. Historian Samuel Eliot Morison noted that Elcano “finished the navigation, but he was only carrying out Magellan’s plan.”Among the great navigators of the Age of Discovery, Morison opined, “Magellan stands supreme,” and because of his contributions to navigation and geography, “the scientific value of this voyage is beyond doubt.” Although it certainly wasn’t necessary to sail around the Earth to prove that it was round, circumnavigating the globe for the first time surely qualifies as a significant human achievement, even if ranking slightly behind going to the moon.6. Moon landing, 50th anniversaryApollo 11 was mainly a symbolic (though technically difficult) achievement, but nevertheless scientifically significant. Besides boosting the science of lunar geology by bringing back moon rocks, the Apollo astronauts deployed experiments to measure moonquakes (thereby learning more about the moon’s interior), studied the lunar soils and the solar wind, and left behind a mirror as a target for Earth-based lasers to measure the distance to the moon with high precision. (Later Apollo missions deployed more extensive experiments as well.)But even more than providing new scientific results, the Apollo mission represented a celebration of past scientific achievements — the understanding of the laws of motion and gravity and chemistry and propulsion (not to mention electromagnetic communication) —accumulated by earlier scientists who had no idea that their work would someday make Neil Armstrong famous.5. Alexander von Humboldt, 250th birthdayBorn in Berlin on September 14, 1769, von Humboldt was perhaps the 19th century’s best candidate for the designation of Renaissance man. Not only a geographer, geologist, botanist and engineer, he was also a world-

class explorer and one the most important writers of popular science of his century. With the botanist Aimé Bonpland, von Humboldt spent five years scouring South America and Mexico for new plants while also recording 23 volumes’ worth of observations on geology and minerals, meteorology and climate, and other geophysical data. He was both a deep and broad thinker, composing a five-volume work called Cosmos that essentially conveyed the totality of modern (as it was then) science to the general public. And he was also one of science’s leading humanitarians, arguing vigorously in opposition to slavery, racism and anti-Semitism. 4. Thomas Young’s paper on measurement error, bicentennialAn Englishman famous for an experiment showing the wave nature of light, Young was also a physician and linguist. This year’s anniversary celebration recognizes one of his more obscure papers, published two centuries ago (January 1819), on the math related to the probability of errors in scientific measurements. He commented on the use of probability theory to express the reliability of experimental results in “a numerical form.” He found it interesting to show why “the combination of a multitude of independent sources of error” has a natural tendency “to diminish the aggregate variation of their joint effect.” In other words, if you make a lot of measurements, the size of the probable error of your result will be smaller than if you make just one measurement. And math can be applied to estimate the probable size of the error.Young warned, though, that such methods could be misused: “This calculation has sometimes vainly endeavoured to substitute arithmetic for common sense,” he pointed out. It’s necessary to guard against any “constant causes of errors” (now known as “systematic errors”) in addition to random error. And he noted that it is “very seldom safe to rely on the total absence of such causes,” especially when the “observations are made by any one instrument, or even by any one observer.” Trust in math without concern for such considerations, he warned, could lead to erroneous conclusions: “For want of considering this necessary condition, the results of many elegant and refined investigations, relating to the probabilities of error, may in the end be found perfectly nugatory.” So there.3. Johannes Kepler’s Harmonices Mundi, 400th anniversaryKepler, one of the greatest physicist-astronomers of the 17th century, attempted to reconcile the ancient idea of the harmony of the spheres with the modern astronomy that he had helped to establish. The original idea, attributed to the Greek philosopher-mathematician Pythagoras, was that spheres carrying the heavenly bodies around the Earth generated

a musical harmony. Apparently nobody heard this music because, some Pythagoreans contended, it was present at birth and so was unnoticed background noise.Kepler believed

the construction of the universe, with the sun rather than Earth at its center, observed harmonious mathematical ratios. He had long sought to explain the architecture of the solar system as corresponding to nested geometrical solids, thereby prescribing the distances separating the (elliptical) planetary orbits. In Harmonices Mundi (Harmony of the World), published in 1619, he admitted that solids alone could not accurately account for the details of planetary orbits — additional principles were needed. Most of his book is no longer relevant to astronomy, but its lasting contribution was Kepler’s third law of planetary motion, which showed the mathematical relationship between a planet’s distance from the sun and the time the planet takes to complete one orbit.2. Eclipse expedition validates Einstein, centennialAlbert Einstein’s general theory of relativity, completed in 1915, predicted that light from a distant star passing near the sun would be bent by the sun’s gravity, altering the apparent position of the star in the sky. Newtonian physics could explain some such bending, but only half as much as Einstein had calculated. Observing such light seemed like a good way to test Einstein’s theory, except for the slight problem that you can’t see stars at all when the sun is in the sky. Both Newtonian and Einsteinian physics agreed, though, on when the next solar eclipse would be, making stars near the edge of the sun briefly visible.British astrophysicist Arthur Eddington led an expedition to observe an eclipse from an island off the coast of West Africa in May 1919. Eddington found that deviations for some stars from their previously recorded location matched general relativity’s forecast close enough to declare Einstein the winner. Apart from making Einstein famous, the result didn’t matter much at the time (apart from encouraging general relativity’s use in theorizing about cosmology). But general relativity became a big deal decades later, when it was needed to explain new astrophysical phenomena and also to make it possible for GPS devices to be accurate enough to do away with road maps.1. Periodic Table! Sesquicentennial!Dmitrii Mendeleev was not the first chemist to notice that several groups of elements had similar properties. But in 1869 he identified a guiding principle for classifying the elements: If you list them in order of increasing atomic weight, elements with similar properties recur at regular (periodic) intervals. Using this insight he created the first periodic table of the elements, one of the grandest accomplishments in the history of chemistry. Many of science’s great achievements appeared in the form of inscrutable mathematical formulas, or required elaborate experiments requiring intuitive genius, great manual dexterity, enormous cost or complex technology.But the periodic table is a wall chart. It allows anybody to grasp at a glance the foundations of an entire scientific discipline. Mendeleev’s table has often been reconstructed, and its guiding rule is now atomic number rather than atomic weight. But it remains the most versatile consolidation of profound scientific information ever constructed — an iconic representation of all the types of matter from which earthly substances are made. And you can find it not only on classroom walls, but also on ties, T-shirts and coffee mugs. Someday maybe it will decorate the walls of a chemistry-themed restaurant — called The Periodic Tables.

Year 10 Vol.No: (109) February 2019Last Page

| Technology |

Out with the 488 GTB, in with the F8 Tributo. Ferrari is justifiably proud of its powerful 3.9-liter twin-turbo V8 engine, so it has busted out its favorite infinity background photo studio to introduce its latest supercar ahead of a public debut in Geneva next weekend.The vented engine cover will be one of the F8 Tributo›s signature design elementsThe fully redesigned interior leaves little doubt about this car›s intentions to be driven hardAn aerodynamic reworking of the 488 GTB shape, using elements from the 488 PistaWelcome back, twin round tail lights!If the photos of this F8 Tributo look familiar, you›ve been paying attention. Where most brands agonize over photoshoot locations for each new vehicle, Ferrari has been using this particular grey-carpet-with-dramatic-sky backdrop for the last six years or more. We first spotted it in 2013 with the 458 Speciale, but since then it›s been used for everything from the California T, the 458 Speciale A Spider and the Portofino, to the 812 Superfast, F12 Special Edition, and all manner of others.This background was there when the 488 GTB replaced the 458, bowing to emissions regulations and giving up its full-throated naturally aspirated V8 for a twin turbo, so now it can claim to have ushered in three generations of mid-

rear engined Ferrari supercars. We look forward to seeing it right up until Ferrari releases its final product in 2055: a V8 carbon fiber walking frame for the last surviving people with driver›s licenses.The S-Duct vented hood looks terrific. The whole car looks terrific.As to the F8 Tributo, it looks ... Well, frankly, almost exactly like its predecessor despite the fact that Ferrari calls this «a bridge to a new design language.» The overall body shape has remained all but identical, while each detail has been tweaked just enough to call it a different car. It›s like the designers hit randomize on all the bolt-ons. The key visual difference to the casual fan will be the scoopier hood, heavily reminiscent of the «S-Duct» on the 488 Pista track special. Hey, nice studio backdrop you›ve got there guys! The vented Lexan engine cover will also be distinctive, a nod to the F40. None of this is necessarily bad – like the 488 GTB before it, it looks terrific.There›s more to it, of course; that S-duct alone boosts the car›s downforce by some 15 percent at speed, and the lack of blingy LED «eyelashes» on the

headlights has allowed Ferrari to use that space for extra cooling air ducts to the wheel arches, which will help the Tributo›s brakes stay within their favored temperature zone. Spoiler alert: there›s a spoiler. Not a very big one, but made more effective using a «blown spoiler» design like that on the 488 Spider (sweet background!). The rear flanks of the car hide the engine air intakes beneath the tail lights.The vented engine cover will be one of the F8 Tributo›s signature design elementsBetter braking is necessitated by more power and speed, and it wouldn›t be a supercar launch without those. The F8 Tributo (which I keep misreading as tri-turbo) gains 49 horsepower for a total of 710 ponies – an admirable achievement out of a 3.9-liter engine and the most powerful V8 Ferrari has ever built. The company claims that even though its exhaust gases are being forced through two turbines, there›s still an «evocative soundtrack.»Expect performance in the realm of 2.9 second sprints from 0100-kmh (0-62 mph). That›s no joke for something without electric help. Top speed, should you find enough road and grim determination to go looking for it, will be 340 km/h, or 211 mph. Those are lovely numbers to quote to your friends at the shrimp bar after you›ve just idled it down Hollywood Boulevard in traffic.

Russia is planning to disconnect itself from the internet as part of a planned experiment designed to protect the country from state-backed cyber attacks.Internet service providers in the country are working with the Russian government in preparation for the test, which comes in response to a proposed new law that will see all internet traffic pass through Russian servers.When it is passed, the Digital Economy National Program leg-islation requires the local internet, known as the Runet, to pass through exchange points managed by Russia’s telecommunica-tions regulator Roskomnazor. The test will see the Runet separated from the wider internet for a short period of time at some point before 1 April, accord-ing to local news agency RosBiznesKonsalting (RBK).Once in force, the Digital Economy National Program will si-multaneously protect Russia in the event of cyber war, while also filtering internet traffic to the country in a similar way to the ‘Great Firewall of China’.The idea of cutting Russia off from the broader internet was first proposed in 2014, after the Security Council of Russia warned of the risks of relying on other countries to provide essential parts of the country’s internet infrastructure.By creating a self-contained system, the bill’s authors claim Russia will be immune from having its internet severed as a result of a cyber attack.Russia has consistently been accused of being behind cyber attacks on Western countries, with the UK National Cyber Security Centre identifying a campaign in October that was al-legedly carried out by the Russian military intelligence service GRU.In response, the UK joined previous calls by Nato to take an “offensive defence” against Russian-backed cyber attacks. “These cyber attacks serve no legitimate national security in-terest, instead impacting the ability of people around the world to go about their daily lives free from interference, and even their ability to enjoy sport,” UK Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt said at the time.“Our message is clear: together with our allies, we will expose and respond to the GRU’s attempts to undermine interna-tional stability.”Certain elements of the partial black out remain unresolved, according to former Kaspersky CEO Natalya Kasperskaya, who sits on the Information Security Working Group who agreed the legislation.Issues that remain unresolved include the extent of the impact that the test will have on Russian citizens, businesses and gov-ernment agencies.

Ferrari announces new F8 Tributo, its most powerful V8 supercar ever

احمد السعدي يتراس اجتماع ملندوبي الدواير بعد جوله تفقد اجرا السالمه ٢٠٤

RUSSIA PLANS TO BRIEFLY DISCONNECT FROM THE INTERNET

TO SEE WHAT HAPPENS

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www.independent.co.uk

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