Year 10 Child Development

Lesson 7 ~

Reproduction

Lesson Objectives

• During this lesson you will understand the structure and function of the male and female reproductive organ

• During this lesson you will learn about the menstrual cycle and the functions of hormones

• During this lesson you will understand how fertilisation and conception occurs and the development of the embryo and foetus.

• During this lesson you will understand the baby’s support system including the placenta, amniotic sac and fluid, cervix, umbilical cord and uterus.

Reproduction

The following video clip describes reproduction, hormones, puberty, development of the foetus and the babies support system.

The video clip will last approx 20 minutes, please take notes as this will assist you throughout the rest of this topic.

Draw and label the diagram, writing an explanation to the function of each part.

The female reproductive organ

Funnel Ovum

The Menstrual Cycle The function of the menstrual cycle is to release an egg and prepare the uterus to receive it if it’s fertilised. The cycle can vary enormously from person to person and month to month due to factors such as stress, diet, health, age, etc.

The male reproductive organ

Seminal Vesicle

EpididymusForeskin

Producing and releasing sperm

• Sperm is produced by the testes and stored in the epididymis.

• At ejaculation, sperm is released and rushes through the ducts.

• As it passes along the tube, the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles release seminal fluid, which nourishes the sperm

• The mixture of sperm and seminal fluid is a milky white fluid called semen

Producing and releasing sperm

• Sperm is produced by the _______ and stored in the epididymis.

• At ejaculation, _____ is released and rushes through the ducts.

• As it passes along the tube, the prostate gland and the seminal _______ release seminal fluid, which nourishes the sperm

• The mixture of sperm and seminal fluid is a milky white fluid called _______.

semen, sperm, testes, vesicles,

testes

sperm

vesicles

semen

Hormones

• The period of change from childhood to adulthood is called puberty.

• During puberty hormones (chemical messengers) are produced from endocrine glands whose job it is to signal changes within the body that transform a person from a child to an adult.

• The hormone that triggers the male sex organs is testosterone.

• The hormone that triggers a female sex organ is oestrogen.

• Progesterone works in conjunction with oestrogen to control the menstrual cycle. It is also the pregnancy hormone.

Male or Female?

Reproductive System

Conception

• In order to become pregnant an egg must be fertilised by sperm.

• When sperm is ejaculated from the penis it swims towards the cervix, through the fallopian tube until they meet an egg.

• The sperm then fertilises the egg (CONCEPTION)

Ovulation and Fertilisation

• In the female, one of the ovaries produces an egg every 28 days. This is called ovulation.

• During sexual intercourse millions of sperm are ejaculated into the vagina.

• If a sperm meets the egg, the sperm’s nucleus can join with the egg’s nucleus.

• This fusing of the nuclei is called fertilization.

Conception

Task:

Explain conception using diagrams and labels. Use page 13 to help you

Task

• Explain conception using diagrams and labels. Use page 13 (Judi Sunderland) to help you

Conception explained

• http://www.howstuffworks.com/pregnancy.htm/printable

• Click on the link and watch the video ~ ultimate guide to pregnancy: month one

Length of Pregnancy

• Pregnancy is divided in to three trimesters

• 1-3 months

• 4-6 months

• 7-9 months

A 6 weeks…..

• There is initial development of legs, brain, spine, internal organs, blood, bone, muscles, ears and eye's

• The embryo’s heart is beating

• The actual size is 4-6mm (size of a grain of rice)

At 8 weeks

• The foetus looks more human

• The arms, legs, shoulders, ears and eyes can be seen

• The foetus moves in the amniotic sac

• The heartbeat is visible on a scan

• The foetus is approximately 2.2 com long

At 12 weeks the foetus…..

• Is fully formed• Swims by kicking• Can swallow, clench

fist, hiccup, suck it’s thumb

• Has well developed sex organs

• Is sensitive to light, heat and sound

• Has it’s eye’s closed • Length is about 6cm

Your first photograph was probably taken when you were10-12 weeks old.

You already looked human and you were about to start gaining mass faster than you ever will again.

Your first photo?

Your head diameter was measured to check your age and make sure you were growing properly.

At 24 weeks…….

• Weighs approx 700g (1.5lb)

• Has hair, wrinkled skin, fingernails and fingerprints

• Is covered with vernix (a white greasy substance, which protects the skin and keeps it waterproof) and languo ( fine hair that keeps it warm

• Is active, with definite periods of waking and sleeping

After 24 weeks ……

• The baby grows and gets stronger

• If it was born it would now be viable (have a reasonable chance of surviving)

• This is because it’s development, except for the lungs, is complete

• If it was born now it would need special care in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) or special care baby unit (SCBU)

By 32-36 weeks……..

• The baby is usually lying head downwards.

• This is called the cephalic (foetal) position

Ready to be born 38-40 weeks

• http://www.howstuffworks.com/pregnancy.htm/printable

• Click on the link and scroll down the page to watch the short video on preparing for birth

The babies support system

• Find out what each of the following are and do for the baby, use the next slide to help you draw out the diagram

Uterus wall

Amniotic sac

Cervical mucus

cervix

Amniotic fluid

Umbilical cord

Placenta

Draw out the diagram and explain what each one is/for

Home work

• Design a fact sheet that instructs a year 7 child about puberty. Give advice on periods, what to expect, what can be used, activities that you may still do. Etc

• Include a problem page.