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Early villages

1. In the countryside, some people live in _____________________.2. But many live in a __________________________________.3. Most villages are too ______________.Where did the first people lived?

1. Many of todays villages have been in existence for ________________________.2. That is because early people chose very carefully where to put the __________________________.3. Everyone needs ___________________________________ and somewhere safe to _______________.4. The earliest people roamed the country ___________________ for their meat and skins and wild fruits

and seeds to eat.

5. They lived in ______________________ because they had to keep moving in search of food.6. Later, during what we called the ______________________, people became farmers by planting

____________ and ______________________.

Where were early villages built?

1. The villages were built near _____________________________________ so people could obtain water.2. There had to be good ____________ in the area so that the people could _________________ and

______________ for their animals.

3. The village site also had to be somewhere sheltered and away from ________________________.4. Many fishing villages grew up on the coast where there were ________________________.5. Other villages grew up near materials that could be ____________________________.

Changing villages

1. ___________________ could grow and improve so that people could _____________ with people in othervillages.

Rosedale Abbey village

2. People have lived in rosedale, since ________________________.3. An ____________ was built in the 12th century.4. __________________ were found in the surrounding hills.5. ______________ from a nearby monastery produced small quantities of iron from the ore until 1539.

Mining the ore

1. In ______________, people began to mine large quantities of the iron ore.2. Soon the population grew to ________________.3. Many travelled to work at the _______________, while some ______________________________.4. At first, ______________ and ______________ transported the ore.5. Later, _________________ were built to take the iron to _____________________.

The declining village

1.

For the next ___________________, Rosedale Abbey was a hive industry.2. After ________________________________, the demand for iron grew lesser and railways closed in the

________________.

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How a village grows

1. Bradford is a large city in ___________________________.2. It has population about ________________.3. But in Saxon times, it was a ______________ village.4. It was then called _________________, because it was where the local rivers could be crossed on foot.

Bradford becomes a town

1. By the Middle Ages, Bradford had grown into a _________________.2. Most of the farmers _____________________, and local people spun and wove the wool into

______________ in their homes.

3. When people began to build factories for making __________________________, about 250 years ago,Bradford was a good place to put them.

4. It had plenty of wool, and fast flowing rivers to turn __________________ that powered the weavingmachine.

5. There were ____________ nearby to produce coal to heat the boilers, as well as the water to make steam.The coming of railway

1. The railway linked Bradford and the other parts of _________________.2. The town grew as people came from all over the ______________________ to work in the woollen mills.3. By 1850, Bradford was the centre of _________________________________ and the town grew rich.4. Many fine _________________ were put in the town centre, and thousands of small back-to-back terrace

houses were built for ______________________.

5. Bradford became a ______________ in 1897.Changing needs

1. During the second half of the 20th century, things changed.2. Cloth could be made more ________________ in other parts of the world.3. There was less demand for woollen cloth, so factories ______________________.4. Then new ____________________ grew up.5. They included engineering and ______________ works, as well as banking and _________________.6. The old back-to-back houses has been _____________ away, and some old ________________________

have been turned into offices, flats and museums.

7. People no longer lived in the centre of the _____________.8. New housing estates are being built on the _______________________________________.9. The city is linked by _________________.10. It shares a modern airport with neighbouring city of _________________.

India

1. India is the ____________ largest country.2. It has the _____________________ number of people, after China.3. The population of India is about ________________.

Rich resources

1. The Deccan plateau has _________________ and _____________________.2. It is also rich in ___________, iron ____________ and bauxite.3. Most of the population lives on the __________________.4. The Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, and tributaries of the ________________ river flow across the plains.

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5. Many of the great cities of India, including the capital, __________________ are on the Northern Plains.Languages

1. Between them, the people of India speak ________ main languages and hundred other languages.2. Children often speak _________ language at home and learn two more at school.

Seasons

1. In most of India there are _____________ seasons in the year.2. From _______________________, cold winds blow south from Himalayas.3. These bring cool, dry condition to all parts of the country except for the far _____________ and

____________.

4. There it is _________ and ___________.5. In spring, ________________________, the wind changes direction.6. Much of India has little or no _____________.7. It gets hotter and hotter until finally the ________________ rain comes.8. Warm, wet winds sweep in form the ____________________ in June or early July.9. It usually rains heavily for the next ________ months.10. If the monsoon rain doesnt arrive, there is _______________ and ________________. 11. In October and November, the winds change direction again and ________________ returns, sometimes

with violent tropical _________________.

Country life in India

1. About three-quarters of the people live in the ________________.2. Many of them are ___________ who own their own land.3. Others rent their land and pay the landlord either _______________ or with pat of their _____________.4. Some people have no land of their own but work for __________ at busy times.

What do farmers grow?

1. In the Northern Plains, where the winters are cool, ____________ is the main crop.2. Wheat flour are used to make _____________ or ___________ baked in a clay oven over charcoal.3. Two more cereal crops- _______________________________ are grown in India, as well as large variety of

vegetables.

4. India is one of the worlds largest producers of ________________________________________________________________________ and cotton and jute for _________________.

Modernizing farming

1. India has huge areas farmland, but much is not very _____________ and vast areas are too _________ togrow good crops.

2. The government has done a lot to modernize _____________ methods.3. __________________ has brought water to some of the dry areas.4. New types of seeds and ______________ have produced bigger harvest.

The country way of life

1. Most farms are too small for ________________________ to be used and so they can produce only enoughfor one family.

2. Instead of __________________, cows and bullocks drag the ______________ and pull ___________ tomarket.

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3. The cows milk, and the ____________, _____________ and ______________ made from it, are importantfoods.

4. The cow is a holy animal to ______________ people and cannot be killed.5. In many Indians villages the way of life has not changed much in ___________________.6. People light their homes with ____________________ and burn ___________ or ______________ in their

cooking stoves.

7. As India becomes richer, however, more villages are obtaining _________________________ and________________.

Life in an Indian city

1. Kolkata is the ___________ largest city in India (after ___________) and a great _____________.2. Kolkata began life as a small settlement by _______________ River in the days when ______________ ruled

India.

3. The city grew rapidly as a result of trade in ____________,____________,____________ called indigo andlater ______________ and _____________.

4. After India became independent from ______________ in 1947, millions of ________________ poured intothe city from what is now the country of ________________.

The city today

1. Today, ___________ is still produced in Kolkata and exported from the port, as well as rice, tea, textiles,chemicals and paper.

2. The city has become the most ______________ city in India, with almost _____ million people.3. Kolkata has an _______________ two __________________, and a well developed ____________________,

as well as may factories, large and small.

4. It also has grand and beautiful public ________________ and houses where the rich people ___________.5. But there also many poor people who live in ________________________.

Shanty towns

1. Many people who could not earn a living moved to _______________ in search of work.2. They live in __________ houses or ___________, made from scrap pieces of wood, plastic and metal.3. Few houses in Kolkata have __________________________.4. In the shanty towns up to 125 families may have to obtain water from a single _______ or ____________ in

the street.

5. The women and children often queue for hours for _____________.6. In the shanty towns, the children have to work form a very _____________ age.7. Many of them work in _________________, although it is against the law.8. Some do odd jobs for money, or _____________.9. Large numbers of people look for thing to _________________ or _____________ in the rubbish on the

outskirts of Kolkata.