xx oct 2011 japan automobile research institute 1 study on cycle modification ~ reflect validation...
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1
XX OCT 2011
Japan Automobile Research Institute
Study on cycle modification~ Reflect validation test 1 result ~
10th DHC sub-group meetingunder GRPE/WLTP informal group
11-12 October 2011Brussels, Belgium
Prepared by Japan
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XX OCT 2011
Japan Automobile Research Institute
Table of contents
1. Overview of Validation test 1 result
2. Proposal for Modification parts
3. Viewpoints of Modification
4. Proposal for WLTC v2 revised
5. Influence for X2 value
6. Justifications5.1. Review acceleration
5.2. Review deceleration
5.3. Review minimum speed
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Japan Automobile Research Institute
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800Time (s)
Spe
ed (
km/h
)
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Acc
eler
atio
n (k
m/h
/s)
1.1. Overview of Validation test 1 result
can not follow the target speed during acceleration parts
can not trace the target speed during deceleration parts
have adverse influence on drivability / reproducibility
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Japan Automobile Research Institute
1.2. Potential area need to be modified
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Speed (km/h)
Acc
eler
atio
n (k
m/h
/s)
Low
Middle
High
Extra-high
There are possibility that some vehicles can not trace the target, due to tire lock, shortage of brake power of rear wheel.
There are possibility that low/middle powered vehicles can not follow the target
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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450Time (s)
Spe
ed (
km/h
)
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Acc
eler
atio
n (k
m/h
/s)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
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450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900Time (s)
Spe
ed (
km/h
)
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Acc
eler
atio
n (k
m/h
/s)
2.1. Proposal for modification parts
1. delete creep drive
2. increase vehicle speed
3. increase vehicle speed (parallel translation)
4. replace short trips according to JRC proposal
5. reduce deceleration 6. reduce deceleration
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Japan Automobile Research Institute
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350Time (s)
Spe
ed (
km/h
)
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Acc
eler
atio
n (k
m/h
/s)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800Time (s)
Spe
ed (
km/h
)
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Acc
eler
atio
n (k
m/h
/s)
2.2. Proposal for modification parts
7. reduce deceleration
8. reduce deceleration
11. reduce low deceleration
12. increase vehicle speed (parallel translation)
13. reduce acceleration
14.15.16. reduce deceleration
17. reduce acceleration
18. replace acc. portion
19. reduce deceleration
22. reduce deceleration
20. reduce deceleration
9. increase vehicle speed (parallel translation)
10. reduce deceleration
21. smooth dec.
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Japan Automobile Research Institute
2.3. List of proposed modification parts
# Time Modification
1 90 – 99 delete creep portion
2 145 – 155 delete deceleration portion during low speed part
3 189 – 204 parallel translation to be minimum speed of 6.2 km/h
4 512 – 566 replaced ST4 and ST5 based on JRC
5 661 – 664 reduce deceleration
6 761 – 763 reduce deceleration
7 974 – 978 reduce deceleration
8 1057 – 1060 reduce deceleration
9 1061 – 1064 parallel translation to be minimum speed of 6.2 km/h
10 1127 -1128 reduce deceleration
11 1148 -1149 reduce deceleration
12 1150 -1156 parallel translation to be minimum speed of 6.2 km/h
13 1157 – 1171 reduce acceleration
14 1378 -1381 reduce deceleration
15 1405 – 1406 reduce deceleration
16 1433 – 1434 reduce deceleration
17 1493 – 1500 reduce acceleration
18 1520 – 1552 replace acceleration phase
19 1520 – 1552 reduce deceleration
20 1720 - 1722 reduce deceleration
21 1773, 1776 smooth deceleration
22 1780 - 1783 reduce deceleration
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Japan Automobile Research Institute
3. Viewpoints of Modification
Acceleration Review acceleration portions based on comments from the participa
nt laboratories Set maximum acceleration ratio 95 percentiles of cumulative frequen
cy in each speed range Ex-HIGH: replace high acceleration part (65 - 130km/h) by alternative ac
celeration part from in-use database which match the 95 percentiles
Deceleration To avoid tire lock and/or shortage of brake power, set maximum dec
eleration to appropriate value (- 5.31 km/h/s)
Drivability / reproducibility Because Low speed portion (e.g. creep drive) have an adverse influ
ence on drivability and reproducibility, minimum speed should be set to Vidle on 1st gear
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0
20
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0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225Time (s)
Spe
ed (
km/h
)
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Acc
eler
atio
n (k
m/h
/s)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450Time (s)
Spe
ed (
km/h
)
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Acc
eler
atio
n (k
m/h
/s)
4.1. Proposal for modification
1. delete creep drive 3. increase vehicle speed (parallel translation)
2. increase vehicle speed (delete deceleration portion)
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Japan Automobile Research Institute
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
450 475 500 525 550 575 600 625 650 675Time (s)
Spe
ed (
km/h
)
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Acc
eler
atio
n (k
m/h
/s)
4.2. Proposal for modification
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
675 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900Time (s)
Spe
ed (
km/h
)
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Acc
eler
atio
n (k
m/h
/s)
4. replace short trips according to JRC proposal
5. reduce deceleration
6. reduce deceleration
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Japan Automobile Research Institute
4.3. Proposal for modification
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
900 925 950 975 1000 1025 1050 1075 1100 1125Time (s)
Spe
ed (
km/h
)
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Acc
eler
atio
n (k
m/h
/s)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1125 1150 1175 1200 1225 1250 1275 1300 1325 1350Time (s)
Spe
ed (
km/h
)
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Acc
eler
atio
n (k
m/h
/s)
7. reduce deceleration
8. reduce deceleration
10. become low deceleration
9. increase vehicle speed (parallel translation)
11. reduce deceleration
12. increase vehicle speed (parallel translation)
13. reduce acceleration
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0
20
40
60
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120
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1350 1375 1400 1425 1450 1475 1500 1525 1550 1575Time (s)
Spe
ed (
km/h
)
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Acc
eler
atio
n (k
m/h
/s)
4.4. Proposal for modification
0
20
40
60
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120
140
160
1575 1600 1625 1650 1675 1700 1725 1750 1775 1800Time (s)
Spe
ed (
km/h
)
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Acc
eler
atio
n (k
m/h
/s)
14.15.16. reduce deceleration
17. reduce acceleration
18. replace acceleration portion
19. reduce deceleration
22. reduce deceleration
20. reduce deceleration
21. smooth deceleration
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Japan Automobile Research Institute
4.5. VA distribution of WLTC v2
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Speed (km/h)
Acc
eler
atio
n (k
m/h
/s)
Low
Middle
High
Extra-high
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Japan Automobile Research Institute
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Speed (km/h)
Acc
eler
atio
n (k
m/h
/s)
Low rev
Middle rev
High rev
Extra-high rev
4.6. VA distribution of WLTC v2 rev.
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Japan Automobile Research Institute
Phase CycleCycle
durationDriving
distanceAveragespeed
Max.speed
Max.accelerati
on
Max.Decelerati
onRPA
Acceleration ratio
Deceleration ratio
Cruiseratio
Idlingratio
Chi-squared
value
- - s km km/h km/h km/h/s km/h/s m/s2 % % % % -
Unified - - 19.8 60.0 - - 0.192 27.5 25.4 22.7 24.5 -
WLTC v2 589 3.0 18.2 50.9 5.3 -5.3 0.165 26.1 27.8 19.7 26.3 0.248
WLTC v2 rev. 589 3.0 18.4 50.9 4.5 -5.3 0.158 26.0 26.5 22.6 25.0 0.295
Unified - - 38.4 80.0 - - 0.188 31.4 27.5 28.8 12.2 -
WLTC v2 433 5.0 41.6 72.5 5.4 -7.4 0.155 37.0 24.2 27.7 11.1 0.640
WLTC v2 rev. 433 5.0 41.7 72.5 5.4 -5.3 0.155 37.0 24.5 27.5 11.1 0.668
Unified - - 58.0 110.0 - - 0.156 31.3 27.2 35.5 6.0 -
WLTC v2 455 7.0 55.5 97.4 6.5 -7.7 0.144 29.0 28.8 35.2 7.0 0.963
WLTC v2 rev. 455 7.1 55.8 97.4 6.5 -5.3 0.143 28.8 28.8 36.0 6.4 0.883
Unified - - 86.8 194.7 - - 0.108 25.7 23.4 48.9 2.0 -
WLTC v2 323 7.7 86.0 132.0 7.4 -6.8 0.127 25.4 25.4 47.7 1.5 5.259
WLTC v2 rev. 323 7.7 85.4 130.4 6.1 -5.3 0.126 26.9 25.7 45.8 1.5 4.413
High
Low
Ex-high
Mid
5.1. Influence for X2 value
In HIGH and Ex-high phase, When the cycle was modified, X2 value become smaller and then test cycle have more representativeness
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Japan Automobile Research Institute
5.2. Comparison of VA distribution – LOW & MIDDLE
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100Speed (km/h)
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
Unified distribution LOW
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100Speed (km/h)
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
WLTC v2 LOW
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100Speed (km/h)
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
WLTC v2 rev LOW
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100Speed (km/h)
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
Unified distribution MID
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100Speed (km/h)
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
WLTC v2 MID
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100Speed (km/h)
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
WLTC v2 rev MID
[Unified distribution] [WLTC v2] [WLTC v2 rev]
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Japan Automobile Research Institute
5.3. Comparison of VA distribution – HIGH & Ex-HIGH
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120Speed (km/h)
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
Unified distribution HIGH
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120Speed (km/h)
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
WLTC v2 HIGH
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120Speed (km/h)
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
WLTC v2 rev HIGH
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Speed (km/h)
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
Unified distribution EX-HIGH
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Speed (km/h)
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
WLTC v2 Ex-HIGH
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Speed (km/h)
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
WLTC v2 rev Ex-HIGH
[Unified distribution] [WLTC v2] [WLTC v2 rev]
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Japan Automobile Research Institute
6.1.1. Review acceleration for MIDDLE phase
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100Speed (km/h)
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
Unified distribution MIDWLTC MID
1) 30～ 35 km/h
1) 30~35 km/h
2) 35～ 40 km/h
Range 30 - 35 km/h
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.5-
1.5
1.5-
2.5
2.5-
3.5
3.5-
4.5
4.5-
5.5
5.5-
6.5
6.5-
7.5
7.5-
8.5
8.5-
9.5
9.5-
10.5
10.5
-11.
5
11.5
-12.
5
12.5
-13.
5
13.5
-14.
5
14.5
-15.
5
Acceleration (km/h/s)
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
Unified distribution MIDDLE
WLTC v2 MIDDLE
Unified distribution MIDDLE
Range 35 - 40 km/h
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.5-
1.5
1.5-
2.5
2.5-
3.5
3.5-
4.5
4.5-
5.5
5.5-
6.5
6.5-
7.5
7.5-
8.5
8.5-
9.5
9.5-
10.5
10.5
-11.
5
11.5
-12.
5
12.5
-13.
5
13.5
-14.
5
14.5
-15.
5
Acceleration (km/h/s)
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
Unified distribution MIDDLE
WLTC v2 MIDDLE
Unified distribution MIDDLE
84.0 ~ 92.5 percentiles
88.1 ~ 94.7 percentiles
[MIDDLE phase]
Because acceleration in middle phase keep in 95parcentiles, it is not necessary to modify the acceleration parts in middle phase
1 2
2) 35~40 km/h
No need to be modified
No need to be modified
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Japan Automobile Research Institute
6.1.2. Review acceleration for HIGH phase - 1
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120Speed (km/h)
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
Unified distribution HIGHWLTC HIGH
35～ 55 km/h, 5km/h steps
0
20
40
60
80
100
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
Unified distribution HIGH
WLTC v2 HIGH
Unified distribution HIGH
0
20
40
60
80
100
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.5-
1.5
1.5-
2.5
2.5-
3.5
3.5-
4.5
4.5-
5.5
5.5-
6.5
6.5-
7.5
7.5-
8.5
8.5-
9.5
9.5-
10.5
10.5
-11.
5
11.5
-12.
5
12.5
-13.
5
13.5
-14.
5
14.5
-15.
5
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
(1) 35 – 40 km/h
(2) 40 – 45 km/h
(3) 45 – 50 km/h
(4) 50 – 55 km/h
82.8 ~ 91.0 percentiles
86.1 ~ 93.0 percentiles
89.5 ~ 95.1 percentiles
84.2 ~ 92.2 percentiles
[HIGH phase]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No need to be modified
No need to be modified
No need to be modified
No need to be modified
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Japan Automobile Research Institute
0
20
40
60
80
100
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
Unified distribution HIGH
WLTC v2 HIGH
Unified distribution HIGH
0
20
40
60
80
100
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.5-
1.5
1.5-
2.5
2.5-
3.5
3.5-
4.5
4.5-
5.5
5.5-
6.5
6.5-
7.5
7.5-
8.5
8.5-
9.5
9.5-
10.5
10.5
-11.
5
11.5
-12.
5
12.5
-13.
5
13.5
-14.
5
14.5
-15.
5
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
6.1.3. Review acceleration for HIGH phase - 2
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120Speed (km/h)
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
Unified distribution HIGHWLTC HIGH
55～ 70 km/h, 5km/h steps 88.1 ~ 94.7 percentiles
92.0 ~ 96.5 percentiles
94.6 ~ 97.8 percentiles
[HIGH phase]
In HIGH phase, acceleration exceed 95 percentiles in the range of 60 to 70 km/h, Therefore it is necessary to reduce acceleration
(5) 55 – 60 km/h
(6) 60 – 65 km/h
(7) 65 – 70 km/h
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Need to be modified
No need to be modified
Need to be modified
95% 3.6 km/h/s≒
95% 3.3 km/h/s≒
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Japan Automobile Research Institute
0
20
40
60
80
100
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
Unified distribution Ex-HIGH
WLTC v2 Ex-HIGH
Unified distribution Ex-HIGH
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.5-
1.5
1.5-
2.5
2.5-
3.5
3.5-
4.5
4.5-
5.5
5.5-
6.5
6.5-
7.5
7.5-
8.5
8.5-
9.5
9.5-
10.5
10.5
-11.
5
11.5
-12.
5
12.5
-13.
5
13.5
-14.
5
14.5
-15.
5
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
6.1.4. Review acceleration for Ex-HIGH phase-1
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Speed (km/h)
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
Unified distribution EX-HIGHWLTC Ex-HIGH
[Ex-HIGH phase]90.0 ~ 95.1 percentiles
96.3 ~ 98.4 percentiles
97.3 ~ 98.8 percentiles
96.2 ~ 98.3 percentiles
25～ 115 km/h, 5km/h steps
(1) 25 – 30 km/h
(2) 35 – 40 km/h
(3) 40 – 45 km/h
(4) 50 – 55 km/h
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112
Need to be modified
Need to be modified
Need to be modified
No need to be modified
95% 5.8 km/h/s≒
95% 6.2 km/h/s≒
95% 5.2 km/h/s≒
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XX OCT 2011
Japan Automobile Research Institute
0
20
40
60
80
100
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
Unified distribution Ex-HIGH
WLTC v2 Ex-HIGH
Unified distribution Ex-HIGH
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.5-
1.5
1.5-
2.5
2.5-
3.5
3.5-
4.5
4.5-
5.5
5.5-
6.5
6.5-
7.5
7.5-
8.5
8.5-
9.5
9.5-
10.5
10.5
-11.
5
11.5
-12.
5
12.5
-13.
5
13.5
-14.
5
14.5
-15.
5
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
6.1.5. Review acceleration for Ex-HIGH phase-2
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Speed (km/h)
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
Unified distribution EX-HIGHWLTC Ex-HIGH
[Ex-HIGH phase]97.3 ~ 99.0 percentiles
99.3 ~ 99.7 percentiles
99.5 ~ 99.8 percentiles
99.1 ~ 99.7 percentiles
25～ 115 km/h, 5km/h steps
(5) 75 – 80 km/h
(6) 80 – 85 km/h
(7) 85 – 90 km/h
(8) 90 – 95 km/h
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112
Need to be modified
Need to be modified
Need to be modified
Need to be modified
95% 3.3 km/h/s≒
95% 3.6 km/h/s≒
95% 3.1 km/h/s≒
95% 4.0 km/h/s≒
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XX OCT 2011
Japan Automobile Research Institute
0
20
40
60
80
100
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
Unified distribution Ex-HIGH
WLTC v2 Ex-HIGH
Unified distribution Ex-HIGH
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.5-
1.5
1.5-
2.5
2.5-
3.5
3.5-
4.5
4.5-
5.5
5.5-
6.5
6.5-
7.5
7.5-
8.5
8.5-
9.5
9.5-
10.5
10.5
-11.
5
11.5
-12.
5
12.5
-13.
5
13.5
-14.
5
14.5
-15.
5
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Fre
quen
ccy
(%)
6.1.6. Review acceleration for Ex-HIGH phase-3
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Speed (km/h)
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
Unified distribution EX-HIGHWLTC Ex-HIGH
[Ex-HIGH phase]98.1 ~ 99.4 percentiles
98.6 ~ 99.6 percentiles
In Ex-HIGH phase, acceleration exceed 95 percentiles in the range of 35 to 55 km/h and 75 to 115 km/h. Therefore it is necessary to reduce acceleration
25～ 115 km/h, 5km/h steps
(9) 95 – 100 km/h
(10) 100 – 105 km/h
(11) 105 – 110 km/h
(12) 110 – 115 km/h
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112
96.0 ~ 99.0 percentiles
85.6 ~ 96.9 percentiles
Need to be modified
Need to be modified
Need to be modified
Need to be modified
95% = 2.3 km/h/s
95% 2.4 km/h/s≒
95% 2.5 km/h/s≒
95% 2.8 km/h/s≒
24
XX OCT 2011
Japan Automobile Research Institute
6.2.1. Acceleration portion for Ex-HIGH
The 95% of cumulative frequency in each speed range are as follows;
Ex-HIGH 95 percentiles
75 – 85 3.5 – 4.5 km/h/s
85 - 100 2.5 – 3.5 km/h/s
100 - 115 1.5 – 2.5 km/h/s
Search acceleration portion which meet the above criteria from in-use database
Select the shortest / highest acceleration one
25
XX OCT 2011
Japan Automobile Research Institute
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
0 10 20 30 40 50
Time (s)
Sp
ee
d (
km/h
)
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
32 s
33 s
34s
35 s
36 s
42 s
43 s
47 s
47 s
48 s-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Speed (km/h)
Acc
ele
ratio
n (
km/h
/s)
32 s
33 s
34s
35 s
36 s
42 s
43 s
47 s
47 s
48 s
6.2.2. Ex-HIGH (65-130 km/h)
65-130km/hまでの区間を 32秒で到達する加速データを選択
[Time series 60 – 130 km/h] [Speed vs. Acceleration]
26
XX OCT 2011
Japan Automobile Research Institute
6.3. maximum deceleration
For light duty truck and/or FR (front engine – rear drive) vehicle, maximum deceleration should be reviewed. Maximum deceleration of current test cycle for certification is as follows;
NEDC UDDS JC08
Maximum deceleration
-5.00 km/h/s
(-1.389 m/s2)
-5.31 km/h/s
(-1.475 m/s2)
-4.05 km/h/s
(-1.125 m/s2)
It's preferable to be the maximum deceleration of -5.31 km/h/s
27
XX OCT 2011
Japan Automobile Research Institute
6.4. Minimum speed of short trip (Vidle of 1st gear)
Minimum vehicle speed should be 6.2km/h
(*) Vidle: Vehicle speed @ idling engine speed
Gear Average of V1000 Average of Vidle
1 7.5 6.2
2 15.0 12.4
3 22.5 18.6
4 29.9 24.8
5 37.6 31.0
6 46.7 37.7
*) Calculated based on vehicle specification of submitted in-use driving data)
(Unite: km/h)