Nhm 11 DTMTTK ngoi vi & ghp ni

MC LC

Li M u1PHN I: TNG QUAN 4Gii thiu iu khin t xa5iu khin t xa bng tn s v tuyn RFHot ngGii thiu Kit v cc linh kin s dng5Gii thiu Kit STM32F103Mch CPUCc cng I/O a dngKhi giao tip RS232 qua cng USART1Khi giao tip vi LCD16x2Cm bin siu m SRF05Cp thu pht RF PT2262 v PT2272M ha vi PT2262PHN II: THIT K MCH S khi6Chc nng v nhim v ca tng khi6 S nguyn l v hot ng ca mch6S nguyn l6Nguyn l hot ng ca mch6Sn phm hon thin6PHN III: KT LUN Ti liu tham kho6

Li ni u

Ngy nay, vi nhng ng dng ca khoa hc k thut tin tin, th gii ca chng ta v ang ngy mt thay i, vn minh v hin i hn. S pht trin ca k thut in t to ra hng lot nhng thit b vi cc c im ni bt nh chnh xc cao, tc nhanh, gn nh l nhng yu t rt cn thit gip cho cc hot ng ca con ngi t hiu qu cao hn.in t ang tr thnh mt ngnh khoa hc a nhim v. in t p ng c nhng i hi khng ngng t cc lnh vc Cng Nng Lm Ng nghip cho n cc nhu cu cn thit cho hot ng cuc sng hng ngy.Mt trong nhng ng dng quan trng ca cng ngh in t l k thut iu khin t xa, n gp phn rt ln trong vic iu khin cc thit b khc m khng cn trc tip chm vo n.Xut pht t nhng ng dng, cng nh s hu ch ca vic iu khin t xa trn nhm em quyt nh thit k v thi cng mch iu khin oto t xa s dng sng RF qua my tnh.Do thi gian, ti liu v trnh cn nhiu hn ch nn bn bo co vn cha th trnh khi nhng thiu st. Knh mong s ch dn, gp ca thy c cng nh tt c cc bn!

H Ni, thng 4 nm 2015

PHN I: TNG QUAN1.1 Gii thiu iu khin t xa1.1.1 iu khin t xa bng tn s v tuyn RFNhng chic iu khin t xa u tin trn th gii c ra i nhm mc ch phc v cho chin tranh. Cc loi iu khin t xa bng tn s v tuyn xut hin vo chin tranh th gii th I nhm hng dn cc tu hi qun c m vo thuyn ca qun ng Minh.n chin tranh th gii th II iu khin t xa c s dng kch n nhng qu Bom, sau chin tranh cng ngh tuyt vi gip chng ta tip tc c ci tin phc v c lc trong i sng con ngi. V n nay c th ni ai cng u tng s dng iu khin t xa iu khin mt thietes b no .Ban u, ngi ta dng iu khin t xa s dng tn s v tuyn RF( Radio Frequency) v sau bt u ng dng cng ngh hng ngoi IR( Infrared Remote) vo iu khin t xa. Hin nay trong i sng chng ta s dng c hai loi iu khin t xa ny.iu khin t xa bng tn s v tuyn RF l loi iu khin t xa xut hin u tin v n nay vn gi mt vai tr quan trng, ph bin trong i sng. Nu iu khin IR ch dng trong nh th iu khin RF li dng cho nhiu vt dng bn ngoi khc nh cc thit b m ca gara xe, h thng bo hiu cho cc loi chi iu khin t xa thm ch kim sot v tinh v cc h thng my tnh xch tay, in thoi thng minh1.1.2 Hot ngVi loi iu khin ny, n cng s dng nguyn l tng t nh iu khin bng tia hng ngoi nhng thay v gi i cc tn hiu nh sng, n li truyn sng v tuyn tng ng vi cc lnh nh phn. B phn thu sng v tuyn trn thit b c iu khin nhn tn hiu v gii m n.

1.2 Gii thiu KIT v cc linh kin s dng1.2.1 Gii thiu KIT STM32F103STM32F103C8T6 s dng li ARM Cotex-M3 32-bit, li hot ng tn s 72Mhz, tc cao, b nh flash ln n 64 Kbytes v SRAM ln n 20 Kbytes, cc cng ngoi vi nng cao I/O.

Stm32F103 c 5 cng I/O a dng vi 80 chn iu khin. mi chn u c th cu hnh nh l chc nng GPIO hoc cc chc nng thay th khc, hoc mi chn c th dng lm ngt ngoi. Cc cng I/O c nh du theo th t t A -> E v mc in p tiu th 5V. chc nng thay th gip cho ngi dng s dng cc cng GPIO vi cc ngoi vi khc. thun tin cho vic kt ni phn cng, mt ngoi vi c th c nh x n 1 hay nhiu chn ca vi x l Stm32.

Khi mch giao tip RS233 qua cng USART1:

Mc d cc chun trao i d liu dng ni tip dn dn khng cn c h tr trn my tnh, nhng chng vn c s dng rt nhiu trong lnh vc nhng bi s tin ch v tnh n gin. STM32 c n 3 khi USART, mi khi c kh nng hot ng ln n tc 4.5Mbps. mt khi USART nm trn APB1 vi xung nhp hot ng 72Mhz, cc khi cn li nm trn APB2 hot ng xung nhp 36Mhz. Vi mch tch hp cho php chia nh tc BAUD chun thnh nhiu tc khc nhau thch hp vi nhiu kiu trao i d liu khc nhau. Mi knh USART c hai knh DMA dnh ch truyn v trao i d liu. khi h tr giao tip UART hoc USART cung cp nhiu ch giao tip. C th trao i d liu theo kiu ch half-duplex trn ng truyn Tx. Khi h tr giao tip c s dng model v giao tip c s dng iu khin lung USART cung cp thm cc tn hiu iu khin CTS v RTS.

Khi giao tip LCD16x2

1.2.2 Cm bin siu m SRF05Mt s loi cm bin siu m:

Cm bin siu m c nhiu loi, ty theo cng dng nh nhn bit vt trong khong cch gn hay xa, nhn bit cc vt c tnh cht khc nhau v trong nhng iu kin hot ng khc nhau m ngi ta ch to cc loi cm bin siu m cng khc nhau.

1.2.2.1 cm bin siu m v nguyn tc TOF( Time Of Flight) sng siu m c truyn i trong khng kh vi vn tc khong 343 m/s. Nu mt cm bin pht ra sng siu m v thu v cc sng phn x ng thi, o c khong thi gian t lc pht i n lc thu v th my tnh c th xc nh c qung ng m sng truyn i trong khng gian. Qung ng di chuyn ca sng s bng 2 ln khong cch t cm bin n chng ngi vt, theo hng pht ca sng siu m. Hay khong cch t cm bin n chng ngi vt s c tnh theo nguyn l TOF: d = v.t/2

SRF05 l mt bc pht trin t SRF04, n c thit k nhm tawnh tnh linh hot, phm vi ngoi ra cn gim bt chi ph. SRF05 hon ton tng thch SRF04 v khong cch c tng t 3m ln 4m.SRF05 cho php s dng mt chn duy nht cho c kch hot v phn hi, do tit kim gi tr trn chn iu khin. khi chn ch khng kt ni th SRF05 hot ng ring bit chn kch hot v chn hi tip nh SRF04. SRF05 bao gm mt thi gian tr trc khi xung phn hi mang li iu khin chm hn chng hn nh b iu khin thi gian c bn stamps v picaxe thc hin cc xung lnh.1.2.2.2 Cc ch ca SRF05 Ch 1: Tng ng SRF04 - tch bit kch hot v phn hiCh ny s dng ring bit chn kch hot v chn phn hi, v l ch n gin nht s dng. Tt c cc chng trnh lm vic cho SRF04 s lm vic cho SRF05 ch ny

Ch 2: Dng mt chn cho c kch hot v phn hiCh ny s dng mt chn duy nht cho c kch hot v hi tip, v c thit k lu gi tr trn chn ln b iu khin nhng. s dng ch ny chn ch kt ni vo chn mass. Tn hiu hi tip s xut hin trn cng mt chn vi tn hiu kch hot. SRF05 s khng tng dng phn hi cho n 700us sau khi kt thc cc tn hiu kch hot.

Tnh ton khong cchGin SRF05 th hin 2 ch trn. Ch cn cung cp mt xung ngn ti thiu 10us kch hot u vo bt u o khong cch. Cc SRF05 s cho ra mt chu k 8 burst ca siu m 40khz v tng cao dng ph hi ca n. Sau ch phn hi, v ngay sau khi pht hin n gim cc dng phn hi li. Dng phn hi l mt xung c chiu rng t l vi khong cch n i tng. bng cch o xung ta hon ton c th tnh c khong cch theo inch/cm hoc n v o khc. Nu khng pht hin g th SRF05 gim thp hn dng phn hi ca n sau khong 30ms.SRF05 c th c kch hot nhanh chng sau mi 50ms, hoc 20 ln mi giy. Nn ch 50ms trc khi kch hot tip, ngay c khi SRF05 pht hin mt i tng gn v xung phn hi ngn hn, iu ny m bo cc siu m beep phai m v s khng gy ra sai lch cc ln o k tip.

Mt s c im khc ca cm bin siu m SRF05Mc ca sng m hi tip ph thuc vo cu to ca i tng v gc phn x ca n:

Mt tn hiu mm c th cho ra tn hiu phn hi yu hoc khng c phn hi. Mt i tng mt gc cn i th mi c th chuyn thnh tn hiu phn chiu cho cm bin nhn.

1.2.3 Cp thu pht RF PT2262 v PT2272Trc khi ngh n vic m rng cc ng dng ca sng in t trong vin khin, ngha l vng sng v tuyn iu khin cc thit b t xa, chng ta hy tm hiu k hn v 2 IC chuyn dng trong iu khin t xa l IC PT2262 dng to m lnh v IC PT2272 dng gii m. Ngy nay ngi ta ch to rt nhiu cc cp IC, mt con th dng cho bn pht v mt con dng cho bn nhn.Trc ht chng ta hy tm hiu khi qut cng dng ca cc chn IC ny. PT2262 c s chn nh hnh v sau:

IC PT2262 c nhiu nhm, nhiu phin bn, phn nhm theo cc ch vit tip theo bn ch PT2262, hnh v cho thy c nhm 18 chn v nhm 20 chn, theo tn ghi trn cc chn ca IC chng ta hiu cng dng ca tng chn nh sau:Chn cui ca hng di cho ni mass. V chn cui cng ca hng trn cho ni Vcc, t 4V n 15V. Trn chn OSC1 v OSC2 dng gn in tr R nh tn cho xung nhp, dng to ra cc dy xung m lnh. Tn s xung nhp phi ly tng thch gia bn pht v bn nhn.Cc chn A0 A5 dng nhp m a ch, trn mi chn c th c 3 trng thi, cho ni mass l bit 0, cho ni vo ngun dng l bit 1 v trng l bit F.Chn A6/D0 A11/D5 c th dng nh cc chn a ch t A6- A11, nhng khi dng nh chn nhp d liu DATA th ch xc lp theo mc 0 v mc 1, ch c 2 trng thi.Chn TE dng cho xut nhm xung m lnh, n c tc dng mc p thp. ngha l khi chn ny mc thp n s xut ra xung m lnh trn chn Dout.Chn Dout, l chn ng ra ca nhm tn hiu m lnh, cc tn hiu m lnh u dng xung, ngha l lc mc thp, lc mc cao.1.2.3.1 M ha vi PT2262C bn PT2262 s dng mi bit gm 3 trng thi 0,1 v f. mi trng thi s c mt kiu m ha bit code khc nhau. Mi bit code m ha cha trong 32 chu k tn s m ha ca OSC(32a) ph thuc vo gi tr ca in tr gn trn chn OSC1 v OSC2. Sau khi c xung nhp c chu k a, by gi ngi ta to ra cc xung khc nhau dng ch trng thi cc bit: l bit 0,1 v bit f Bit 0 c thay th bng chui 1000 1000 Bit 1 c thay th bng chui 1110 1110 Bit f c thay th bng chui 1000 1110Sync bit c thay th bng chui 10000000|00000000|00000000|00000000Nh vy chui bit pht i s c thay th bng chui bit m ha n.V d: mt t m code word PT2262 mun pht l 11110000|1010|syncBit( 8 bit a ch| 4 bit d liu| 1 syncBit) s c m ha thnh chui 128 bit:11101110.11101110.11101110.11101110.10001000.10001000.10001000.10001000|11101110.10001000.11101110.10001000|11101110.00000000.00000000.00000000. xung nhp to ra t mch dao ng:

Xung nhp bit 0

Xung nhp bit 1

Xung nhp bit F

Bit ng b:

L bit c thm vo trong mt khung truyn gip ng b ha qu trnh m ha/gii m. di ca syncBit l bng 4 ln di ca bit a ch/d liu tc 128a.Cch t m lnh cho PT2262:

Cc hng chn a ch A0A5 v chn d liu D0D5 bn IC bn pht v IC bn thu phi c t ging nhau. Nu cho chn no ni mass th chn c nh l bit 0, ni ln ngun th c nh l bit 1 v khng ni th c nh l bit F. ch khi m lnh ca bn pht v bn thu c t ging nhau v tn s xung nhp ph hp lc cp IC ny mi hiu nhau, c tc dng dng trong iu khin, nu khc nhau th bn thu s khng nhn ra bn pht v s khng pht lnh iu khin VT theo lnh ca bn pht.1.2.3.2 Gii m vi PT2272Khi xung m lnh pht ra t IC PT2262, nhm xung m lnh ny s c a vo IC PT2272 gii m v pht ra cc tn hiu iu khin thit b. chng ta hy tm hiu hot ng bn trong ca IC gii m lnh PT2272

Cu trc PT2272

T s khi chc nng ta thy hot ng ca IC PT2272 s nh sau: chn OSC1 v OSC2 dng gn thch anh nh tn cho xung nhp, xung nhp ny cn thit cho hot ng ca IC. Cc chn a ch A0..A5 v chn a ch/d liu A6/D5 n A11/D0. Trng thi bit trn cc chn ny dng lm xc lp m lnh dng cho vic d m lnh ca bn pht. Chn ng vo l Din m lnh, nu m lnh ca bn pht ng vi m lnh xc lp trong IC, sau khi qua hai tng khuch i o, tn hiu m lnh cho vo mch computer logic ch xut ra, khi mch d xung ng b xc nhn tn hiu vo l chnh xc, n s xut lnh iu khin trn chn VT.

PHN II: THIT K MCH2.1 S khi h thng

My tnhKhi pht RFKhi thu RFNgunKhi iuKhinKhi iu khin ng cKhi hin th

Chc nng v nhim v tng khi: My tnh: cung cp giao din giao tip vi vi iu khin, a ra cc tn hiu iu khin xe( tin, li, r tri, r phi) Khi pht RF: nhn tn hiu t my tnh v truyn tn hiu iu khin n khi thu RF Khi thu RF: nhn tn hiu iu khin t khi pht, a tn hiu v vi iu khin thc hin qu trnh iu khin xe. Khi ngun: cp ngun hot ng cho tt c cc hot ng ca cc khi Khi iu khin: hin th thng tin ra khi hin th( mn hnh LCD16x2) v iu khin cc ng c ca xe.2.2 Nguyn l hot ng ca mch Khi a ra tn hiu iu khin trn my tnh, tn hiu s c truyn xung kit thng qua giao tip USART, Kit s iu khin b pht RF pht ra cc tn hiu tng ng nhn c t my tnh. B thu RF s nhn tn hiu, tn hiu sau c truyn n kit thc hin qu trnh iu khin xe( tin, li, r tri, r phi). ch auto, khi nt auto c n, ngt s xy ra, xe s thc hin qu trnh t ng hot ng. Cm bin siu m SRF05 s thc hin o khong cch vt cn, nu khong cch nh hn ngng cho php xe s t ng chuyn sang hng khc v tip tc hot ng.2.3 Code chng trnh- hm cu hnh USART:

Hm truyn, nhn d liu qua USART:

Hm thit lp Timer:

PHN III: KT LUNKt qu t c: to ra c chic xe hon chnh, c iu khin t xa thng qua tn hiu RF, xe chy n nh c th iu khin xe tin, li, r tri, r phi v ch auto hot ng. Qua tch ly v rt ra c nhiu kinh nghim trong lnh vc thit k, gia cng mch in t, ng thi cng c c nhng kin thc l thuyt hc.Bn cnh nhng kt qu t c th mch vn cn mt s hn ch: xe mi ch iu khin c 4 ch : tin, li, tri phi, khong cch iu khin cha c xa, vn cn b nh hng nhiu bi nhiu.Hng pht trin ca ti: xe iu khin c nhiu ch hn nh tng tc hay khong cch iu khin xa hn, gim nhiu trong qu trnh hot ng ca xe.