XA04N2963

Maximum Permissible Body Burdens

and Maximum Permissible Concentrations

of Radionuclides in Air and in Water

for Occupational Exposure

INIS-XA-N-339

U.S. Department of CommerceNational Bureau of Standards

Handbook 69

HANDBOOKS OF THENATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The following Handbooks issued by the Bureau are avail-able by purchase from the Superintendent of Documents,Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C., at theprices indicated:No. Price28 Screw-Thread Standards for Federal Services 1944 $1. 2528 1950 Supplement to Screw-Thread Standards for Federal

Services 1944 . 6028 Screw-Thread Standards for Federal Services 1957, Part I

(Amends in part H28 1944 and in part its 1950 Supple-ment) 1. 25

30 National Electrical Safety Code 2.2537 Testing of Weighing Equipment 2.5042 Safe Handling of Radioactive Isotopes .2043 Installation and Maintenaiwje of Electric Supply and Com-

munication Lines. Safety Rules and Discussion 2.2544 Specifications, Tolerances,-and Regulations for Commercial

Weighing and Measuring Devices—2d Edition 2. 0045 Testing of Measuring Equipment 1. 5046 Code for Protection Against Lightning .45

^48 Control and Removal of Radioactive Contamination inLaboratories . 15

~49 Recommendations for Waste Disposal of Phosphorus-32and Iodine-131 for Medical Users .15

50 X-ray Protection Design .2051 Radiological Monitoring Methods and Instruments .20

^53 Recommendations for the Disposal of Carbon-14 Wastes. _ .1554 Protection Against Radiations from Radium, Cobalt-60,

and Cesium-137 . 2555 Protection Against Betatron-Synchrotron Radiations up to

100 Million Electron Volts .25-57 Photographic Dosimetry of X- and Gamma Rays .1558 Radioactive-Waste Disposal in the Ocean .20

\ 5 9 Permissible Dose From External Sources of IonizingRadiation . 35

60 X-ray Protection .20- 61 Regulation of Radiation Exposure by Legislative Means. _ . 25

62 Report of the International Commission on RadiologicalUnits and Measurements (ICRU) 1956 .40

- 63 Protection Against Neutron Radiation up to 30 MillionElectron Volts .40

^64 Design of Free-Air Ionization Chambers .20Safe Handling of Bodies Containing Radioactive Isotopes. . 15Safe Design and Use of Industrial Beta-Ray Sources . 20

67 Checking Prepackaged Commodities.... .3568 Tabulation of Data on Receiving Tubes *69 Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Per-

missible Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and inWater for Occupational Exposure .35

•In press.

U.S. Department of Commerce, Lewis L. Strauss, Secretary

National Bureau of Standards, A. v. Astln, Director

Maximum Permissible Body Burdens

and Maximum Permissible Concentrations

of Radionuclides in Air and in Water

for Occupational Exposure

Recommendations of theNational Committee on Radiation Protection

National Bureau of Standards Handbook 69

Issued June 5, 1959

(Supersedes Handbook 52)

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfficeWashington 25, D.C. - Price 35 cents

Preface

The present Handbook and its predecessors stem from theSecond International Congress of Radiology, held in Stock-holm in 1928. At that time, under the auspices of theCongress, the International Commission on RadiologicalProtection (ICRP) was organized to deal initially withproblems of X-ray protection and later with radioactivityprotection. At that time "permissible" doses of X-rayswere estimated primarily in terms of exposures whichproduced erythema, the amount of exposure which wouldproduce a defined reddening of the skin. Obviously acritical problem in establishing criteria for radiation protec-tion was one of developing useful standards and techniquesof physical measurement. For this reason two of theorganizations in this country with a major concern for X-rayprotection, the American Roentgen Ray Society and theRadiology Society of North America, suggested that theNational Bureau of Standards assume responsibility fororganizing representative experts to deal with the problem.Accordingly, early in 1929, an Advisory Committee on X-rayand Radium Protection was organized to develop recom-mendations on the protection problem within the UnitedStates and to formulate United States points of view forpresentation to the International Commission on RadiologicalProtection. The organization of the U.S. Advisory Com-mittee included experts from both the medical and physicalscience fields.

As a result of the extensive developments immediatelypreceding and during World War II that added substantiallyto the importance of radiation protection problems, theAdvisory Committee was reorganized in 1946 as the NationalCommittee on Radiation Protection (and later, the NationalCommittee on Radiation Protection and Measurements—NCRP). The revised Committee included representationfrom the various professional societies with an interest in theproblem, government agencies with related interest andresponsibilities, as well as individual experts. The continuedsponsorship of the Committee by the National Bureau of

in

Standards was in accordance with its statutory responsibilityto cooperate with other governmental agencies and withprivate organizations in the development of standardpractices, incorporated in codes and specifications. Inaddition, the recommendations of the National Committeeon Radiation Protection and Measurements have beenpublished as handbooks by the National Bureau of Standards,again in accordance with its statutory authorizations.

The conclusions in the present handbooks are to be con-sidered only as recommendations of a group of experts in theradiological protection field. They carry no legal implicationsdemanding or requiring adoption. Inasmuch as the recom-mendations of the National Committee on Radiation Pro-tection and Measurements impinge upon the areas ofstatutory responsibility of both the U.S. Public HealthService and the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, it wasconsidered important to determine that these agencies wouldnot object to the publication of these recommendations bythe National Bureau of Standards. Such assurances wereobtained although these involve no commitment on the partof these agencies to adopt the recommendations of theNational Committee on Radiation Protection and Measure-ments. Nor should the publication be construed as arecommendation by the National Bureau of Standards foradoption inasmuch as the important medical and biologicalfactors involved in developing the recommendations areclearly outside of the Bureau's area of technical competence.

Since the publication in 1953 of the report of Subcom-mittee 2 of the National Committee on Radiation Protectionon Permissible Internal Dose entitled "Maximum Permis-sible Amounts of Radioisotopes in the Human Body andMaximum Permissible Concentrations in Air and Water"(NBS Handbook 52) the study of the problem of internalirradiation has been continuous. The basic work for thepreparation of this report has been handled to a major extentby Dr. K. Z. Morgan and by members of his staff at OakRidge. The same task has been carried out simultaneouslyfor the corresponding committee of the International Com-mission on Radiological Protection of which Dr. Morgan isalso Chairman.

Since 1953 new information relative to the problem ofinternal irradiation has been steadily increasing. Simul-taneously there have been increasing demands for moreinformation on radionuclides than was covered in the originaledition of Handbook 52. In spite of the enormous amountof work which has been done by this subcommittee the

problem of developing maximum permissible concentrationsof radionuclides is still rendered difficult because of therelatively limited direct experience with the action of theradiation from radionuclides on human tissues. The contentsof this Handbook are based on what is believed to be thebest information available and it is to be expected that asour knowledge increases the numerical quantities presentedin this report will be in a state of continuous modification.

The recommendations of this Handbook take into con-sideration the NCRP statement entitled "Maximum Per-missible Radiation Exposures to Man," published as anaddendum to Handbook 59 on April 15, 1958.

As noted above this study was carried out jointly by theICRP and the NCRP, and the complete report is moreextensive than the material contained in this Handbook.It was felt that for the sake of producing a handbook suitablefor daily use, some of the more extensive treatment of theproblem could be omitted, since it would be made availablein the complete ICRP report published by Pergamon Press.A Table of Contents of the parts of the TCRP report notcontained herein is given on page 22. In addition the ICRPcommittee has prepared a detailed bibliography containinghundreds of references relative to the problem. Since thedemand for this bibliography will be somewhat limited itwill be made available as a separate publication by PergamonPress.

The National Committee on Radiation Protection andMeasurements is governed by representatives of 17 partici-pating organizations, including the National Bureau ofStandards. Eighteen subcommittees have been established,each charged with the responsibility of preparing recom-mendations in its particular field. The reports of the sub-committees are approved by the Main Committee beforepublication.

The following parent organizations and individuals com-prise the Main Committee:

H. L. Andrews, U.S. Public Health Service and Subcommittee Chair-man.

E. C. Barnes, Amer. Indust. Hygiene Assoc.C. M. Barnes, Amer. Veterinary Medical Assoc.A. C. Blackmail, Int. Assoc. of Govt. Labor Officials.C. B. Braestrup, Radiol. Soc. of North Amer. and Subcommittee

Chairman.J. C. Bugher, Representative-at-large.R. H. Chamberlain, Amer. College of Radiology.YV. D. Claus, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.C. L. Dunham, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.T. P. Kberhard, Amer. Radium Society and Subcommittee Chairman.

T. C. Evans, Araer. Roentgen Ray Society.G. Failla, Representative-at-large.J. W. Healy, Health Physics Soc. and Subcommittee Chairman.P. C. Hodges, Amer. Medical Assoc.M. Kleinfeld, Int. Assoc. Govt. Labor Officials.H. \V. Koch, Subcommittee Chairman.W. Langham, Subcommittee Chairman.R. M. Lechausse, Col., U.S. Air Force.G. V. Leroy, Subcommittee Chairman.W. B. Mann, Subcommittee Chairman.W. A. Me Adams, Atomic Indust. Forum and Subcommittee Chairman.G. M McDonnel, Lt. Col., U.S. Army.G. \V. Morgan, Subcommittee Chairman.K. Z. Morgan, Health Physics Society and Subcommittee Chairman.R. J. Nelsen, American Dental Assoc.R. R. Newell, Amer. Roentgen Ray Society.C. Powell, U.S. Public Health Service.K. H. Quiinby, Amer. Radium Society and Subcommittee Chairman.J. A. Reynolds, Xatl. Electrical Mfgr. Assoc.H. H. Rossi, Subcommittee Chairman.M. D. Schulz, Amer. College of Radiology.L. S. Skaggs, Subcommittee Chairman.J. H. Sterner, Amer. Indust. Hygiene Assoc.R. S. Stone, Radiol. Soc. of North America.L. S. Taylor, National Bureau of Standards.E. D. Trout, Xatl. Electrical Mfgr. Assoc.Bernard F. Truin, Amer. Veterinary Medical Assoc.Shields Warren, Representative-at-large.E. G. Williams, Representative-at-large.S. F. Williams, Capt., U.S. Navy.H. O. Wyckoff, Subcommittee Chairman.

The following are the Subcommittees and their Chairmen:

Subcommittee 1. Permissible Dose from External Sources. (Respon-sibility of the Executive Committee.)

Subcommittee 2. Permissible Internal Dose, K. Z. Morgan.Subcommittee 3. X-rays up to Two Million Volts, T. P. Eberhard.Subcommittee 4. Heavy Particles (Neutrons, Protons, and Heavier),

H. H. Rossi.Subcommittee 5. Electrons, Gamma Rays and X-rays Above Two

Million Volts, H. W.'Koch.Subcommittee 6. Handling of Radioactive Isotopes and Fission

Products, J. W. Healy.Subcommittee 7. Monitoring Methods and Instruments, H. IJ.

Andrews.Subcommittee 8. Waste Disposal and Decontamination. (This sub-

committee has been inactivated.)Subcommittee 9. Protection Against Radiations from Ra, Co90 and

Cs137 Encapsulated Sources, C. B. Braestrup.Subcommittee 10. Regulation of Radiation Exposure Dose, \V. A.

McAdams.Subcommittee 11. Incineration of Radioactive Waste, G. VV. Morgan.Subcommittee 12. Electron Protection, L. S. Skaggs.Subcommittee 13. Safe Handling of Bodies Containing Radioactive

Isotopes, E. H. Quiinby.

Subcommittee 1-4. Permissible Exposure Doses Under EmergencyConditions, G. V. Leroy.

Subcommittee M-l . Standards and Measurement of Radioactivityfor Radiological Use, W. H. Mann.

Subcommittee M-2. Standards and Measurement of Radiological Ex-posure Dose, H. (). Wyekoff.

Subcommittee \\-'.i. Standards and Measurement of Absorbed Radia-tion Dose, H. 0. Wyckoff.

Subcommittee M-4. Relative Biological Ktfectiveness, W. H. Limg-ham.

The present Handbook was prepared by (lie Subcommitteeon Permissible Internal Dose, with the following members:K. Z. Morgan, Chairman Oak Ridge National LaboratoryA. M. Brues Argonne National LaboratoryP. Durbin University of CaliforniaG. Failla Columbia University.1. W. Healy Hanford Works, Ricliland, Wash.J. U. Hursh University of RochesterL. D. Marinelli . Argonne National LaboratoryW. S. Snyder . University of TennesseeShields Warren. New England Deaconness Hospital

111 addition, many scientists of many countries have con-tributed, not only through their original research which isthe basis of the report, but also by their generous aid ininterpreting their results for use in this report. Finally,the technical work of collecting the data and interpreting itfor conditions of occupational exposure as well as the writingof the text is largely the work of the Internal DosimetrySection of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory headed byDr. K. Z. Morgan. In particular, Mary Jane Cook has beenresponsible for the collection and presentation of the bio-logical data, Mary Rose Ford has been responsible for thephysical data used and for computation, James Muir andJanet Kohn have computed the tables for the gastrointestinaltract values and for the effective energies, respectively, andDr. Walter S. Snyder has supervised the technical work andacted as secretary to the ICRP Committee II in preparingtliis report.

A. V. ASTIN, Director.

ContentsPage

Preface in1. Introduction 12. Basic standards of maximum permissible radiation exposure. - 4

2.1. Accumulated dose (radiation workers) 42.2. Emergency dose (radiation workers) 62.3. Medical dose (radiation workers) 62.4. Dose to persons in the neighborhood of controlled areas, 62.5. Discussion 6

3. Maximum permissible values for occupational exposure toradiation 10

3.1. Assumptions and restrictions applying to maximumpermissible exposure values in table 1 10

3.2. Units of ionizing radiation used in table 1 143.3. Critical body organ 153.4. Maximum permissible concentration of unidentified

radionuclides (MPCU) 173.5. Maximum permissible concentration of known mix-

tures of radionuclides 183.6. Modifications required for other applications 20

4. Additional contents of the ICRP Internal Radiation report-. 225. Tables 24

vn i

Maximum Permissible Body Burdensand Maximum Permissible Concentrations

of Radionuclides in Air and in Waterfor Occupational Exposure

1. Introduction

The National Committee on Radiation Protection (NCRP)has a subcommittee on permissible internal dose whose func-tion is to provide recommended values of maximum permis-sible body burden, q, of radionuclides and maximum permis-sible concentration, MPC, of these nuelides in air and inwater (or food). These values are provided only for the moreimportant radionuclides, and they are applicable primarilyto occupational exposure. This subcommittee has recognizedthat such compilations are of limited usefulness unless period-ically revised to incorporate the best available informationand extended to include the values required by newdevelopments and uses. It has worked closely with theInternal Dose Committee of the International Commissionon Radiological Protection (ICRP) in collecting these dataand in making revisions of the earlier publications of theNCRP (1953)1 and by the ICRP (1955).2 In fact, therespective subcommittees on Internal Dose of the NCRPand ICRP have the same chairman.

To avoid unnecessary duplication of publication, thisreport of the NCRP is an abridgment of the ICRP InternalRadiation report. It includes a statement of basic philos-ophy, explanations and tables of "Maximum PermissibleBody Burdens and Maximum Permissible Concentrations ofRadionuclides in Air and Water for Occupational Exposure."

The portions of the ICRP report giving the proceduresfor calculation and the associated tables are not included

' Report of National Committee on Radiation Protection, National Bureau of StandardsHandbook 52 (1953), Maximum Permissible Amounts of Radioisotopos in the Human Bodyand Maximum Permissible Concentrations in Air and Water, Superintendent of Documents,U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.

J Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (1955)British Journal of Radiology, Supplement 6 (Meeting of the International Congress of Radiol-ogy held in Copenhagen, Denmark, 1953).

504763 0—59 2 1

in this report, and the reader should refer to the ICRPInternal Radiation report 5 for such information. A table ofcontents of those sections of the ICRP Internal Radiationreport not included here is given at the end of this report.

In addition to revising and extending the earlier publi-cations, the members of both committees hope that thispublication will be a means of harmonizing and unifying theobjectives and principles used by the NCRP and ICRPin arriving at their decisions.

The basic recommendations concerning permissible radia-tion exposure have been revised in recent years by theNCRP,3 and similar revisions have been made by theICRP.4 An examination of the 1958 report of the ICRPreveals that the major changes of interest to Subcommittee 2are the following:

(1) Instead of a weekly limit, a quarterly limit is recom-mended, thus giving greater flexibility for many operations.

(2) While the permissible quarterly rates for internalemitters are essentially comparable to former permissiblerates, a limit on integrated dose is imposed in the case ofexposure of the blood-forming organs and the gonads. TheICRP recommendations 4 also apply a limit on integrateddose to the lenses of the eyes, but the relevant data are soinadequate that the eyes are not considered as an organ ofreference in either the 1953 or 1958 ICRP Internal Radiationreports.

(3) Recommendations are given for some nonoccupationalgroups and for the whole population.

A comparison of this publication with Handbook 52 (1953)will reveal that very extensive modifications have beenrequired by new data and methods of estimating internaldose, and will indicate that the number of radionuclideslisted in the earlier publication has been increased by abouta factor of three. All biological and physical data used inthe earlier publication have been reviewed and the permissibleexposure values have been revised accordingly. Refine-ments in the calculations for the exposure of the gastro-intestinal tract and for chains of radionuclides in the bodyhave resulted in new values for many of the permissiblelimits. The "power function" model is discussed in theappendix of the ICRP Internal Radiation report5 as an

1 Report of National Committee on Radiation Protection, N'ational Bureau of StandardsHandbook 59. (Addendum, Jan. 8, 1957), Maximum iwrmisslbk' exposures to man. A pre-liminary statement of the N'ational Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurement;(Addendum, Apr. 15, 1958), Maximum Permissible Radiation Exposures to Man. Super-intendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.

1 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, MainCommission Report, Sept. 9. 1958; Pergamon Press, London, England, 1959.

s Recommendations of the ICRP, Report of the Committee on Permissible Dose for In-ternal Radiation—1958 revision; to be published, Pergamon Press, London, England.

alternative method of estimating the body burden for certainlong-lived radionuclides. The data in table 1 were calcu-lated using the "exponential or compartment" model forretention and elimination, but the MPC and body burdenvalues listed in the tables were selected after careful con-sideration by the subcommittee of the values obtained bythe use of both models. While it is clearly impossible to becompletely abreast of the literature in such a rapidly develop-ing field, this publication represents the most importantfindings through 1957 as well as those in a few early publica-tions of 1958.

All MPC values are given for a 40-hr workweek as wellas for continuous exposure; i.e., a 168-hr week. Previouseditions of the permissible internal-dose publications listedvalues based on continuous exposure, partly because thesesame values were sometimes used, with an appropriatefactor, to apply to cases of continuous nonoeeupationalexposure and also because of variations in the length of theworkweek.

The MPC values based on a 40-hr workweek are includedbecause they are directly applicable to the standard workingconditions existing in this country.

The MPC values listed for continuous occupational ex-posure are convenient in obtaining permissible levels forspecial groups. The appropriate factors to lie applied inobtaining permissible levels for those groups are discussed inthe ICRP report.45 Because the continuous exposure MPCvalues listed neglect several important considerations,particularly differences between children and adults, itshould be emphasized that, even when corrected by theabove factors, these can only be regarded as interim valuesfor nonoccupational exposure. It is hoped that the termcontinuous occupational exposure values will emphasize theprovisional nature of their use for other purposes.

Although the data on which the MPC values are basedare very incomplete and in some cases uncertain, theyembody the latest and best research of hundreds of scientists;and it is believed that these MPC values are ihe best nowavailable. They should serve as a guide lo indicate whetherthe operational procedures used in practice are adequate toinsure that the dose delivered by internally-deposited radio-active material does not exceed the pertinent permissiblelimit set by NCRP.

For many radionuclides the radiation-exposure periodmay last for many months or even a lifetime, although theintake may have occurred in a relatively short time. When

3

radioactive contaminants are deposited in the body, it isoften difficult to make an accurate estimate of the totalbody burden or of its distribution in the body. In most cases,even when the fact is established that a person carries a largeinternal burden of a radionuclide, little can be done to hastenits elimination from the body. According to one theory, anydose of ionizing radiation, no matter how small, may producesome genetic or somatic damage; and thus, it is consideredwise to avoid all unnecessary exposure to radionuclides.This has been pointed out, also, by several national and inter-national 6 organizations. However, in the light of presentknowledge, occupational exposure for the working life of anindividual at the maximum permissible values recommendedin this report is not expected to entail appreciable risk to theindividual or to present a hazard more severe than thosecommonly accepted in other present day industries. Thevalues given in this report are for occupational exposure andmust be corrected by the application of appropriate factorsfor other uses: and, in all cases, the resultant tissue dosesare intended to be in addition to those produced by thenatural background and medical exposure.

2. Basic Standards of Maximum Permissible RadiationExposure

The NCRP3 has formulated the four following basic rulesand recommendations concerning exposure to ionizingradiation:

Basic Rules

2.1. Accumulated Dose (Radiation Workers)

A. External exposure to critical organs. Whole body, headand trunk, active blood-forming organs, eyes or gonads: TheMaximum Permissible Dose (MPD) to the most criticalorgans, accumulated at any age, shall not exceed 5 rems

• Medical Research Council, The haznrds to man of nuclear and allied radiation (1956),Cmd. 9780, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, England.

N'atlnnal Academy of Science, Publication 452, Pathologic effects of atomic radiation.NAS-NTRC, Washington, D C , (1956); The biological effects of atomic radiation, SummaryReports NAS-.VRC, Washington, D.C.. (195fi); The biological effects of atomic radiation,A report to the public, .VAS-N'RC, Washington, D.C., (1956); The biological effect of atomicradiation—Oonadal dose from the medical use of X-rays, (preliminary report of Section IIIby J. S. Laughlin and I. Pullman) .VAS-.VRC, Washington, D.C., (March J957).

Report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation,Oen. Assembly OR. Records. Thirteenth Session Supplement No. 17 (A/3838), New York. 1958.Annex O, Mammalian somatic effects pp. 153-171. Reportof the World Health Organization,Effects of Radiation on Human Heredity, WHO, Palais des Nations, Geneva (1957).

multiplied by the number of years beyond age 18, and thedose in any 13 consecutive weeks shall not exceed 3 rems.

Thus the accumulated MPD = (AM8)x5 rems where Nis the age in years and is greater than 18.

COMMENT: This applies to radiation of sufficient penetrating powerto affect a significant fraction of the critical tissue. (This will beenlarged upon in the revision of H59.)

B. External exposure to other organs. Skin of whole body:M P D = 1 0 ( JV-18) rems, and the dose in any 13 consecutiveweeks shall not exceed 6 rems. C ? ' i ' L•'"'

COMMENT: This rule applies to radiation of low penetrating power.See figure 2, H59.3

Hands and forearms, feet and ankles: MPD = 75 rems/year,and the dose in any 13 consecutive weeks shall not exceed25 rems.

C. Internal exposures. The permissible levels from in-ternal emitters will be consistent as far as possible with theage-proration and dose principles above. Control of theinternal dose will be achieved by limiting the body burdenof radioisotopes. This will generally be accomplished bycontrol of the average concentration of radioactive materialsin the air, water, or food taken into the body. Since itwould be impractical to set different MPC values for air,water, and food for radiation workers as a function of age,the MPC values are selected in such a manner that theyconform to the above-stated limits when applied to the mostrestrictive case; viz., they are set to be applicable to radiationworkers of age 18. Thus, the values are conservative andare applicable to radiation workers of any age (assumingthere is no occupational exposure to radiation permitted atage less than 18.)

The maximum permissible average concentrations ofradionuclides in air and water are determined from biologicaldata whenever such data are available, or are calculated onthe basis of an averaged annual dose of 15 reins for mostindividual organs of the body, 30 rems when the criticalorgan is the thyroid or skin, and 5 rems when the gonads orthe whole body is the critical organ. For bone-seekers themaximum permissible limit is based on the distribution ofthe deposit, the RBE,7 and a comparison of the energyrelease in the bone with the energy release delivered by amaximum permissible body burden of 0.1 fig Ra22li plusdaughters.

? See discussion on ]). 7.

2.2. Emergency Dose (Radiation Workers)

An accidental or emergency dose of 25 rems to the wholebody or a major portion thereof, occurring only once in thelifetime of the person, need not be included in the determina-tion of the radiation exposure status of that person (see p.69, H59).3

2.3. Medical Dose (Radiation Workers)

Radiation exposures resulting from necessary medical anddental procedures need not be included in the determinationof the radiation exposure status of the person concerned.

2.4. Dose to Persons In the Neighborhood of Controlled Areas

The radiation or radioactive material outside a controlledarea, attributable to normal operations within the controlledarea, shall be such that it is improbable that any individualwill receive a dose of more than 0.5 rem in any 1 year fromexternal radiation.

The maximum permissible average body burden of radio-nuclides in persons outside of the controlled area and at-tributable to the operations within the controlled area shallnot exceed one-tenth of that for radiation workers.8 Thiswill generally entail control of the average concentrationsin air or water at the point of intake, or of the rate of intaketo the body in foodstuffs, to levels not exceeding one-tenthof the maximum permissible concentrations allowed in air,water, and foodstuffs for continuous occupational exposure.The body burden and concentrations of radionuelides maybe averaged over periods up to 1 year.

The maximum permissible close and the maximum per-missible concentrations of radionuclides as recommendedabove are primarily for the purpose of keeping the averagedose to the whole population as low as reasonably possible,and not because of the likelihood of specific injury to theindividual.

2.5. Discussion

A minor difference will be noted between the above recom-mendation nnd those of the ICRP. The NCRP allows theskin only 6 rems in any 13-week period as compared with8 rems allowed by the ICRP. The difference is unim-portant, and the XCRP would probably have adopted thevalue of 8 rems had not its recommendations been publishednearly a year earlier. The ICRP also uses a value of 8rems in any Hi weeks as an upper limit for the dose to the

> Based on continuous occupational exposure for a 168-hr weelc.

thyroid; the NCRP has not specifically stated a 13-weeklimit for the thyroid. Any calculations in this report in-volving the skin or thyroid are based on the ICRP value of8 rems in any 13 consecutive weeks.

The decision of the ICRP 9 (1956) to set the averageexternal occupational exposure at 5 rcms per year (corre-sponding to 0.1 rem per week) is not applied to internaldose calculations except in the cases of radionuelides thatare distributed rather uniformly throughout the body orare concentrated in the gonads. The purpose of limitingthe average weekly total body dose (0.1 rem) to 1/3 of theformer maximum weekly dose (0.3 rem) was to lessen thepossible incidence of certain types of somatic damage; e.g.,radiation-induced leukemia and shortening of life span,which are considered to result primarily from total bodyexposure. Obviously, the reduction in the gonad dose wasintended to lower the incidence of deleterious genetic mu-tations that could give rise to effects appearing in futuregenerations.

Inasmuch as the restriction of integrated dose appliesprimarily to the total body and gonad dose, there is nobasic change in the permissible RBE dose rate when in-dividual organs l0 such as liver, spleen, bone, gastrointestinal(GI) tract, and kidney are the critical body organs for rea-sons given in ICRP report paragraph (14) .4 It should benoted that the limits recommended here are maximal. Inpractice, the average occupationally-exposed individualwould receive a much lower dose.

Because the direct determination of the body burden orof the dose to an organ or to the total body is generallydifficult, and because in most cases measures to decrease thebody burden are rather ineffective and difficult to apply,the only practical procedure for general protection of occupa-tional workers is to limit the concentration of the variousradionuclides in the water, food, or air available for consump-tion. It is recommended, therefore, that:

(a) If there is no occupational external exposure, theconcentration of a radionuclide or a mixture of radionuclides

9 Report on amendments to the recommendations of the International Commission onRadiological Protection (ICRP), Radiology 7», 261-262 (1958).

Report on amendments during 1956 to the recommendations of the International Com-mission nn Radiological Protection, Acts Radlologlca 48, 493-i95 (1957); or British J. Radiol-ogy 11. 93-iM (1958).

Meeting of the Main Commission and Committee Chairmen of the International Com-mission on Radiological Protection, held In New York City, March 3-5, 1958.

•° All references for scientific data cited in this report arc given In abbreviated form; theyare listed in full in Bibliography for Biological Data, Pergainon Press, London, England.See Col-1, Fk-fi, Fr-8, Ja-7, Ja-8, Swl-1, Swl-2, and Zr-1.

7

in air and in water which might be consumed by plant per-sonnel during a 40-hour week be kept at levels not exceedingthe appropriate MPC values given in this report. If thereis occupational external exposure, the MPC values must belowered to bring the total RBE doses within the limitsprescribed by the basic rules. Thus, if D rem is the quar-terly dose permitted to an organ by the basic rules and ifexternal radiation delivers a dose of E rem per quarter, thenthe MPC based on this organ must be reduced by the factor(D-E)/D. The calculation of an acceptable level for thecase of a mixture of radionuclides is discussed in section IV-8of the ICRP Internal Radiation report.5

(b) Alternatively, over a period of 13 weeks, the concen-trations of the various radionuclides present in air or inwater may be allowed to vary, provided the total intakeduring any 13-week period does not exceed the total intakepermitted by exposure at the constant levels indicated insubsection (a) above. (It should be realized that whilethis method is in accordance with the basic recommendationsits use is cumbersome, expensive, and generally unreliable,because it requires accurate and continuous monitoring ofwork areas and the keeping of detailed exposure historiesfor each individual. Its use is, therefore, only justified inexceptional cases.)

The safest and simplest procedure to use in keeping withinthe basic limits given above is to maintain the level of con-tamination of the air, water, or food consumed by plantpersonnel in the controlled area at or below the indicatedMPC values. These values are given for an exposureperiod of 40 hours per week and 168 hours per week. If aperson's work assignments are such that he spends only 8hours each week in the exposure area, the applicable MPCvalues are 5 times those listed for a 40-hour week in table 1.However, this requires considerable care to determine thathe is effectively unexposed during the remainder of his work-ing week. If lie spends 48 hours each week in the exposurearea, the applicable MPC values are five-sixths of thoselisted for a 40-hour work week in table 1.

Although the formula 5(N—18) permits an average yearlydose to the total body and the gonads of only 5 rems, the rulesof the NCRP permit up to 3 rems during any interval (e.g.,1 minute, 1 day, 1 week, etc.) provided that not more than3 rems are received in any 13 consecutive weeks. Thus anolder person may receive up to 12 rems external exposurein a single year provided his dose does not exceed thelimits prescribed by the formula 5(7V—18). Although this

flexibility is allowed in principle for internal exposures, inpractice it is risky and usually impractical to increase theMPC values much beyond those determined for operationover an extended period. The permissible levels,do, how-ever, take into account the exposure period, and if the occupa-tional exposures last for only 1 hour per week, the MPC1

values for a 40-hour week may be increased by a factor of 40.As an example, take the case of a specific situation wheresufficient monitoring is available (i.e., external monitoringmeters, body fluid analyses, air surveys, etc.) and where noexposure has been received for the prior 13-week period.If the restriction implied by the formula 5(AM8) is notexceeded, the person may work for 1 hour where the con-centration in air of an isotope with the total body as thecritical organ is roughly 1200 times the Maximum PermissibleConcentration in air (MPC)0 for a 40-hour week."

In such a case no further exposure shall be permitted inthe succeeding 13 weeks. This practice should be dis-couraged because of delays and inaccuracies in methods ofestimating the body burden and dose to the organ fromsuch an internally deposited radioactive material. How-ever if such exposures to contaminated air are unavoidable,the dose may be reduced materially if appropriate and prop-erly fitting respirators are worn.

While these revised MPC and body burden values pre-sented here take into account many refinements previouslyneglected, there remain many serious uncertainties in thebasic biological data on which the calculations are based andthus it is necessary again, as in the earlier handbooks, to urgethat all exposures be kept to the minimum practically ob-tainable. While the data used for these estimates arebelieved to be the most reliable presently available, theiruse generally involves an extrapolation in time or in dosageleveland they cannot be considered as definitive.

The Internal Dose Committees of the NCRP and of theICRP are collecting available data on the long-range effectsof low-level exposure to the population at large. These datainclude information on somatic damage to the exposedindividual, genetic damage to his children, and ecologicaldamage. It is hoped that this new table of values will beavailable for inclusion in the next revision of this publication.

11 40X13X12/5S1200, where 12 is the maximum, and 5 is the average yearly dose.

504763 O—5S-

3. Maximum Permissible Values for OccupationalExposure to Radiation

3.1. Assumptions and Restrictions Applying to Maximum Per-missible Exposure Values In Table 1

The values of q and MPC for an individual will dependupon many factors such as his age, physical condition, eatinghabits, and hygienic standards. They will depend alsoupon the physical and chemical properties of the radioactivematerial and the method of intake—by ingestion, by inhala-tion, through wounds, or by absorption through the skin.The paucity of data concerning the effect of most of thesefactors does not warrant detailed treatment. To keep therequired work and the magnitude of this revision withinreasonable limits and yet to meet the major needs of scientificand industrial users of radionuclides it has been necessaryto limit severely the number of factors considered. There-fore, MPC values arc listed only for relatively insoluble andfor the more common soluble compounds, and these com-pounds are specified only by the extent of solubility ratherthan by specific chemical structure. The only methods ofintake considered are ingestion and inhalation, exceptin a few cases—where immersion presents the greatesthazard criterion. All calculations are based on a "standardman" and thus do not provide for individual variations.The standard man is specified in tables VI through XI ofthe ICRP Internal Radiation report5 and is a somewhatmodified version of the standard man defined at the ChalkRiver Conference 12 (September 1949). This standard manis designed to represent a typical or average adult who isexposed occupationally.

Ideally, maximum permissible body burden, q, and maxi-mum permissible concentration, MPC, should oe based onstudies of humans who have been exposed to and who haveingested a particular radionuclide under the working con-ditions and over an extended period of time approximatingthose which are typical of the average occupational exposure.However, human data are very scarce and only in the caseof radium does one have an accumulation of human experi-ence for as long as 50 years, which is the minimum for select-ing values for chronic exposure to man. Studies using totaland partial body counters have been made recently to

" Chalk River Conference on Permissible Dose. A conferenec of representatives from theUnited Klnpdom, Canada, and the United States, meeting in Chalk River, Canada, Sep-tember 29 and 30, 1949. RM-10 (1950).

10

determine the uptake, distribution and elimination of tracequantities of some radionuclides in the human body. In afew cases, certain radionuclides have been administered tohumans therapeutically, and in some cases, accidents haveoccurred in which radionuclides have been taken into thebody. The data from these cases of human exposure havebeen studied carefully, and, where possible, such data aresubstituted in this report for earlier data based on animalexperiments. For the majority of radionuclides, humandata are lacking, and in such cases data from animal experi-ments must be extrapolated to man. Sometimes evenanimal data are not available and estimates are made fromcomparison with elements having similar chemical behavior.Recent studies of trace and minor stable element distributionin the human body '3 have been particularly helpful in theserevisions. It is assumed that the normal stable elementdistribution in the various body organs is typical of thedistribution that would result from human exposure toradionuclides of these same elements and that the chemicalform is similar. Likewise, a study of the metabolic balancebetween the trace and minor elements in the food, water,urine, and feces of man has yielded direct data for the MFCof radiouuclides of these elements. Because of the manyassumptions and approximations made in applying much ofthe data in this publication, it is concluded that detailed refine-ments in the calculations generally are unwarranted.

In table 1 are the recommended values of maximum per-missible total bodv burden, q, and maximum permissible con-centration in air, (MPC),, and in water, ( M P ( \ , for about240 radionuclides. The daily intake of water used in calcu-lating (MPC)B includes the water content of food and thusconsideration of the intake of a radionue.lide in food is neces-sary only in case it concentrates in the food during processingor enters the food from other sources. In such cases the(MR 1 ) , values of table 1 converted to microcuries per gramare applicable when corrected for daily intake, i.e., to takeaccount of the total intake of radionuclides in the completediet. This publication includes values for all the radio-nuclides listed in the previous publications of NCRP ' (1953)and of IC'RP2 (1955) together with others for which a needhas arisen and for which the necessary biological data areavailable. With few exceptions (e.g., certain daughterradionuclides and isomeric states) radionuelides with radio-

's Scr the section of the I C R P In terna l Radiat ion report 5 titled "Hihl ionruphy for Hiolopi-cal Da t i i , " T i l through Ti-7 , T ie -1 , Sti-1 Ihrouph Sti-4, Ke-1 . Kc-2, Km-;!, Kh-4, ( i ro -1 ,Locl-1, Bp-1 through Hg-0.

11

active half-lives shorter than 1 hour are not considered intable 1. The following are the principal assumptions andfactors which were used in the calculations.

(a) In nil cases the values are listed both for soluble andfor insoluble compounds (an exception is the case of some ofthe inert gases for which values are given only for the im-mersion of a person in the inert gas). The lowest values of(MP(')j and ( M P ( \ are given in boldface type both forthe soluble and insoluble forms of the isotope. The organson which these values are based are termed the criticalorgans and are also boldface in table 1.

(b) In all cases the values are computed for occupationalexposure at the rate of 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per yearfor a continuous work period of 50 years, as well as for 50years of continuous exposure, i.e., 168 hours per week.

(c) In all cases the calculated dose rate which determinesthe MPC1 takes into account the actual amounts of the radio-nuclide in the body or critical organ rather than assuming astate of equilibrium. The MPC1 values based on a criticalorgan are set by the requirement that the dose rate (rem perweek) after 50 years of occupational exposure shall not ex-ceed the values specified in section 2. During a 50-yearexposure period, equilibrium is reached for the vast majorityof the radionuclides because the effective half-life is shortcompared to this work period (i.e., the term e~om3"T in equa-tions 7 and 8 of the IC'RP Internal Radiation report5 isapproximately zero for t = 50X365 days). Exceptions to thisrule are listed in table 2. Column 5 of table 2 gives the effec-tive half-life, and column 6 gives the percent of equilibriumthe body burden attains as a result of constant exposure tothe MPC1 over a peiiod of occupational exposure lasting 50years. Most of the exceptions are in the 5-/ type rare earthgroup of elements which are assigned a biological half-lifeof 200 years. The extreme case is represented by 10 of theseradionuclides which reach only 16 percent of equilibrium inthe body in 50 years of occupational exposure.

(d) In the case of a radionuelide which decays to formradioactive daughters, the calculation assumes that only theparent radionuclide enters the body, but the estimated doserate includes all the energy released by the daughter ele-ments formed in the body. There are two exceptional cases,Rn220 and Rn222, where a state of equilibrium typical of thatattained in ordinary air is assumed. These cases5 are discussedin detail in the IC'RP Internal Radiation report. In all othercases it is assumed that only the parent clement enters thebody. Because the various daughter elements generally havedifferent effective half-lives the percent of equilibrium at-

12

tained is generally not the same for all elements of a chain.Also, the effective energies, are not the same for differentmembers of the chain so that the dose rate after 50 years'exposure will generally not be the same percentage of thedose rate resulting from an equilibrium body burden as thefigure shown in table 2. Thus for radionuclides which decayto form radioactive daughters these percentages give only arough indication of the percent of equilibrium dose rate at-tained at the end of 50 years.

(e) The assumptions and formulas are presented in termsof a compartment model, i.e., each organ is assigned abiological half-life and the radionuclide that accumulates inthe organ is considered to be eliminated at a constant rate.In general, this is a drastic oversimplification of the situationsince the organ retention usually requires several exponen-tials, or perhaps a power function, for its mathematicalrepresentation. Unfortunately, the biological informationavailable generally does not yield detailed information onorgan retention, particularly for the conditions and periodsof exposure of interest here. In selecting MPC and bodyburden values, the subcommittee lias considered both mul-tiple exponential and power function models for retentionwhen such information is available and the values finallyselected are in some cases chosen between those calculated bythese models. In view of the large measure of uncertainty inmany of these cases, and in the interest of uniformity andeconomy of presentation the biological data in the tables aregiven in terms of a single compartment model for eachorgan considered with a biological half-life for each. Thevalues of these are selected to produce in 50 years of ex-posure at a relatively constant level, the retention indicatedby the more detailed model, and thus may not representaccurately the situation for short-term exposure. (Adiscussion of the power function model and a table of thenecessary parameters for its use are given in the appendixof the ICRP Internal Radiation report.5)

(f) If occupational exposure continues beyond 50 years,the dose rate will continue to rise in the case of the radio-nuclides listed in table 2 because they are not in a state ofequilibrium under the assumed conditions of constantexposure level at the MPC, but for the radionuclides notlisted in table 2 the maximum permissible dose rate wouldnot be exceeded. However, since the period of occupationalexposure probably will not greatly exceed 50 years, and sincethe maximum permissible body burden, q, would be reachedonly after 50 years of occupational exposure at the MPC

13

values given in table 1, the average RBE dose rate over theworking life of the individual will be well below the maximumpermissible RBE dose rate even for the isotopes in table 2.While noteworthy, this observation does not alter the factthat the terminal RBE dose rates would be in violation ofthe criteria adopted in section 2, although the integratedRBE dose undoubtedly would be considerably less than thatpermitted for many radionuclides not listed in table 2. Inthe previous publications,1 2 the calculations were based ona 70-year exposure. Although this change to an exposureperiod of 50 years has had very little effect on the MPCvalues (i.e., a maximum increase of 27 percent in the MPCvalues for some of the radionuclides in table 2), it is believedthat this change should be made in the calculations becausefor most workers in controlled areas the working periodextends from age 18 to age 65 or less.

(g) The average breathing rate 1041 per 8-hour work day;this is one-half the air breathed in 24 hours.

(h) The average rate of water consumption is 1100 mlper 8-hour work day; this is one-half the water consumed in24 hours.

(i) The dose from inert gases with radiation of sufficientenergy to penetrate the minimal epidermal layer (7mg/cm2)results from external exposure to the surrounding cloud ofradioactive gas rather than from the amount of gas in thebody.

(j) With one exception, chemical toxicity is not consideredin estimating the body burden or MPC values. However,in the case of uranium, the chemical toxicity has been con-sidered and is the limiting criterion for the longer-livednuclides of uranium.

3.2. Units of Ionizing Radiation Used in Table 1

In table 1 the units are the microcurie (fie) and microcurieper cubic centimeter (/ic/ce) for maximum permissible quan-tities of the various radionuclides in the total body, q, andfor the maximum permissible concentrations in air, (MPC)a,and in water, (MPC)B. One curie is a quantity of a radio-active nuclide in which the number of disintegrations persecond is H.700X1010; the microcurie then, is 1 millionth ofthis amount. In accordance with long established usage ininternal dose calculations, however, a curie of recently ex-tracted uranium is considered to correspond to the sum of:i.7X1010 dis/sec from U238, 3.7X1010 dis/sec from U234, and9X108 dis/sec from U235. Also, a curie of recently extractedthorium is considered to correspond to the sum of :$.7X10ln

14

dis/sec from Th"2 and 3.7 X 1010 dis/s<>c from Th228. The remis the unit of RBE dose of ionizing radiation in tissue.When a dose is expressed in rems it is superfluous to call itRBE dose. Therefore, the unqualified term "dose" isused in such cases. The rem corresponds to the dose intissue which results in a biological effect equivalent to thatproduced per rad of X-radiation (of about 200 kv) having alinear energy transfer, LET, to water of 3.5 kev per micron,i.e., rem=RBEXrad. The rad corresponds to an energyabsorption of ionizing radiation of 100 ergs per gram in anymedium. In this case the energy absorption is in tissue.The relative biological effectiveness, RBE, in this report istaken as one for /?, 7, X-radiation, and conversion electrons(for low energy jS emitters, i.e., Em<0.0'S Mev, the RBE =1.7), 10 for a-particles, and 20 for recoil nuclei. The reader isreferred to the Handbook by the International Commissionon Radiological Units for detailed information on units.14

3.3. Critical Body Organ

The values of body burden, q, in column 3 of table 1 arebased on that amount of the radionuclide which is depositedin the total body and produces the maximum permissibleRBE dose rate to the body organ listed in column 2. Theconcentration values in water (columns 4 and 6) and in air(columns 5 and 7) arc in turn based on the intake by thestandard man who accumulates this body burden as a conse-quence of occupational exposure for a period of 50 years.In most cases significantly different values of body burdenresult when effects on different organs are considered. Thecritical organ is determined by the following criteria:(1) the organ that accumulates the greatest concentrationof the radioactive material; (2) the essentialness or indis-pensability of the organ to the well-being of the entire body;(3) the organ damaged by the entry of the radionuclide intothe body; and (4) the radiosensitivity of the organ, e.g., theorgnn damaged by the lowest dose. Theoretically all ofthese considerations are taken into account through the useof the RBE factors, the basic standards, and the methods ofcalculation. Actually, except for a few radionuclides,case (1) above is the determining factor in choosing thecritical body organ. For this revision, each radionuclidewas studied individually. For some radionuelitles as manyas 12 reasonable choices of a critical organ were made withthe corresponding permissible body burden and concentra-

11 Report of Iho International Commission on Radiological Tnils anil Measurements(ICRID 1950, National Bureau of Standards Handbook 62 (1957). Superintendent of Docu-ments, r .S . Government Printing Office, Washington 25, O.C.

15

tion values calculated for each organ, and these are listed intable 1. In the present state of our knowledge the organgiving the lowest MPC value seems the most likely choiceas the critical organ; therefore such organs and such minimalvalues are printed in boldface type. For each isotope theMPC values are listed first for soluble materials and thenfor insoluble materials. The values for soluble materials areranked with increasing magnitude of (MPC)K so that thefirst line in this group designates the critical organ determinedprimarily on the basis of having the lowest (MPC)B. Thevalues for insoluble materials are ranked according to themagnitude of (MPC)0. The rankings based on (MPC),,and on (MPC)tt may differ in some cases so the smallestMPC in each group is in boldface type to indicate it as amaximum permissible occupational exposure level for plantoperation under the stated conditions. The MPC values forother organs (termed organs of reference in table 1) aregiven primarily as an aid in estimating MPC values formixtures of radionuclides and thus by themselves are notpermissible levels.

The total body is listed as an organ of reference for allnuclides except a few of the inert gases. Values for the totalbody are included primarily as an aid in computing MPCvalues for mixtures, and as a check on the oversimplifiedmodel used. As mentioned in (e) above, this one-compart-ment model is selected to represent the long-term retentionin the critical organ and may not represent adequately thesituation in other organs. For example, radium and stron-tium are long-term bone-seekers, but during the first dayor two following ingestion appreciable amounts are presentin the plasma and soft tissues. This amount may be neg-ligible so far as the 50-year accumulation in the bone is con-cerned, but a check is necessary to determine that the amountpresent in the plasma and soft tissues does not increase thebody burden in excess of the permissible limit. Whenpresent in a mixture, perhaps with other isotopes that con-centrate primarily in the soft tissues, the dose delivered bythis component of the total quantity should not be neglected.The MPC based on the retention of radionuclides in the totalbody also supplies a ready means of estimating the inte-grated dose, i.e., the dose to the body as a whole.

While the basic rules do not directly limit the integrateddose except in the case of whole body irradiation, knowledgeof it is of considerable interest. Because the total body limitfor constant-level exposure is based on an average of 5 remsper year (0.1 rem per week), the total body is sometimes the

16

critical organ. Because the GI tract often receives a greaterabsorbed dose than any other body organ, and is frequentlythe critical organ for exposure to mixed fission products, itis, with few exceptions, included as an organ of reference forthe soluble form of the radionuclides in table 1. MPC valuesare given also for the insoluble form of the radionuclides inwhich case the critical organs are the lungs or the GI tract.

3.4. Maximum Permissible Concentration of Unidentified Radio-nuclides (MPCU)

The identity of the radioactive contaminants in air, water,and food must be established before appropriate MPC valuescan be applied either for occupational exposure or for ex-posure to population outside of controlled areas. In manycases there is no question regarding the identity of a radio-nuclide because the operation involves only one radionuclide.Sometimes, however, preliminary surveys of radioactivecontamination leave considerable uncertainty as to whichradionucHdes are the major contributors. When a labora-tory is using a number of radionuclidcs, such as mixedfission products, an air sample may furnish only a few cluesas to the identity of the radionuclide. By using the simplestof equipment and techniques, the level of air contaminationmay be established in a matter of minutes, but hours or evendays may be required to conduct the radiochcmical analysesnecessary to identify the particular radionuclides that arepresent in the air. Fortunately, in such cases it is usuallynot necessary to go through a tedious, time-consuming andexpensive radiochcmical analysis. If it is known that certainof the more dangerous radionuclides could not be present(i.e., the concentration of the more dangerous radionuclidesis small compared with the MPC values in table 1) theoperation may be continued safely regardless of the radio-nuclide or mixture of radionuclides, provided the concen-tration does not exceed the values for MPC of unidentifiedradionuclides (MPCU) as listed in table 3 for water or intable 4 for air. These MPCU 'values are applicable to con-tinuous occupational exposure (168 hours per week) andshould be multiplied by 1/10 if they are to be applied asinterim values outside, and in the neighborhood of, thecontrolled exposure area. It should be pointed out thatthe use of MPCU values may save an immense amount ofeffort and expense if they are applied properly to avoidunnecessary radionuclide analyses in areas where the air,water, and food contamination is usually less than the appro-

504763 O—59- 17

priate MPCU values. On the other hand, they can imposea needless penalty if improperly applied. For example, ifinitial measurements indicate a negligible amount of Ha-6

and Ra1'28 in the drinking water of a small community nearan atomic energy laboratory, and if it is determined by daily-gross 0 + 7 sample counting that the activity does not exceedthe (MPCU)B value, (1/10X1 X10"6

M<7cc= 1 X KT7 ju<'/cc)it would seem foolish to carry out a daily radiochemicalanalysis of this water. If, on the other hand, the level rangedbetween 10~5 and 2X10"5 [tc/cc, it would be unwise to shutdown the plant or to instigate an expensive modificationof the operation without first identifying the radionuclidesfor it might be that the contamination in the water is fromNa24 and P32. In this case the appropriate (MPC)W value forapplication in the neighborhood of the plant is 1/10X2X10-3=2X10~4 and 1/10X2X 10~4 = 2X 10~5, respectively(see table 1).

3.5. Maximum Permissible Concentration of Known Mixturesof Radionuclides

Suppose a person is exposed to concentrations paA, paB, . . .PU>A, PWB • • • fie per cc, of isotopes A, ]{,... in air and inwater, respectively, and also to external sources of gammaand neutron radiations. Assume further that the externalsources give doses Fy, Z?£ to a given organ A' for gamma andneutron radiation, respectively. If / / rem is the averageweekly dose permitted to organ X by the basic rules, thenthe total dose to organ X is

I PaA I PaB I j P w A

L + + •

This does not exceed 1/ provided

PaA I PaB | • _ PuA

(MPC)^

P»B_, BIA.1^1• ( M P C ) £ B

+ • • • IAL<

9 Sec equations 22 to 24 in ICKP Internal Radiation report.

18

and this provides a criterion for assessing whether oi not theexposure is in excess of that permitted hy tlie basic yules. ]forgan X is not listed as an orga;h of reference in ttmkmk, andif an independent estimate of the corresponding MPC valuesis not available, tlie MPC based on total body may be usedwith the correction factor ///O.I, i.e., //(MPC)™/0.1 and//(MPC)™/0.1 may be substituted for (MPC)J and (MPC);in such cases. In general it will be necessary to calculate thedose for all the organs for which the dose may reasonably beconsidered to be in excess of the prescribed limits. Oftenthis may include the total body even though no one of theradionuclides irradiates a major portion of the body. As-suming that a major portion of the body is being irradiatedat somewhat comparable rates, the calculation is essentiallyas before except that the MPC values based on total body areto be used. Thus, the criterion is

PaA j PaB i , PaA3 i / A , f T t

+ + 0 . 1 0.1 " w

In effect this limits the average dose rate over the body to0.1 rem per week. There may be some organs in which thedose rate exceeds 0.1 rem per week, but this is consideredpermissible so long as such organs do not constitute a majorportion of the body. Of course, the criteria for these organsmust also be considered, and the application of equation (2)will prevent any particular organ from exceeding the per-missible limit set for that organ. However, it would seem tooconservative and contrary to the intent of the basic rulesto limit the dose to any portion of the body to a maximumrate of 0.1 rem per week merely because the entire body isreceiving some dose, though it may be very small in mostof the body and only be at the rate of 0.1 rem per week in asmall portion. The'values of (MPC)™ aa_given in table 1-and as applied in equation (3) were derived on the assump-tion that the total body dose of interest in this case is thegram-rem dose or the total weighted energy delivered tothe total body.

(See Section IV-8 of ICRP Internal Radiation report.5)

The application of these criteria may be illustrated bythe following example: Suppose the mixture consists ofSr90, Pu239, Jsa24, and that an external gamma source is alsopresent, and that the measured intensities are those indicated

19

in table 5. The concentrations have been chosen to illustratethe case of a mixture which is below the permissible limitfor one of the criteria (bone), but is barely in excess of thelimit determined by another of the criteria (total body).

Criterion (2) applied to bone gives

PaA i PICA I PaB i PtcB

/\4"pj~nr i /•»*T>/~IM T/»JT)n\ i T" /

0.1+O56

Thus, the average dose rate to the bone is about 0.60X0.56 = 0.34 effective rem per week and is therefore withinthe limits set for bone.

Criterion (3) for total body gives

PaA I PwA I PaB i PwB3' llifT>r\\TB< f\fT>f~\\TBl I

+0.013+0.1+0.2+0.65=1.038

and thus, the calculation indicates that the mixture isslightly, though not significantly, in excess of the permissiblelimit for total body.

If the gamma source is removed, the dose rate to the bonebecomes 0.48X0.56 = 0.27 rem per week while the dose rateto the total body is 0.39X0.1=0.039 rem per week. Thesedose rates are 48 percent and 39 percent of the correspondinglimits, and thus, the bone is now the critical organ. In thissituation any or all of the concentrations could be increasedby as much as a factor of 2 without exceeding the per-missible limits.

3.6. Modifications Required for Other Applications

The MPC values listed in table 1 are primarily intendedfor occupational exposure. Nevertheless, they are frequentlyused for a variety of other purposes. In most cases the condi-tions of exposure will not strictly conform to the conditionsassumed for the calculation of these values. Thus, great care

20

and judgment should be used to insure that the departurefrom the conditions of occupational exposure assumed intable 1 are not so great as to completely invalidate the useof these values. In order to guard against the ail-too fre-quent misuse of these values, some of the more commonpitfalls that may often lead to large discrepancies will bementioned.

A 50-year exposure period is assumed in deriving the MPCvalues in table 1, and the exposure level is assumed to beconstant. Thus a transient situation (e.g., fallout shortlyafter a nuclear detonation or a major reactor accident wherethe level of activity is rapidly decreasing, and even the rela-tive abundance of different radionuclides will be changing)presents a hazard widely different from the constant level50-year occupational exposure which is assumed. The meas-ure of difference is here so large that to attempt to correctit amounts to a new calculation.

The (MPC)W values listed in table 1 may, with caution,be applied to foods but to use the (MPC)B for the 168-hourweek without correction for actual intake amounts to assum-ing that 2200 grams 16 of the individual's food, (i.e., substan-tially all his food) is contaminated at this level and that thissituation will persist for 50 years, or until equilibrium isreadied in the body. Obviously, a correction factor to takeaccount of the food intake is needed, but to simply use theratio of 2200 grams to the grams of intake of a particularfood (e.g., butter) as correction factor amounts to assumingno other foods or beverages are contaminated. Again allthe factors in the total situation must be considered andgreat judgment must be used in making such corrections.

Frequently the MPC values are used to obtain estimatesof dose from large single intakes of a radionuclide. In manycases this is warranted but there may well be many caseswhere the distribution in the body following an acute exposureto the nuclide is markedly different from the distribution pat-tern reached following continuous, low-level exposure. Forexample, many nuclides concentrate in bone with a long bi-ological half-life which leads to a large bone burden of thenuclide after many years of exposure. Then the bone is thecritical organ although the fraction of the daily intake reach-ing the bone may be much smaller than that passing throughthe GI tract. For an acute single dose the GI tract may bethe critical organ.

Many other factors may have a large effect in determiningthe proper value for a maximum permissible limit. The

'• The average daily intake of water for the sta dard man.

21

relative abundance or scarcity in the diet of other nonradio-active nuclides witli similar chemical properties, the widerange of physiological differences as well as differences inhabits, age and sex, and the chemical form of the radio-nuclide or the size of the particle to which it is attached, mayaccount for large changes in the value of the MPC in somecases. Many of these factors as well as others are being care-fully studied at the present time, and we may expect thatour knowledge of their influence on the permissible levelswill be more precise. In the present state of our knowledge,the modification or adaptation of the values listed in table 1for application to other situations than those specified bythe exposure categories of the basic rules requires the carefulconsideration and mature judgment of competent experts inthis field.

4. Additional Contents of ICRP Internal RadiationReport5

IV. Calculation of Maximum Permissible Exposure Values

1. Basis for Estimating Maximum Permissible ExposureValues.

2. Body Burden Based on Comparison with Radium.3. Body Burden Based on a Permissible RBE Dose Rate

to the Critical Organ.4. Concentrations in Air and Water—Based on Exponential

Model—Critical Organs Other than GastrointestinalTract.

5. Concentrations in Air and Water Based on RBE DoseDelivered to Various Segments of the GI Tract.

6. Maximum Permissible Concentration of Radionuclidesof Noble Gases and Other Relatively Inert Gases.

7. Maximum Permissible Concentration of UnidentifiedRadionucJides. (Included in this report.)

8. Maximum Permissible Concentration of Known Mixturesof Radiotuiclides. (Included in this report.)

9. Modifications Required for Other Applications. (In-cluded in this report.)

V. Factors Needed for Calculation of MPC Equations

1. Effective Energy.2. Standard Man Data..'}. Other Biological and Physical Related Terms.

2-2

Appendix. Concentrations in Air and in Water Based on aPower Function Model

Tables of ICRP Internal Radiation ReportTables I to IV (1 to 5. Included in this report)Table V Effective EnergiesTable V A Effective Energies for ChainsTable VI Element Distribution in Total Body of the

Standard ManTable VII Elements in the Body Organs of the Stand-

ard ManTable VIII Organs of Standard Man—Mass and Effec-

tive Radius of Organs of the AdultHuman Body

Table IX Intake and Excretion of the Standard ManTable X Particulates in Respiratory Tract of the

Standard ManTable XI Gastrointestinal Trad of the Standard

ManTable XII Biological and Related Physical Constants

23

TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure

Radionuclide and type ofdecay

,H»(H|O)

(Hi)

,C"(CO,)(r)

(Sol)

(Immersion)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

/Body Tissue.\Total Body..

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldfacel

Skin.

GI (LLI)*_.Total Body.KidneyLiverBoneSpleen

/Lung\GI (LLI). _

[FatTotal Body.

[Bone

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

()

103

2X103

6008008002X103

4X103

300400400

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC),j»c/cc

0.10.2

0.056992050

0.05

0.020.030.04

2X10- '2Xl0~5

2X1O"3

io-fi

6X10-»8X10- '8X10-«2X10-5

4X10"5

9X10-"

4X10-'5X10-6

6X10"»

(MPC)a/

For 168 hour week**

(MPC).MC/CC

0.030.05

0.02233720

0.02

8X10"3

0.010.01

(MPC),/

5X10"6

7X10-«

4X10-*

4X10-«2 X 1 0 "3Xl0-«3X10-«6X10-«2X10-5

4X10-7

3Xl0-»

2X10-"2X10-6

7)

8~, 7)

- , 7 )

(Immersion)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

Total Body 5X10"5

fGI (SI)Bone and Teeth

I Total Body___JGI (ULI)ILung

/Total Body.IGI (LLI)LungGI (LLI)...

/GI(SI)\Total Body^JGI (LLI)

Lung

GI (S)LungAdrenalTotal Body,Tcstis..Ovarv_

USkin."fGI ( U L I ) . -I Lung

2020

10

1030304060100

0.020.20.30.01

io-3

0.01

9XI0-<

6X10"3

0.018X10-4

0.03 6X10-« 9X10-3 2X10«0.1 2X10-5 0.05 7X10-«0.3 4X10-5 0.1 10-0.3 4X10-5 0.1 2X10-50.4 5X10-5 0.1 2X10-50.6 8X10-5 0.2 3X10-51 2X10-4 0.5 7X10-56X10-5 10 -• 2X10-3 3X10-?

4X10"6

OI, S, SI, ULI, and LLI refer to Rastrolntestinal tract, stomach, small intestines, upper large Intestine, and lower large intestine,

Part of this isBecause of

t h e MPC valuesiposure as In the

5X10"3X10-5

4X10-5

3X10"«2X10-'

2X10-'2X10-'9X10-»2X10-7

2X10-9

10-'8X10-'

8X10-3

0.060.095Xl0~»

4X10-*3X10-3

2X1O»4X10-3

3X10-"

10-5

2X10-»9X10-"io-5

9X10-'6XI0-"

6X10-8

7X10-'3XlO-»5X10"8

4X10"7

6X10-'5XlO-»3X10-'

to

e> TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Kadionuclide and type ofdecav

(0-)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

(BoneTotal Body.GI (LLI)__.LiverBrainLungGI (LLI)_ __

(TestisTotal Body.

<Bone _-Skin

I d (LLI)__.LungGI (LLI) _..

/Total Body.\GI (LLI)._.LungGI (LLI). _

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

()

630

50300

904008003X103

80

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC),jic/cc

5X10-<3X10-33X10- '5X10-30.02

7X10-*

2X10"3

7X10"3

0.020.070.2

8X10-3

2X10"3

0.04

2X10-3

(MPC).

7 X 1 0 8

4X10-'6X1O"7

6X10"7

3X10"6

8X10"»10-'

3 X 1 0 '10-»2X10"«10"5

4X10"5

3X10"'

4X10"'8X10- '2X10"8

3X10"'

For 168 hour week**

(MPC)./ic/cc

2X10"4

;ixio-<9X10"4

2X10-3

8X10"3

2XI0<

6X10-*3X10-3

5X1O"3

0.020.05

3X10"3

8X1O"<0.01

6X10«

(MPC),,MC/CC

2 X 1 0 "10- '2 X 1 0 - '2 X 1 0 'io-«3 X 1 0 "4X10-"

9XlO-»4X10-'8X10-'3X10"6

io-5

9X10"5X10-'

10 '3Xl0"«8X10"10"'

,K« (0-, y)

20Ca« (/S-, 7)

,S<'<« (0-, 7)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Immersion)

(Immersion)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

GI (S)Total Body.

:/GI\Lunng

Skin

Total Body.

GI (S)Total Body.BrainSpleenMuscleLiver .

f'GI (LLI)__.ILung

I BoneTotal Body.

[GI (LLI)/Lung\GI (L

20202050

30200

Bone' OI (LLI) .[Total Body . . . . ! 10JGI (LLI) " j[Lung !

f I (LLI) .:! Liver • 10{Kidney , 1 0

Total Body j 20(Bom- ". i (30

0.010.30.01

9X10-3

0.020.040.040.040.086X10 <

3X10-«2X1O"3

0.01

5X10-*

IO-3

2X10-3

4X1O"3

10"3

10-3

00020

5X 10-'2X10-'2X10"7

2X10-'2X10"7

3X10- '3X 10-'10-"

3 X 1 0 "4X10"5

2 X 1 0 «10"5

6X10- '

2X10-«

2 X 1 0 "3X10-«6X10-"6X10-»6X10- '10"s

1 0 '9X10"'

3X10"8

3X10"7

3X10-"10-'9X10"7

2 X 1 0 '5X10- '

4X10"3

0.14X1O"3

3X10- 3

8XIO-3

0.010.010.020.032X10-*

9X10"5

7X10-*4X10^3

2X10 3

5 X 1 0 *8X 10-<

9X10"7

2X10- s

7X10"7

5X10""

10-3

4 X 1 0 '

7 X 1 0 'io-«2X10-"2X10-"2X10"«4X10"6

4X10-"3X1O"7

1 0 "9X10-"io-»4X10~8

3X10-7

6 X 1 0 "2X10-7

2X 10"3

3X10-4

4 X 1 0 *2228

2X 10"'6X10-"6X10-"

8X10-"8X10-8

9X 10-s

10-7

4X 10-'

to

TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations for radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdecay

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

()

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC)./iC/CC

(MPC)Ondcc

For 168 hour week**

(MPC). (MPC),,JUC/CC

21Sc<7 (IS", y)

.Sc«8 (0-, y)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

'Lung,GI (LLI).

(GI (LLI)-..I Liver(Kidney

Bone.I(^Total Body,(GI (LLI). . .\LUIIR

50606080

10-'

3X10-'1002002002003X10-'

( ( )Total Body.

<LiverKidney

(BfGI (LLI)\Lung

991030

8X10"4

5050802008X10-*

2X10-"2X1O-7

6X10-'6X10-"8X10-'8X10-'io- j

5X10"7

2X10"7

2X10-"2XI0-«3X10-6

8X10-'10-7

4X1O"7

4X1O"4

506060809X10-4

3 X 1 0 <202030603X10-*

8X10-9

7X10"8

2X10-2X10-3X10-3X 10-3X10-2X10-'3X10"7

6X10"7X1O"7

7X10"7

10"6

3X10-6

5X10"io-7

+, i, y)

(e, 7)

0+, (, y)

KMn1( («, 7)

(Sol)

( I t i s o l )

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(GI (LLI)_.KidneyTotal Body.SpleenLiverBone

/Lung\GI (L

GI (LLI)._Total Body.LungProstateThyroidKidney

/Lung\GI (L

I PancreasI Liver _[Total Body./Lung\GI L

GI (LLI)Liver. .Total Body.Pancreas

/Lung1GI

810202000

800103

2X103

4X103

8XIO3

204050

9X10*0.030.040.060.090.2

8X10-'

0.050.61236

0.05

10-3

0.010.010.02

9XI0-«

4X10-3

0.010.020.02

3 X 10-'

2 X 1 0 - '3X10-'4X10-75X10"7

8XIO-7

2X10-*6X10-*10-7

10-510-52X10"5

3X10-5

6XIO-5

io-<2X10-"8X 10-»

2X10-'4X10-'5X10"1

8XIO-7

1 0 '2X10-'

8X10-'4X10-'8X10-'9X10-7

4X10R

6X10-'

3 X 1 0 *0.010.020.020.030.08

0.02

3X10-*4X10-3

4X10-3

7X10-'

3X10"4

10-3

4X10"3

8X IO-3

9X 10-'

6X10-»9X10-8

10-7

2X10"7

3X10- '7X10"7

2X10-"5X10-"

4X10-«4X10-»8X10"6

10-52X10-54X10"5

8X10"7

3X10-6

7X10-"2X1O"7

2X10-'3X10-7

5X10"»5X10-"

3X10-7

10-'3X10"7

3X1O-7

10-»2X 10-7

TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and in°J water for occupational exposure—Continued

Radiomiclide and type ofdecav

2jMn*« (0-, y)

(Sol)

(Insol)

26Fe55 (f)

(Sol)

(Insol)

2 ,Fe" (3- y)

(Sol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

GI (LLI)PancreasLiver. _Total Body

jGI (LLI)\Lung-

SpleenLiver. . _ .Total BodyLungGI (LLI)Bone

/LungIGI (LLI)

GI (LLI)Spleen . .Total Body _.LiverLung. _Bone. _

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

?(j"C)

2510

I03

2X103

3X103

4X103

7X103

202030100100

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC)^

4X10-30.20.40.93X10"3

0.020.040.060.070.080.1

0.07

2X1O"S

4X10"3

5X1O"3

6X10"3

0.020.03

(MHO.

8X10"7

6X10-°lO-5

3X10-55X10"7

5XlO-«

9X10"7

2X10"6

2X10- '3X10"6

2X10-55X 10""

10-5

4X1O"7

io-7

2X1O"7

2X10-7

8X10-'

For 168 hour week**

(Ml'C),MC/CC

IO-3

0.050.10.3io-3

0.010.020.030.030.04

0.02

6X10-'10"3

2X10-3

2X10"3

7X1O-3

0.01

3X10"7

2X10- '5X10"«lO-5

2X1O"7

2X10-«

3X10"7

oXlO"7

HX 10-7

9X10-7

2X10-"3X10 7

4X10-8

io-7

5X10-"7X10-»7X10-*3X10-'4X10-'

27Co« («, T, e-)

+, «, 7)

27Coss (0+, e)

„(.'()« (18-, 7)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol) I

/LungIGI (LLI).

GI (LLI)-..Total Body.PancreasLivorSpleenKidneyLungGI (LLI). _ _

CGI (LLI ) . . .Total Body.PancreasLiverSpleen

(.Kidney/Lung\GI (LLI) . . .

200700103

2X10»3X1O3

200800103

2X103

3X103

GI (LLI)Total Body 30Pancreas 200Liver ! 200Spleen i 400Kidney j 600Lung. IGI (LLI)

GI (LLI) __Total Body.PancreasLiverSpleen.

107090200

Kidney _. . ! 200

2X10-3

0.020.070.20.40.70.9

0.01

0.08269

2020

0.06

4X1O"3

0. 010. 060. 080. 10.2

1 0 '4X10-3

0. 020.030. Oo0.07

5X10 s

3X1O-7

3X10-6

6X10-6

2X10"s

2X10-5

(iX10-»8XIO-5

2X10-".2X10"6

2X10-5

10"*5X10-'4X10-'10-3

2X10-39X10-6

10-5

8X10-7

10'65X10-6

4X10-5

10-5

2X IO-5

5X10'8

5X10-'

3X10-7

4X10"7

2X10"9

io-°4X 10-"6X 10-«

5X10-'

5X10"3

0.030.080.10.20.3

4X10-3

0.030.62358

0. 02

4X10"3

0.020. 030. 050.07

9XlO-<

5XlO-<10-3

7X10-3

9XlO->0. 020.03

2X10-"9X 10-"

10"»2X10"6

7X10-°6X10-°2X10"1

3X 10"3

6X10"8

7X1O"7

6X10-*5X10- s

2xlO-<

0X10"1

3X10 1 '4X10-"

3X10"7

3 X 1 0 "2X 10-"10-"4X 10-6

(iX 10^i;

2 X 1 0 "2X10" ;

10-7

io- ;

ox 10-7

oX 10-7

2X10-"2X 10-R

TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Itadionuclide and type ofdecay

i5 8 (e)

2 S Xi" (0-)

28Ni«s (/?-, 7)

(IriKol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

/LungIGI (LLI).

fBoneI Total Body.| LiveriGI (LLI) . . .Lung_ __ _GI ( L L I ) . . .

fBoneTotal Body,

) LiveriGI (LLI).. .Lung _GI (LLI) _ _ -

[GI (ULI). .I BoneTotal Body_

{Liver

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

()

103

3X103

4X103

200900103

41020

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC),

I0"3

6XIO-3

0.010.020.08

0.06

8X10-«4XI0- 3

6XIO-3

0.03

0.02

4X10- 3

0.10.40.5

(MPC),/JC/CC

9XlO-«2X10-?

5X10-'10"«10"6

2X10"5

8XIO-7

10"s

6X10"8

4X10-7

5X10"7

6X10- '3X10-'4X10-«

9X10"7

io-=3X10"5

4X1O-S

For 168 hour week**

(MPC),

3X10-*

2X10"3

4X10-3

6XIO-3

0.03

0.02

3 X 1 0 4

2X10"3

2X10"3

0.01

7X10-'

10"3

0.040.10.2

(MPC).^c/cc

3X10-"6XI0"8

2X10"7

3 X I 0 ' 7

5X1O"7

6X10"°3XI0-7

3X10-«

2X10"8

10"7

2X10~7

2X10-"10"7

3X10"7

3X10"«10-5

IO-5

y)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

( I l lKol )

(Sol)

fGI (ULI).\Lung

fGI (LLI). _SpleenKidneyTotal Body.LiverHeartBrain

fGI (\Lung

Total Body.ProstateLiverKidneyGI (LLI).. .PancreasMuscleOvaryTestisBone

/LungIGI (LLI) ._

GI (LLI)___ProstatePancreasLiverKidneyOvaryTotal Body.Testis-- _.BoneMuscle

103080100200600

607080100

200200300400700

0.7581010303040100

3X10'3

0.010.080.20.50.60.946X10~3

3X10~3

4X10- '4X10-3

6X10-3

6X10-3

7X10- '0.010.010.020.04

5X10"3

2X10'30.010.070.10.20.20.50.50.G2

5XI0"7

5X10-«

2X10 •OX 10"«2X10-"4X10-55X10-57X10"5

3X10-*io-«7xlO-«io- j

1 0 '1 0 '2X10-'io-«3X10- '4X10"'5X10- '6X10"'io-«6X 10 '9X10"'

4X10 '4X10"7

3X10"6

5X1O-6

8X10"6

8X10-"2X10-5

2X10"5

2X10-58X10-5

io-3

3X10"3

0.030.070.20.20.312X10-5

io-3

io-3

io-3

2X10"3

2X10-3

3X10-'4X10- '4X10"3

6X10- '0.01

2X10"3

7X10-1

4X10-3

0.020.050.070.070.20.20.20.7

2X10-'2X10-6

7X10"7

2X10-«5X10"6

10-5

2X10-53X10"5

io-«4X10-'3X10"»

4X10-"4X10"8

5X10"8

7X10-"4X10"7

9X10-"10"7

2X10"'2X10-7

4X10- '2X 10-»3X10"7

2X10^'1 0 7

9X10-7

2X10-6

3X10- '3X10- '6X10-«6XlO-«7X10-6

3X10-5

TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdecay

,,Ga'2 ((3-, y)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

fGI (LLI).I Lung

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

GI (S)_ProstatePancreasLiverOvaryKidneyTestisBoneTotal Body.

^MusclefGI(S)\Lung

(GI (LLI)LiverTotal Body.BoneSpleenKidney

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

G)

0.85102020304050200

510101010

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC)./

2X10-

0.050.2134491010600.05

920202020

(MPC)0A1C/CC

3X10-'2X1O"«

7X10-«5X10"5

10-'io-«2X10"«3X10-"4X10-<5X10-*2X10"3

9XlO-«5X10-5

2X10-7

4X10-«8X10-«10~5

io-»io-5

For 168 hour week**

(MPC).jiC/CC

6X10-*

0.020.070.5112335200.02

(MPC),,/ic/cc

io-7

8X10"7

4X10-»2 X 1 0 6

2X10"5

4X1O-5

5X10"5

5X10-5

10-*io-<2X10-1

7X10-*3X10-"2X10-'i

8X10-»io-6

3X10"8

3Xl0"«4X 10"6

4X10-"

3 2 Ge" (c)

«, y)

0-, /3+, «, 7)

J3As« (0-. 7)

a3As"(/3-, 7)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Iusol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(lnsol)

(Sol)

/GI (LLI).iLung

(GI (LLI) . . .I Kidney\ LiverI'fotsl Body./Lung\GI (LLI)....

GI (LLI)._.Total Body.KidneyLiver..

(Lung\GI (LLI)-.

GI (LLI).. -Total Body.KidneyLiver

/Lung\GI L

GI (LLI) . . .Total Body.KidneyLiverGI (LLI)..Lung

GI (LLI) _Total Bod\KidneyLiver

10010J

2X105

300600103

4080100

202040

80100200

10-3

0.0510100200

0.05

0.010.20.30.5

0.01

2X1O-3

0.070.10.2

2X10-3

6X10-*0.40.G16X10-*

2X10-'224

2X10"7

10-5

5X10-6X10-9X10"6X10-8X10-

3X10-"2X10-'4X10-*6X10- '4X10"7

2X10"9

3X10"'8X10-'2X 10-«3X10- '10-7

3X10-'

10-7

5X10-"8X10-«10"5

10-7

6X10-7

5X10- '2X I0-5

2X10-5

5X10-5

4X10-*

0.0245070

0.02

5X10-'0.060.10.2

5X10-'

5X10-40.020.050.08

5X10-*

2X10-*0.10.20.4

8XIO-4

0.50.71

6X1O-8

4X10-'

4Xl0-«2X10-52X10-*3X10-"2X10"6

3X10-fi

10"6

7X10"7

io-«2X10- '10-'8X10"7

10-'3X10"7

6XIO-7

io-«4X10-"9X10~s

4X10"s

2X10-"3X IO«5X10-6

3 X 1 0 "2X10-7

2X1O"7

7X10"6

8X10-s

2X10-'

TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdecay

, 7)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

3-, 7) (Sol)

(Insol)

36Kr8sin (0-, 7) (Immersion)

36Kr83 (0-) (Immersion)

3«Kr"7 (0-,?) (Immersion)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

GI (LLI)Lung

(KidneyTotal Body.

< LiverSpleen

\G\ (LLI). . ./Lung\GI (LLI).,.

/Total Body.\GI (SI ) . . . .JGI (LLI)...\Lung

Total Body.

Total Body.

Total Body.

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

()

90100100200

10

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC).MC/CC

2X10-3

9X10-30.010.010.020.07

8X10-3

8X10-38XIO-3

10-3

(MPC)0

4X10"7

2X10-«

2X10"6

3X 10-«2X10"5

1 0 '

10-"2X10- '2 X 1 0 7

0X10" r

6X10-6

10

For 168 hour week**

(MPC)_ (MPC).

8X10-

3 X 1 0 3

4X10"3

8X10- '0.03

3X10-3

3X10-33X10-34X1O"4

10-7

0X10"7

4X10"7

5X10"7

,5X 10-7

io-»6X10"6

4 X 1 0 "5X10-'

4X10"7

CX10"7

6X10-"2XI0" r

3X10"6

2 X 1 0 7

3 ,Rb« ((3-, y)

37Rb»' (0-)

5,n ( e > y )

»Srs» (0-)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Total Body.Pancreas. . .LiverSpleen .MuscleGI (LLI ) . .LungGI (LLI)

/Pancreas .Total Body.

JLiverI MuscleSpleen

iGI (LLI ) . ./Lung\GI (LLI)...

(GI (SI){Total Body.[BonefGI (SI)I Lung

Total Body.Bone(11 (LLI)__.LungGI (LLI).

fBoneGI (LL1)_.Total Bodv.

i/Lung!\GI (LLI).

3030405070

200200200400400

5070

6070

4

40

2X10- '2X10-*3X10"3

3X10"3

5X 10-3

0.01

7 X 1 0 4

3X10"3

4X 10"'5X10- '7X10- '7X1O"3

0.1

5X10-3

0.2350.2

3X10-3

4X10-:l

7X10-3

5X10- : f

3 X 1 0 '10-2X10-3

8X10-"

3X10- '3X10- '4X10- '5X10- '7X.10-'3X10"6

7X 10"8

10-'

5X10- 'ox 10-'7X10-'io-«io-«2X10-5

7X10-"9X10"'

4X10-5

2X10-1

4X10- '3X10 s

9X10-5

2X10- '4X10- '2X10-"1 0 '9 X 1 0 '

3X10" s

3X10- '2X10- '4X 10-"10-'

7X10<7X10-«10"3

10-3

2X10"3

5X10"3

2X1O~<

l O 3

2X10-3

2X10-3

2X1O-3

2X10"3

0.03

2X10-3

0.07120.07

io-:i

2X10- '2X10-3

2X10 -3

1 0 *4X10-*7X10-*

3X10- '

1 0 '10-'10-'2X 10-'2X10- 'io-«2 X 1 0 *4X10-*

2X10- '2X10- '2X10- '4X10- '4X10- '8X10-fi

2 X 1 0 "3X10- '

10 5

8X10-5

10-'10-5

3X10-5

8X10-»10"'5 X 10-'4 X 1 0 "3X10 '

10»9X10-"oxio-»1 0 s

5X10-"

os T A B L E 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations for radionuclides in air and in0 0 water for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdecay

3 8Si*>

38Sr»' (0", y)

,»Sr« (0", y)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

BoneTotal Body.GI

[Lung\GI

(GI (LLI)I Bone[Total Body.?GI (LLI)....ILung _.

[GI (ULI). . .\ BoneI Total Body.IGI ( /ILung

(GI (LLI).._|BoneTotal Body.

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

()

220

320

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC)B

/

4X10"6

10"s

40-n-3

io-3

2X100.020.07io-3

2X10"3

0.050.22X10"3

6X10-*1080

(MFC),/ic/cc

3X10"10

9X10"'°3X10 7

5X10"2X10-'

4 X 1 0 '2X10"c

6X10"8

3X10"7

4X10-'4X10-"2X10 ' s

3 X 1 0 '3X10-"

10"7

5X10-'3X10- '

For 168 hour wcok**

(MPC)«,

104X10-8

5X10"4

4X10-*

7X10-*7X10-1

0.025X10*

7X10"4

0.020.076X10"4

2 X 1 0 4

430

(MI'C).

3X10 1"10-'2X10"6 X 1 0 "

2X10 7

5X10-'2X10"6

9X10"4X10"'

2X10-'2X10"6

6X10-"10-'

4X10"2X10-'10-"

3,Y<"m (0",

,Y" (p-, y)

9Y» (S", 7, c-)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Tnsol)

fGI (LLI).\Lung

IGI ( S I ) . . - -< Bone[Total Body-GI (SI)Lung

fGI ( L L I ) - -<BoneI Total Body-/Lung\GI (LLI). .-

GI (ULI).--BoneTotal Body.GI (ULI).-Lung

fGI (LLI)---Bonc

[Total Body.JGI (LLI)I L

GI (LLI).--BoneKidneySpleenTotal Body.Liver_

/Lung\GI (LLI) _

520

530

210

210

100300500900103

6X10-*

0.1103

6X103

0.1

8X10-*0.85

8X10-*

2X10-'1008002X10-8

8X10-'50

2508X10-*

0.0236102030

0.02

10-'3X10-'

2 X 1 0 5

6X10"5

2X10-*2X10"5

4X10-5

2X10-'4X10"8

2X10-'3X10"1 0 '

4 X 1 0 '6X10-'3X10-5

3X10-'3X10-«

2X10-'2X 10-"10-510-'io-«5X10-«1 0 '3X10- '4X10- '8X 10"'10~«3 X 1 0 '4X10-"

2X10-*

0.034002X103

0.03

3 X 1 0 *0.32

3 X 1 0 *

6 X 1 0 '403006X10<

3X10 '2090

3X10-<. _. .

8X10-3

0.92369

8X10"'

3X10»10 7

8X10"6

2X10-s

8X10-5

6X10-"10-5

6X10-"io-»8X10-"10 *5X10-»

10-'2X10-'10-51 0 'io-6

6 X 1 0 8

7X10- '4X10-"5X10-"4X 10"'

2X 10^6

4X10-"9X10-"10-'3X10" '4X 10-'10-'10-"

TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuctides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Rudionuclido and type ofdecav

40Zr" ((3-, y, e").

(Sol)

(Insol)

40Zr»7 (/3~, 7)

(Sol)

(Insol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

fGI (LLI)Total Body

1 Bono . _ .| KidnevLiver

^Spleen(Lun&\GI (LLI)

GI (LLI)BoneKidnev. _ . -Total BodyLiver . . .Spleen

fGI (LLI)\Lune

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal bodv

<?(̂ e)

2030304040

580

1010

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC),MC/CC

2X10-3

34467

2X10-3

5X10*60

1001002002005X10-*

(MPC),>ic/cc

4X 10-'1 0 '2X10-'2X 10-'3X10-'3X10-"3 X 1 0 8

3X10-'

10-'3X10-6

5X 10"6

5X 10-»7X 10-"8X10-"9 X 1 0 "6X10-'

For 168 hour week**

(MPC),MC/CC

6X10-*12222

6X10-*

2X10-*20404000002X10-*

(MPt),MC/CC

10-'4 X 1 0 -oxio-1-6X 10-"9 X 1 0 -10-'1 0 -10-'

4 X 1 0 -JO-«2X 10""2X 10-'3X 10-"3X 10-"3 X 1 0 -2 X 10-

4 1 Nb» (18-, 7)

4 1 N b " (/S-, 7)

(0-.

(Sol)

(Iiisol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

GI )BoneKidneySpleenLiverTotal Body.LungGI (LLI)_._

GI (LLI) . .Total Body.LiverKidneyBoneSpleenLungGI (LLI) _.

GI ( U L I ) . . .BoneKidneyTotal Body_LiverSpleen

IG1 (ULI).\Lung _ _

KidneyGI (LLI)LiverTotal Body.GI (LLI)Lung. .

200300400400500

4000608080

1020203030

2040

0.01355f>

0.01

3X10-3

1020202020

3 X 1 0 3

0.032X103

4X103

4X1O3

4X103

5X103

0.03

5 X 1 0 '7X10-'0. 01.0.021 0 '

3X10-»1 0 '2X10"7

2X10"'3X10- ;

3X10- ;

2 X 1 0 '2X10-9

6X10"'5X10"7

7X10-'8XIO-7

9 X 1 0 'io-«10-7

5X10-'

6X10"6

9X10-5

2X 10-'2X 10-'2X 1 0 '2X 10-'5 X 1 0 6

2X10"5

7X10-'2X10-8

2X 10-'3X 10-"2X10- '5X10-'

4X10-'12223

4 X 1 0 3

10-3

46677

10"3

9X10 3

700103

103

2X1O3

2X 103

9X10"3

2 X 1 0 3

2X10"3

,iX 10"3

8X lO-3

4X10 '

9 X 1 0 '4X10»7X 10-'8X10-"9X 10-»10-'5 X 1 0 "7X10-'

2X10 '2X10 '3X10- ;

3X10-'3X 10-'3X10-'3 X 1 0 8

2X10-'

2X10 '3X10 -5

6X 10-5

6X10- '7X 10-3

7X10- :

2X10 '7X 10-"

3X10 ',iX 10 'o x 10-'1 0 "7X10 "2X10-'

TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure— Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdecay

43Tc"m («, 7, e~)

(Sol)

(Insol)

<3Tc»« (e, 7)

(Sol)

(Insol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

(GI (LLI).Kidney _ _Total BodyLiver. .LungBoneSkin..

/Lung\GI (LLI)

(GI (LLI)KidneyTotal BodyLiver.LungBoneSkin.. . .

fGI (LLI)\Lung

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

60708002X103

10*2X101

10102005002X108

10*

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC).JlC/CC

0.43440130700800

0.3

3X10- '0.030.030.41420io-s

(MPC)a/iC/CC

8X10-5

4X10-*4X10-*4X10-'0.010.080.093X1O"5

5X10-"

6X10-'3X10- '4X10-*4X10-'10-4

5X10~4

3X10- '2X10-7

3X10- '

For 168 hour week**

(MPC),nc/cc

0.1111440200300

0.1

io-«0.010.010.10.4195X10-*

(MPC)O/»c/cc

3X10-5

10-*io-«10-3

5X10- '0.030.0310"s

2X10-5

2X10- 'io-«io-«10-5

4X10-5

2X10-'9X10-*8X10-8

9X10"8

,3Tc»7m (e, 7. e")

<.,TcM™

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(GI (KidneyTotal Body.LiverSkinBoneLung

/Lung\GI (L

/GI (LLI)...KidneyLiverTotal Body-BoneLungSkin

fLunaIGI (LLI)...

CGI (ULI).__Total Body.KidneyLiverLungBoneSkin

f"GI (ULI)...\Lung

202002005007002X10'

6080010'6X10'9X10'3X10*

20080010*2X10*105

105

0.010.030.40.4114

5X10-'

0.050.122102060

0.02

0.227100200103

10'0.08

2X10-94X10-6

4X10-5

5X10-5

io-*io-*4X10-*2X10-7

9X10-7

lO"5

10-52X10-*2X10-*10-32X10- '6X10- '3X10-7

4X10-«

4X10"5

2X10-*8X10-*0.010.020.10.110-58X10"5

4X10'3

0.010.10.10.30.51

2X10-3

0.020.040.50.64620

8X10'3

0.060.8330704004000.03

8X10-'io-«2X10-5

2X10-5

4X1O-5

5X10-52X10-"5X10~8

3X10"7

4X10-'4X10-'6X10-57X10- s

4X10-*7X10-*2X10-3

io-7

io-»

10-59X10-53X10-*4X10"3

8X10"3

0.040.045X10-83X10-5

*- TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdecav

.3Tc'» (0-)

,,Ru»7 (t, y, e-)

y>

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

()KidneyLiver __Total Body.SkinBoneLungLungGI (L

[GI (LLII KidneyI Total Body.[Bone.GI (LLI).._.Lung

GI (LLI)___KidneyTotal Body_Bone

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

( )

102002004005002X10a

30100900

2050100

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC),/ic/cc

0.010.020.30.40.70.94

5X10-3

0.010.42100.01

2X10- '0.080.20.6

(MPC)a/ic/cc

2X1O"8

3X10-»4XI0-'54X10"5

7X10-5

9X10"5

4X10-*6X1O"9

8X10"7

2X10"«5X10-«3X10"s

2X10-*2X10-'2X10-'

5X10"7

10"6

3X10-6

7X10"«

For 168 hour week"

(MPC).MC/CC

3X10"3

8X10"3

0.10.10.20.31

2X10"3

4X10">0.10.753X10-'

8X10-«0.030.080.2

(MPC).AlC/CC

7X10"7

9X10"'

3X10- s

3X10-5

io-«2 X 1 0 9

3X10- '

8X10"7

10-«9X10-"6X10-5

6X 10"7

7X10"7

2X10-7

3X10"7

9X10-7

2X10- '

<4Rn'°s (/S-, 7,

- , 7)

4SRh'03» (7, e~)

4SRh'»5 (18-, 7)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

Lung . _GI (LLI)

GI (ULI)___KidneyTotal "Body.Bone

If'GI (ULI). . .:\Lung

fGII Kidney.. _..1 Bone."\Total Body./Lung\GI (LLI)...

(GI (S)Kidney

J Spleen|] Total Body.

LiverABonefGI (S)

:\Lung

(GI ( L L I ) . . .BoneKidney.SpleenTotal Body.Liver

fGI (LLI)\Lung

22040

31010

200200400700103

2004060100200

2X10"3

3 X 1 0 '0.3363X1O-3

4X10-'0.010.040.06

3X10-1

0.4203040801000.3

4X1O-3

8XIO-3

0.10.20.40.63 X 1 0 3

8X10" 8

4X10"7

7X10-'3X10"6

4X10-5

8XIO-5

5 X 1 0 7

4X10"6

8X10-8

10-7

5X10"7

7X10-1

6XlO-»6X10-"

8XIO-5

10-3

2X10"3

3X10"3

5X10"3

9X10"3

6X1O"S

3X10-*

8XIO-7

5X10"5

9X10-»io-«2X10-5

4X10-5

5X10"7

2X10-«

8X10-IO-3

0.090.92lO"3

10-"4X10-30.010.02

0.17102030500.1

10"3

3X10"3

0.050.070.10.210-3

3X10»10-7

2X10-'10-»10-»3X10-52X10-'

3X10-8

5X10-82X10"7

3X10-'2X10-»2X10-8

3X10-5

4X10-*6X10-*10-3

2X10"3

3X10-3

2X10-5

3X10-'2X10-53X10-«5X10"6

7X10-'10-52X10-7

8XIO-7

*- TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations for radinnuclides in air and in0 1 water for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdecay

6Pd">3

4,Pd'<» (0", 7,

U, y)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

!

GI (LLI). . .Kidney . . . .SpleenLiverTotal Body.LungGI ( L L I ) . .

(GI ( L L I ) . . .Kidney

< SpleenLiver

iTotal Body.fGI (LLI)." .\Lung

/GI (LLI) _ . .Total Body.

< KidneyLiver

iBone

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

Max/mum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

20100100300

7304050

303070200

(MPC),

0.010.020.10.10.4

8X 10-3

3X10"3

0.060.30.30.42X10-3

3X10-3

0.60.714

(MPC)a>»c/cc

2X10- '

8X10- '8X10-*2X10"5

7X10-7

6X10"7

4X10- '2X10"3

2X10- s

3X10- '4X10"7

3X10-«

6XIO-7

3X10-6

3X10- '6X10-«2X10-5

For 168 hour week"

(MPC)./

3X10"3

7X10"3

0.040.040.1

3X10"3

9X10-4

0.020.090.10.17X10-*

l O " 3

0.20.20.51

(MPC).jic/cc

8X 10-'5X10-'3X10-»3X10- '8X10-6

3X10-7

5X1O"7

2X10"lO-8

5X10-"7X10-"9X10"6

10-'

2X10-7

10-9

10"6

2X10"«6X10-»

7)

47Ag'» (0-, y)

,8Cd10«

(/3-, T, e")

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

/Lung\GI (LLI).

GI (KidneyTotal Body.LiverBone

/Lung\GI (LLI).. .

CGI (LLI) . . .Kidney

{Total Body.Bone

iLiverfGI (LLI) , . .ILung

GI(CLLI)__LiverKidneyTotal Body.LungGI (LLI)___

GI ( L L I ) . _Liver .KidneyTotal Body.

/Lung\GI (LLI)..

10102040

20506080

2020200

3430

3X1O 3

9X10<0.20.20.40.7

9X10-'

10-30.712210~3

5X10-3

0.050.05 "0.5

5X10-3

7X10-*0.030.040.4

7X10-

8X10»5X10-'

2X10-'8X10"1

9X10-'2X10-°3X10"6

10-8

2X10-'

3 X 1 0 '3X10-«6X10-"8X10-8

io-»2X10-'3X10"'

io-»5X10-"6X10-"5X 10"'7X10-*9X10-'

2X10- '4 X 1 0 "4X10»4X10-'4X10*10"'

10"3

3X10*0.060.070.10.2

3X10*

4X10-*0.20.50.60.84X10- '

2X10-3

0.020.020.2

2X10"3

3 X 1 0 4

0.010.010.1

3X10*

3X10"8

2X10-'

7X10"8

3X10-1

3X10"'5X10"'10-"3X10"»5X10"8

10-'lO-6

2X10-«3X10-«3X10-88X10"8

9X 10"8

4X10"'2X10"8

2X10-"2X10"'3 X 1 0 8

3X10"'

6X10"8

io-8

2X10"8

10-'1 0 s

4X 10"8

TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdecay

,«Cd"5 (S- T, e") (Sol)

(Insol)

,,In"»" (y, e-) (Sol)

(Insol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

GI (LLI)LiverKidney . .Total Body

fGI (LLI).l Lune

/•GI (ULI)KidneySpleenLiver

| Total BodyBoneSkinThyroid -

fGI (ULI).ILung

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal bodv

9<MC)

3530

3030507090100500

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC),,

10~3

0.60.8510-3

0.042002003004006009003X103

0.04

(MPC)OMC/CC

2X10"7

6X10- '8X10- '5X10-«2X10"7

6X10"7

8X10-*2X10-*2X10-*3X10"4

4X10- '5X10-4

8X10-*3X10"3

7X10-65X10"5

For 168 hour week'*

(MPO.MC/CC

3X10"'0.20.324X10-*

0.017070100200200300103

0.01

(MPC).

8X10"8

2X1O"7

3X10- '2X10-"6 X 1 0 8

2X10-7

3X10- '6X10"5

6X10"5

9X10-5

2Xl0"«3X10-*10"3

2X10-6

2X10-5

Jn"4 '" (0-, f, 7,

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(lusol)

(Sol)

(IlLSol)

CGI (LLI) .KidneySpleenLiverHoneSkinTotal Body

V Thyroid..'./Lung\GI (LLI)

GI (ULI) __.KidneySpleenLiverTotal Body.ThyroidBone

ISkinGILung

GI (LLI)Kidney.__SpleenLiver .BoneSkinTotal Bodv

iThyroicL."..LungGI (LLI)

671010202050

303050SO8090100

30405060801003X103

5X10- '0.10.10.20.30.40.40.9

5 X 1 0 "

0.0180801002002002003000.01

3X10 '0.30.40.50.60.8130

3X10-

1 0 '1 0 '10-'2X10"'2X10-'3X10- '4X10"'8X10-'2 X 1 0 "8 X 1 0 "

2 X 1 0 "7X10-57X10-510"*2X10-4

2X10-*2X 10-<3X10-*2X10-8

2X10-5

6X10"'2X10-'3X10-'4X10"'5X10-'7X10-'10-f'2X10-53X 10"5X10-'

2X10'4

0.040.040.070.090.10.10.3

2X10"4

4Xl0~3

3030406070701004X10' 5

9 X 1 0 "0.10.10.10.20.30.49

9 X 1 0 "

4 X 1 0 "4 X 1 0 "4 X 1 0 "6 X 1 0 "8 X 1 0 "10"'10-'3X10"'7 X 1 0 9

3 X 1 0 "

8X10"'2X10-5

2X10-54X10-56X10-5

6X10-56X 10-51 0 "6X10-'6X10-6

2X10- '9 X 1 0 "10-'10-'2X10-'2X10-'3X10-'8X10-6

io-»2X10-'

TABLK 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations nf radinnuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdecay

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

()

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC)_ (MPC).

For 168 hour week**

(MPC).MC/CC

(MPC)0MC/CC

50Sii"3 (c, 7, e-)

0Sn'»

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

GI (LLI).BoneTotal Body.ProstateLiverThyroid

/Lung\GI (LLI)

GI (LLI).BoneProstateTotal Body.LiverThyroidLungGI (LLI) . . .

GI ( L L I ) . . .Total Body.Lung "_.BoneLiverThvroid

306070400103

71020100300

204040103

3X103

2X10-3

0.020.040.040.30.9

2 X 1 0 3

5X10-*0.020.030.050.30.8

5X10-

8X10-0.30.50.51040

5X10-'4 X 1 0 '8X10"'9X10"7

5X10"6

2X10"5

5X10-8

4X10"7

10 '3X10-'6X10-'io-»7X10"6

2X10"5

8X10"8

9X10"s

2X10"?4X10"6

6X10-"6X10"6

2X10-*4X10-*

9X10-*6X10"3

0.010.020.090.3

8X10-'

2X10-*6X10"3

9X10"3

0.020.10.3

2X10-*

3 X 1 0 '0.10.20.2410

2X10"7

lO"7

3X10-7

3X10"7

2X10-«6X10"6

2X10-"io-7

4X10"8

lO" 7

2X10"7

4X10"7

2X10-«5X10- '3X10-8

3X10"8

6X10"8

io-«2X10"8

2X10"6

5X10-5

2X10-*

!{Sn(B

L L I )--iSb'2 ' (/S-, 7)

1Sb'»

52Te125"' (7,

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

GI (LLI)Total BodyLuiiK ..BoneLiverThyroid.,LungGI (LLI)

(GI (LLI) . .Lung

I Total Body _1 Bone.. . ._.

Liver .^ThyroidLungGI (LLI)_

(KidneyGI (LLI)TestisSpleen .LiverTolal BodyBone.ThyroidLungGI (LLI)

10203080010*

4060703X1O3

7X10*

29

2050100100100500

8xlO-<

7X10-'0.020.020.04120

7X10"

3X10"3

0.040.05O.Ofi360

3X10"3

5X 10-'5X10"3

0X10-3

0.020.040.040.040.2

3X10- '

io-4X

2X2X3X5X102X2X

10-7

10-7

10-7

10-'10-7

10-*1 0 "

lO"7

6X5X6Xsx3X7X3X5X

4X10-5X10-3X3X3 x101 fl-ex

10-7

10-7

10-7

10-7

10~s

10-*1 0 "10-7

10-7

fi

10-7

fi

10-"1 0 "i o - «

10-7

3X10"4

2X10<6XIO-3

8X10-30.010.46

2X10-*

10-3

0.010.020.020.920

10"3

2X10-3

2 X 1 0 3

2 X 1 0 3

6XIO-3

0.010.010.020.05

5X10 s

10"7

5X10*7X10-"10-7

2X10"7

4X10"«7X10-5

7X10-»4X10-8

2X10-'2X10-'2X10 7

2X10-7

10-'2X10- '9 X 1 0 "2X10"7

10-7

4X10-7

2X10"7

4X10-7

9X10^ ;

10-"10-r'4X10-"4 X 1 0 "2X10"7

u> TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdecay

i2Te'"m (0~, y, e-)

(Sol)

(Insol)

52Tc'" i/S")

(Sol)

(Insol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

/KidneyTestisGI (LLI)SpleenBoneLiverTotal BodyThyroid

/Lung\GI (LLI)

/•GI (LLI)KidnevTestisSpleenTotal BodvBoneLiverThyroid . -

fGI (LLI)\Lung

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

77

20505060200

20205080100100100

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC)KMC/CC

2X10-3

2X10-52X10-56X10-50.010.010.020.05

2X10-5

8X10-50.10.20.50.81115X10-5

(MPC)Olic/cc

10-'10 -5X10-'5X10-'9X10-7

io-»io-«4X10-°4X10"8

3X10-'

2X10-fl

10-s

10"5

4X10-*6X10-5

7X10-5

9X10"5

io-<9X10-7

8X10"6

For 168 hour week**

(MFC),MC/CC

6X10"4

7X10-1

8X10-"2X10-3

4X10-55X10-56X10-50.02

5X10-4

3X10-50.050.050.20.30.30.40.52X10-5

(MPC)O^c/cc

5 X 1 0 "5 X 1 0 a

2X10-'2X10-'3X10-'4X10-'4X10-'10-"1 0 "9X10 8

6 X 1 0 '4X10"6

4X10"6

io-5

2X10"5

2X1O"5

3X10"s

4X10"5

3X10 '3X10-'

5jTei29m (0", 7, e-

l2Te131m (0-,

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(GI (LLI)KidneyTestisSpleenTotal BodyLiverBono

iThyroid(Lung _ _.1GI (LLI)

fGI(S)KidneyTcstisSpleenTotal Body.LiverBone

I/Thyroid(GI (ULI). . .ILung

GI (LLI)KidneyTotal Body_SpleenLiverBoneThyroid

/GI (LLI)iLung

331020202070

562020404060

41020305050

10"3

10"3

4X1O"3

6X10' 3

8X10"3

9X10"3

0.03

6X10-

0.020.40.4123340.02

0.010.040.050.090.10.210-3

2X10"7

8X10"»9X10-8

3X10"'5X10-'6X10"7

6X10"7

2X10"8

3 X 1 0 8

10'7

5X10 83X10"5

3X10"5

2X10-«2X10-1

3X10~<4X10-»2X10"1

4X1O-7

io-6

3X10-°4X10"»7X10-»10'510-5

2 X 1 0 7

6X10"7

3 X 1 0 *4X10-*4X10"4

lO"3

2X10"3

3X10-3

3X10"3

8X 10-3

2X10"4

8X10-*0.10.20.50.51118XIO-3

5X10"3

0.010.020.030.050.064X10-*

7XI0-"3X10-8

3X10-"9X10-8

2X10"7

2X10"7

2X10"7

6XIO-7

10"4X10"8

2X10"

.3X10-5

4X10-*7X10"5

8X10-5

7XlO-fl

10"7

3X10-7

10""io-«2X10~6

4X10-6

4X10-6

6X1O-8

2X1O-7

TABLK 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdecay

(Sol)

(Insol)

J3I"« (/S-, t, y)

J3I12B (/S-, 7, e~)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

(G\ (KidneyTestis".Total Body.SpleenLiverBone.ThyroidfGI (LLI)I Lung

[ThyroidTotal Body.

I d (LLI).__LungGI (L

[ThyroidTotal Body.

lGI (LLI) . . .Lung__GI (LLI) . . .

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

()

35

1010203050

]90

3200

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC),

9X10-4

5X10-3

7X10"3

0.020.020.030.050.076X10*

5X10"5

6X10-3

0.05

3X10-'

10"5

2X10-'0.1

6X10-'

(MPC),,MC/CC

2X10-7

4X10-'5X10"'

2X10-"4X10-«5X10"«1 0 '2X10"7

8X10-»9X10"7

10-s3X10-'5X10"7

2X10-"2X10"7

3X10-5

7 X 1 0 8

For 168 hour week**

(MPC)U/

3X10-<2X10-3

2X10"3

5X10-3

6X10-30. 010.020. 022X10-*

2X10-52X10-'0.02

9X10-*

4X10-«

0.04

2X10-3

(MPC)a

7 X 1 0 8

10-'2X10"'4X10-'4X10-'8X10"'

4X10-8

7X10"8

3X10"9

3X1O"7

4X10"«10-'2X10-'

6X10-'°7X10"8

9X10-«2X10"8

4X10-'

53I13- (0", 7, e~)

0", 7, C-)

r, 7)

(/3-, 7,

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

MXC131'" (7, e~) (IiiiiiKTsion)

S4XC111 (7, e~) (Immersion)

51Xe135 ((3~, 7) (Immersion)

I Thyroid.Total Body

| C I (T .LI) . : .JGI (LLI

ThyroidGI (SI)Total Body.

/GI "

f ThyroidGI (SI)

I Total Body./GI (LLI)\Lung

[Thyroid...GI (S)

[Total Body.GI (S)...."..

[ThyroidGI (SI)

[Total Body ./GI (LLI).:\Lung

Total Body..

Total Body.

0.750

0.3

10

0.3

26"

0.2

0.3

26"

Total Body

6XIO-5

5X10"3

0.032X10-3

2X10 3

0.010.15X10 3

2X10-*0.020.0210"3

4X10-3

0. 020.30.02

7X10"4

0.010.052X10 3

9 X 1 0 - 9

8XIO-7

7X10"«3X10"7

3X10";

2X10"7

3X10-8

2X10-5

9X10-7

7X10-"

3 X 1 0 s

4X10-«4X10-"2X10-'

5X10-7

4X10-»5 X 1 0 5

3 X 1 0 "

10-'3X10"6

7X10-"4X10";

3X 10-"

2X10 s

10 5

4X10-6

2X10"5

2X10"3

0. 016X10-'

6X10-*4X10-3

0.042X10-3

7 X 1 0 5

6XIO-3

9X10-3

4X10"4

10-36X10-30.16XIO-3

2 X 1 0 4

5X 10-30.027X1O"«

3X10"9

3X1O"7

2X10-6

10-7

10-7

8X10"9X1O"7

6X10"«3X10 •2X10-«

10-"io-«7X10 »4X10"7

2X10"7

10-6

2X10"1

io-»7Xl0-B

4X10^io-»3X 10-B

10-7

io-fi

4X10-°

3X10"6

10"

- ' TABLK 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Kadiomiclide and type ofdecay

ssCs'" («)

5sCs134m (&-, y, 0")

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Tnsol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

(Total BodyLiverSpleenKidneyMuscleGI (SI)Bone

K/Lung\GI (LLI)

(GI (S ) ._ .Total Body.LiverSpleen .KidneyMuscleBone

fGI (ULI).\Lung

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

()

70080010'103

2X103

8X 103

104

1001002002002006002X103

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC).

0.070.090.10.10.20.50.91

0.03

0.20.711224100.03

(MPC).MC/CC

10s

10"5

2X10- '2X10"5

3X10-5

10"4

10-'2X10-*3 X 1 0 «5X10-6

4 X 1 0 5

2X10-"2X10"4

2X10"4

6X10-4

2X10"3

6X10"3X10"5

P'or 168 hour week**

(MPC).nc/cc

0.020.030.040.050.070.20.30.4

9X10"3

0.060.30.30.50.60.6140.01

(MPC)O

nc/cc

4 X 1 0 6

4 X 1 0 °6X10-6

7X10-6

lO-5

4X10" s

4X10"5

5 X 1 0 5

10 -«2X10-"

io-»4X10 5

5X10- '7X10"5

8X10"5

9X10-5

2X10-4

6X10"4

2X10-6

10"5

55Cs'« (/J-, 7)

3", 7)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Tnsol)

(Total Body,LiverMuscleSpleen. __ .KidneyBoneLung

vGI ( S I ) - . . .LungGI(LLI)--.

(LiverSpleenTotal BodyBoneMuscleKidneyLung

IGI (LGI (Lung

Total Body.LiverSpleen _..Muscle. _ _KidnevGT (sf) ..BoneLungLungGI (LLI)__.

2030304090200300

2003003004005006002X103

30GO8090100

400800

3X10 *4X10-*4X10-"6X10-*10-'2X10-3

4X10"3

0.01

10"3

3X10 3

4X10-3

4X10-3

6XIO-3

6XIO-3

9X10"3

0.030.17X10 3

2X10 3

5X10"3

7X1O"3

8XIO-3

8XIO-3

0.020.03O.Ofi

2X10 3

4X10-"6X10-*6X10-8

9X10-9

2X10"7

3X10-7

5X10-7

3X10"6

10"2 X 1 0 7

5X10 7

5X10 -t6X10-'8XIO-7

9X10"7

10-6

4X10-6

3X10"1

io-«9X10 «4X10 -'•7X1O-7

10- '<5Xl0-«4X10-"9X 10-"2X10-3X10"7

2X10"4

2X1O"4

4X10-4

7X1O"4

10"3

5X10-3

4X10

10 3

10 3

2X10"3

2X1O"3

3X10-3

0.010.052X10 3

9X10^2X10^3

2X10"3

3X10-'3X10-3

8X10"3

0.010.02

6X10 <

2X10-"2X10"8

3 X 1 0 -6X10-"10-7

2X10"7

10-"4X10 •7X10-"

2X10-7

2X10-7

2X10 7

3X10-7

3X10"7

4X10-7

10"r'10"5

4X10-7

3X10 a

I0-7

2 X 1 0 -4X1O^7

4X 10~7

4X10^7

2X10-6

2X10 B

3X10-*6X10 s

10 7

TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater }or occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuelide and type ofdecay

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

()

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC). (MPC)ajtc/cc

For 168 hour week'

(MPC)B (MI'C).

5SCs'» (0-, y, e")

"> («, y)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

fTotal Body.LiverSpleenMuscleBoneKidneyLungGI (SI)

/Lung\GI (LLI)__.

30405050100100300

4 X I0"<5X10-'6X10-«7X10"<io-»10-'5X10-'0.02

GI (LLI)___Total Body.BoneLiverMuscleLungSpleen

^ Kidney/Lung1GI L

508010*2X10*2X104

3X104

4X104

1 0 '

5X10"3

0.10.12040406070

S X I O '

6X10-*8X10-8

9X10-*10-'2X10-'2X10-'6X10-'5X10-«10~8

2X10- '

2X10-«3X10-«4X10-*7X10-*7X10-*10"'io-»4X10-'9X1O"?

2X10-2X10-2X10"2X10-5X10-5X10"2X10"8X10-

4X10-4

2X10-3

0.030.05710102020

2X10-'

2X10"8

3X10"8

3X10"8

4X10"8

7 X 1 0 "8X10-"2X10"7

2X10-»5X10 -•8X10"8

4X10-'7X10"'

2X10- '2X10-*4X10-'5X10"1

10-'3X10"7

,Ba»» ( r , y)

57La'<° (0-, 7)

", 7)

- , 7)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(GI (LLI).BoneTotal Body.LiverLungMuscleSpleen

\Kidncy/Lung\GI (L

[GI (LLI)___I Liver| Bone[Total Body.fGI (LLI) . . .\Lung

fGI (LLI)Liver

< BoneKidney

l,Total Body.LungG I ( L L I ) . . .

(GI (LLI)Liver.

< BoneKidney

I Total BodyGI (LLI) _Lung

49103

3X103

3X103

4X103

4X103

91010

30407090

7102020

8X10-*6X10"3

0.0124568

7X10"4

7X10*5060607X10-'

3XI0- 3

10102030

5070100100io-3

2X10"7

io-7

3X10-'5X10-5

9X10"3

10-*io-4

2X10"4

4X10-8

10-'2 X 1 0 '2X10-"2X10-»2X10-°io-7

4X10"7

6X10"7

4X1O"7

6X1O7

9X10-7

io-«2X10"7

5X10-'

3X10"7

2X10-6

3X10-6

5X10"6

6X10-"2 X 1 0 7

6X10"7

3X10"4

2X10"3

5X10"3

0. 92223

2X1O14

2 X 1 0 4

2020202X10 4

9 X 1 0 4

35710

9X10"4

4X10"4

202040504X10 '

6X10-"4 X 1 0 "10"7

2X10- '3X10-*4X10~5

4X 10-'5X10"5

io-»4X10-8

5X10-"7X10-'8X1O"7

9X10- '4X10"8

io-7

2 X 1 0 7

2 X 1 0 7

2X10"7

3X10"7

4X10-7

5 X 1 0 "2X10-7

9X10"8

"xio-7

10-"2X10-"2X10-"7X10"8

2 X10-7

TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations for radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdecay

SBCe'" (a, 0", y)

(Sol)

(Insol)

69Pr>« (0-, y)

(Sol)

(Insol)

59Pr'» (0")

(Sol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

. G I L L I )

Bone< Liver _

Kidnev _ . _ . .(/Total Bodv_ _/Lung\GI (LLI)

Bone . -< Liver

Kidneyl,Total BodyfGI (LLI)\Lung

Bone .<Liver

KidneyiTotal Body

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

561020

792020

20204060

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC).MC/CC

3X10"4

0.20.30.50.7

3X10- '

9X10-'801002003009X10-'

10-3

10203040

(MPC)aMC/CC

8X10-8

2X10-83X10-86X1O"»6X10-8

2X10"7

4X10-'4X10-*8X10-'10-52X10-'

3X10"7

5X10"'7X10"7

2X10-'

For 168 hour week**

(MPC),,MC/CC

0.080.10.20.3

3X10-*304060903X10-'

5X10-*45910

(MPC)aMC/CC

3X10-83X10-»4X10"»7X10-»10-82X10»2X10-8

7X10-8

2X10-'3X10-*4XlO-«5X10-84X10-'

10-'2X10"7

2X10"7

4X10-'6X10-'

.oNd'« (a)

,oXd'« (a, 0~, 7)

,oNd"»(0-,

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

Sol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

/"BoneGI (LLI) . . .

< KidneyLiver

VTotal Body./Lung\GI (LLI)...

(GI (LLI)._.LiverKidney.. . . .BoneTotal Body.LungGI (LLI)__.

CGI (LLI).Liver

< KidneyBone

iTotal Body_/GI (ULI)ILung

IGI (LLI) _BoneKidneyTotal Body.Liver

/Lung .\GI (LLI). _.

0.1

0.30.71

10202050

35720

60200300300

10-3

2X1O"3

2X10-'4X10-3

0.010.01

2X10"3

2X10"3

8102040

2X10-3

8XIO-3

3006007002X103

8XIO-3

6XIO-3

147

6XIO-3

2X1O-7

3X10-'

8X10-"5X10"7

2X10-10

4X10-'°6X10-10

3X10-'°4X10'"7

4X10-'4X10-7

6X10"7

8X10"7

2X10-6

2X10"7

3X10-7

2XI0"«10"5

3X10-53X10"5

9X10"5

9X10-"

6X10-8

2X10-'3X10"7

4X10-'10-'

5XlO-<

7X10-*8X10-*10-3

3X10"3

5X10-3

8X10-*

35610

6X10*

3X10"3

1002003007003X1O"3

2X10-3

0.5223

2X1O-3

6X10-8

9X10-8

3X10-"2X10"7

5X10-"2X10-'°2X10-'°10-1010-7

10-7

10-7

2X10"7

3X10-7

6XIO-7

8X10-8

lO"7

6XIO-7

5X10-«9X10-«lO"5

3X10-5

5X10"7

3X10-»

5X10-7

2 X 1 0 «7X10-"lO"7

10-'3X10"8

4X1O"7

TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdecay

, 7)

.,Sra'«(a)

.iSra"' (0~, y)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

(GI (LLI). _ _Bone

< KidneyTotal Body_

^Liver.fGI (LLI)\Lung

(Bone.GI (LLI). . _

(KidneyLiver.. _

iTotal Body.LungGI (LLI) . . .

GI (LLI) . . .Bone.KidneyLiver.Total Body.

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

20304050

0.1

0.60,60.9

100300300500

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC).MC/CC

10-3

7010020020010-3

2X10"3

2X1O-3

8X10- '9X10"3

0.01

2 X 1 0 s

0.012457

(MPC).

3X10"7

3X1O"«6X10-»7X10-«10-5

2X10-'7X10-'

7X10-"4X10"'4X10-10

4X10-10

5X10-10

3X10-'°4X10"7

2X10-«6X10-8

2X10"'2X10-'3X10-'

For 168 hour week**

(MPC)./

4X10-*204050804X1O-4

6X10-*7Xl0"«3X10-3

3X10"3

4X10"3

7 X 10"'

4X1O"3

0.5222

(MPC).

2X10-9

2X10"«3X10- '8X10"8

3X10"7

2X10-"2X10"'lO-'o)O-io2X10-'°9X10-"10-'

8X10"'2X10-"6X10-'7X10-"10-'

,jSmls» (0", y)

u'« (9.2 hr)

7 )

,3Eu1 M(/9-, c, 7)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(GI (LLI)Liver

<BoneKidney

(.Total BodyfGI (LLI)ILung

LungGI (LLI).

(GI (LL1)___Liver

<BoneKidney

l,Total Body.fGI (LLI). . .(.Lung

(GI (LLI) . . .Kidney

{Total Body.Bone

V, LiverLungGI ( L L I ) . . .

(GI ( L L I ) . . .Kidney

{BoneTotal Body.

l.LiverLungGI (LLI). . .

20305070

8101020

20303080

552030

0.01

2X10-'701002003002 X 1 0 3

2XI0"3

2003003005002X10"3

2X10"3

0.30.50.61.0

2X10-3

6X10-*0.090.090.20.5

6X10-*

10-7

2X10- '

5X10-'3X10-«6X10-«10-3

10"5

4 X 1 0 7

4X10"7

9X10-«10"5

io-s

2X10-*3X10"'3X10-«

5X10"'10-8

2X10-8

3X10"8

6X10"8

2X10-8

4X10"7

10-7

4 X 10"»4 X l 0 »10-8

2X10-8

7X10-'10-7

4 X 1 0 '

8X10-*3050801008XIO-4

6 X I O 4

70901002006X10-'

8X10"<0.090.20.20.4

8X10-*

2X10*0.030.030.080.2

2X10-'

5X10-8

7X10-7

2X 10-'io-«2X10-«4X10-«5X10- '10-7

5X10"7

10-7

3X10- '4X10- '5X10- '8X10"«lO"7

9X10"7

2X1O"7

4X10-'7X10-»8X10-«2X1O-8

6X 10"»10"7

5X10"8

4X10- '7X10-»2X10-'4X10-8

TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclidc and type ofdecav

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC),/

(MPC),,/ic/ec

For 1G8 hour week**

(MPC)» (MPC),,

3-, y)

MGd1M (/S-, y)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

f I (LLI)...Kidney

{BoneTotal Body.

(Liver/Lung\GI (LLI). . .

GI (LLI). . .BoneTotal Body.Liver

/Lung _\GI (LLI). . .

fGI (LLI)...I BoneI Liver[Total BodyJGI (LLI) . . .ILung

7080100200

6X10"3

2245

90100100

6X10-3

6X1O"3

577

204050

6X10-3

2X10"3

2004007002X10-'

10-89X1O"8

10"7

2X10"7

2X10-'7X1O-S

2 X 1 0 '3X10"7

3X10"'9X lO"8

5 X 1 0 '9X10-«2X10"5

3X10"5

4X10"7

3X10-«

2X10"3

0.70.812

2X1O"3

2 X 1 0 3

222

2X10-3

8X10"«70

2002008X10-'

4X10-7

3X10-8

3X10"5X10"8

8X10-*3X10-"4X10-7

5X10-7

8X10"8

10-7

io-7

3 X 1 0 "4X10"7

2X10-7

3XI0-"7X10-6

lO"5

10-7

10-o

sTb'"» (/3-, 7)

,,Dy'«» (0-, 7)

,,Dy'«« (3", 7, e-)

,7Ho"« r , 7, e-)

8Er'«» (0~, 7)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

fGI (LLI)I BoneKidney

(Total BodyLungGI (LLI)

GIBuneTotal Body.Liver

fGI (ULI). . .\Lung

fGI (LLI) . . .I Bone[Total Body.l LiverfGI (LLI)- . .\Lung

[GI ( L L I ) . .Bone

{KidneyTotal Body.

vLiverfGI (LLI)___\Lung

OS

CGI (LLI).Bone..-

< Total Body.Kidney

202020

104060

53030

5203040

305070

200

io-3

233

0.01103

4X103

6X103

0.01

10-'107080io-3

9X10-*402002003008X10-<

3 X 1 0 3

305060

200

3X10"7

10-7

10-'io-7

3X10-*2 X 1 0 7

3X10-»5X10"5

2X10-*3X10-*2X10-'2X10"5

2X10"'6X10"7

3X10-»4X10-«2 X 1 0 '3X10"7

2X10"'2X10-«7X10-«io-«10~5

2X10"7

10-"

6X10-'io-«2X10-6

3X10-6

9X10-«

4X10<0.811

4X10-4

4X10-3

400103

2X103

4X10-"

4X10*4

20304 X10-'

3X10-*1050801003X10 *

9X10-*10202070

10-'3 X 1 0 »4X10-"5X10-8

1 0 "8X10~8

9 X 1 0 '2X10-5

6X10-59X10-57X10-'6X10""

8X10"8

2X10"'io-«io-«7X10-"10-'

7X10»6X10- '2X10-"4X10-'4X10-«6X10-»3X10- '

2X10-'5X10-'8X10-'1 0 "3X10-*

TARLK 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdeeav

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC),/ic/cc

(MPC),,jic/cc

For 168 hour week**

(MPC), (MPC)0

68Er171 (0-, 7, c-)

«,Tin''» e, y, e"

..Tin'" (0-)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

/Lung\GI (LLI)

fGI ( )I Bone1 KidneyI Total Body_J "

93030

(Lung

3X10-3

3X10-3

3008009003X10-3

GI (LLI)BoneKidneyTotal Body-LungGI (LLI)

93060

10-3

0.845

GI (LLI) _. _BoneKidneyTotal Bodv

90700700

10 3

0.0132020

4X10-'6X10-'

7X10-'10-'4X10"5

4X10"5

6XIO-7

5X10-'

3X10-'4X10-8

2X10- '2X10"7

3X10»2X10"7

3X10"6

10-'8X10-7

8X10-7

10-3

9030030010-3

5X10-*0.312

5X10*

5X10-3

0.966

2X10-'

2X10-'4X10-«10"5

10"5

2X10-7

2X10-6

10"7

10»6X10-8

7X10-810-8

8X10-*

4X10"8

3X1O"7

3X1O"7

(Insol)

;oYb1 7 3

7 ,Lu 1 7 7

(r,

03":

7 )

7 )

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

2Hf81 (/S-, 7)

; 3 Ta« (P~, y)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

/Lung\GI (LLI)

fGII Bone] Kidney(Total "Body.GI (LLI)Lllllg

fGI (LLI)jBoneI Total Body_[KidneyGI (LLI). . .Lung

f I (LLI)...Spleen

I Liver] Total Body.

KidneyVRoneLungGI (LLI)

GI (LLI).Liver .Kidney. _Total Body.SpleenBone_- _

3030100

20100200

4104050100

720203050

0.01

3X1O"3

60803003X10-3

3X10-3302002003X10-3

2X1O"3

0.9291020

2X10-3

0.92246

. IO-3

2X10-5X10"

7X10-'3X10"9

6XIO-7

6X10-7

10-6

7X10-"10'5

5 X 1 0 '7X10-'

4X10-'4X10-8

lO'74X10"7

5X10"7

9X1O-7

7X10"4X10"7

3X10"7

4X1O"8

8X10-"9X10"8

10-'3X10"7

2X10-"2X10"7 4X10*

8X10-*9X10"7

2 X 1 0 7

9X10-7

io-«4X10-«2 X 1 0 7

4X10"7

2X10-7

4X10"7

2X10-«3X10-"2X1O"7

2X1O-7

2X10"7

10*4X10-"10"7

2X10"7

3X10"7

3X10-"

9X10-8

io-»3X10-8

3X10-"5X10"8

9XL0-8

7Xl0"»7X10-*

TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdecay

7.W"»

7.W"«

7,W"7

(«,

(0-

(0-

y)

]

, 7)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

fGI (I LiverI Total Body.[BoneLungGI (L

I GI (LLI)BoneLiver.Total Body.

/Lung\GI (LLI)...

fGI (LLI)I Total BodyI Liver[BoneGI (LLI)Lung

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

q(nc)

70100200

3040100

303060

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC),/ic/cc

0.010.60.92

0.01

4X10-3

0.30.41

3X10-'

2X10"3

0.50.612 X 1 0 3

(MPC)0

2X10-«2X10-5

3X10-5

7X10" s

10-'2X10-98X10"7

10"s

2X10-5

5X10"5

10"'6X10-'

4X1O"7

2X10-5

2X10-5

4X10"5

3X10"7

2X10-«

For 168 hour week**

(MPC),,jic/cc

4X10"3

0.20.30.7

3X10"3

10"3

0.090.10.5

7 X 1 0 *0.20.20.46XIO-4

(MPC),MC/CC

8X10-'8X10-"lO"5

2X10-54X10-"6X10- '

3X10-'3X10-65X10-6

2X10-54X10-"2X10-'

2X10"7

7X10-o8X10-«105

1 0 '6X10"7

«, 7)

75Re18« (p~, 7)

7 S Ue'" (^-)

5Re'»» - , 7)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

'Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(GI (LLI) .Total Body. .

J ThyroidLiverSkin_

(.Bone/Lung\GI (LLI)

CGI (LLI).Thyroid

)Ski] Total Body_

LiverI BonefGI (\Lung

GI (LLI) . . .Sk in . . .ThyroidTotal Body.LiverBoneLungGI (LLI)___

(GI (LLI) _ _.Thyroid

J SkinI Total Body.

Liver\BoneGI (LLI)___Lung

803008004X103

2X104

203050300800

3009002X103

6X103

4X10*

72020200300

0.020.020.090.216

8XIO-3

3X10-30.010.020.040.20.610-3

0.070.080.20.429

0.04

2X10-'0.020.050.060.50.99 X 1 0 4

4X10-6

3X10-6

10-53X10-510-4

6XIO-4

2 X 1 0 7

1 0 "

6X10-7

2X10"8

2X10-«4X1O"«3X10-57X10-52 X 1 0 7

5X 10"7

2X10-59X10"6

3X10-55X10-52X10"4

10-3

5X10~7

7X10- 8

4X10-7

2X10-6

5X 10"«7X10-«5X10-510-4

2 X 1 0 7

10"6

6XIO-3

8XIO-3

0.030.080.42

3X10"3

9X10"4

5X10-37X10-30.010.080.25X10"4

0.030.030.080.20.53

0.02

6X10"4

7X 10-30.020.020.20.33X1O"4

10-89 X 1 0 7

3X10- 6

8X10- 6

4X10-52X10-4

5X10-"5X10"7

2X10"7

5X10'7

8X10"7

10-69X10-62X10-58X10"8

2X1O"7

6X10-"3X10-«9X10-"2X10-56X10-54X10-4

2X10-7

2X10-6

10"7

7X10-7

2X10-82X10-62X IO-5

3X10- s

6 X 1 0 8

4X10-7

TARI.K 1. Maximum permissible bndtj burdens and maximum permissible concentrations for radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclide and typo ofdectiv

,,0s'» , .y,

76Os'91"' (0-, 7, e")

~, 7,

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

GI (LLI)KidnevTotal BodyLiver

/Lung\GI (LLI)

GI (LLI)KidneyTotal Body_LiverLungGI (LLI)

GI (LLI)KidneyTotal Body _Liver

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

84050

100300600

20100100

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC).juc/cc

2X10-3

0.040.20.2

2X1O"3

0.072710

0.07

5X10-:t

0.10.60.7

5X10 3

(MPC)0/ic/ce

5X10";

io-«6X10"6

8X10"6

5X10"8

3X10"7

2X10"5

sxio-5

2X10-*5X10-*9X1O"6

10 "4X10-"4X10"5

3X10"5

4XI0-'SX10"7

For 168 hour week**

(MIT),,,MC/CC

7X10<0.010.060.08

7X10"<

0.030.824

0.02

2X10-3

0.040.20.2

2X 10-3

(MPC')O^c/ce

2X 10-";")Xl0-"2X 10-"3X 10-"2 X 1 0 s

io-7

6X10-"3X10- 'SXIO"5

2X10-1

3 X 1 0 6

4X10-"

4X10 "1 0 "8X10-*9X 10-«10"7

3X10"7

- I r 1 9 0 (f, 7)

3", 7)

; 7 I r I 6 < ( 0 -

; s P t | 1 J 1 ( e , 7 )

(Sol)

(Tnsol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Tnsol)

(Sol)

GI (LLI)__KidnevTotal BodyLiver . .

fGI (LLI)_.

'GI (LLI)LiverKidney

[Spleenk Total BodyLungGI (LLI)

(GI (LLI)Kidney

< Spleen _Liver

(.Total Body(Lung\GI (L

GI (LLI)KidneyLiverSpleenTotal Bod

/GI (LLI)I Lung.

fGI (LLI).Kidney

(Total Bodyi LiverVSpleen

4X10-7

4X10"6

2X10--'ixw-r>3 X 1 0 ;

io-fi

l O 6

2X10-"2X10-"2X10-6

2X10"6

4X10" ;

9X 10"7

3X10- '10 "10"7

2X10"7

4X10"7

3X10-"2X10- '

2X10"7

AX 10-"3X10-"4 X 1 0 "I0"5

2X10"7

10-''

8X1O-7

10-''4X 10"r'4X 10-«HX 10 h

6 X 1 0 1

0.040.20.35X10-*

.

2X10-3

0.020.020.020.02

2X10" : i

4X10 'io-3

io-3

2 X 1 0 - 3

4 X 1 0 - 1

4X10-<

3 X 1 0 - 4

0.030.030.030.13 X 1 0 «

-

1 0 1

0.010.030.04O.OS

l O 7

2X10-7X 101 0 ~;<9X105X10

4X105X10-ux io-oxio-8X10-io-7

3X10-

9X 10"4X10-5X10-6X1010"7

9X10-6X10"

8X10"io-°10-"10-fl

4X 10-5X104X10

3X105X10-io-«2X10"3X10"

TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdecay

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

()

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC),/

(MPC)aMC/CC

For 168 hour week"

(MPC). (MPC)0

7,Pt"*» («, 7)

8Pt 'M

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

fGI (LLI).\Lung

3X10-3

(GI (LLI)! Kidney< Total Body

Liver\SpleenGI (LLI)Lung

100300300600

0.030.30.8120.03

/-KidneyGI (LLI)

< SpleenTotal Body

iLiverLungGI (LLI)

70

500500600

0.030.050.20.20.2

0.05

6X10-'8X10"7

7X10-"10"5

3X10"s

4X10-5

7X10-»5 X 1 0 «7X10-*

io-5

6X10- '6X10- '9X10-«3 X 1 0 '8X10-*

0.010.10.30.30.70.01

9 X 1 0 3

0.020.060.060.09

0.02

2X10"'3X10"7

2X10-'4X10-«io-5

10"5

2X10"5

2X10-'2X10-»

4X10"7

4X10-«2X10"6

2X10-»3X10"«1 0 '3X10-»

8pt1.7m

(Sol)

8Pt>" (0~, y)

,Au>» (/»-,

79Au>»» (/S-, 7)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(GI (ULI).-.I Kidney< Liver

SpleeniTotal Body.fGI (ULI). . .I Lung

(GI (LLI)I Kidney .< Liver

SpleenVTotal Body. .fGI (LLI)I Lung

fGI (LLI)...Total Body_KidneySpleen.LiverLungGI (LLI)___

("GI (LLI)... .Kidney

< Total Body.Spleen

iLiverfGI (LLI).. . .\Lung

5203040

10407080

4050200200

20306080

0.030.83560.03

4X10-3

0.10.60.813X103

5X10-0.070.090.30.3

4X10-3

2X10-3

0.070.10.20.3io-3

6X10»3X10-'10-'2X10-4

2X10-'5X10-6

2X10"5

8X10 '5X10"«2X10"5

3X10"5

4X10-'6X10"7

4X10-6

10"3X10-"4X10-«10'5io-5

6X10-'8X10"7

3X10"7

3X10-"4X10-"8X10-«10's2X10"7

6X10-'

5X10*0.020.040.070.15X10-*

2 X 1 0 «io-»4X10-'7X10-57X10-5

2X10-«8X10-«3X10-'2X10-«7X10"«10"s

10-52X10-7

4X10-'9X10-'4X10-*4X10"«2X10"7

3X10-7

io-7

9X10-7

2X10-8

3X10-«4X10-9

8X10-S2X10-7

".' TABLE 1. Maximum permissible, body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposnre—Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdecav

9AH'»»

(*, 7,

;0Hg19; («, 7, C-)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

:(G (Kidnev

< Total BodySpleen

U'iver.GI (LLF)Lung

(Kidney-.! (II ( I . L D - .< Spleen

Liver . . .(.Total Body(GF (LLI)I Lung

{Kidney(JI ( L L I ) - .SpleenLiverTotal Bodv.

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

i

70100200300

405070

20

200200200

Maximum permissible concentrations

(MFC),jie/cc

5X10- '0.20.30.60.84X10"3

6X10"3

0.020.050.070.095X10-3

9X10 3

0.000.080.10.1

ir week

(Ml'C)atic/cc

10 6

8X10-»10-52X10-53X10-58XIO-7

2X10-6

7 X 1 0 7

4X10-6

7X10"6

9X 10-»10-58XIO-7

4X 10-«

1 0 "1 0 s

10-5

io-s

2X 10-5

For 108 ho

(Ml'C),MC/CC.

2 X 1 0 3

0.070.10.20.32X10"'

2 X 1 0 3

7X10"3

0.020.020.032X10-"

3 X 1 0 3

0.020.030.030.04

(MPC)0

4X10" ;

3X10"s

4Xl0-«8X 10^r'10"5

3 X 1 0 "6X10-'

3 X 1 0 -10""2X 10"«3X 10-"4X10-"3X10 7

4X10"7

4Xl0-«4X10-04X 10~6

5X10-"

sullK=»' (0 , 7, C-)

«, 7 )

( Inso l )

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

GI (LLI)LmiK

(KidneySpleenLivi-r.Total Body0 1 (LLI) ..

/Lungi\GI (LLI)___

'GI (LLI). .KidneyTotal 'Body,MuscleLiverL u n g . . , . .

I Bono .fGI (LLI) __ILuiiK __

fGI (LLI).KidneyTotal 'Bodv..\Iu>-cle__."LiverBoneLung_.

fOI (LLI)ILLIHK

4404080

4050100200800103

40100300300400103

0.01

5 X 1 0 <ox 10-37X10-30.010.01

3X10 3

0.010.080.10.30.4227X10-3

9X10-30.040.10.30.30.415X10-3

3X10-"5X10-"

7X10 "8X 10—9X 10-7

2X1O"6

3 X 1 0 - 6

10"7

6X 10"7

3 X 1 0 "8 X 1 0 "

io-s

3X 1 0 5

5X 10-5

2X10"4

2X10-*10"6

4X 10""

2X 10 "r,xio-fi

10"-'13 X 1 0 ••>3 X 1 0 " 5

"> X 10 - 5

10 «9 X 1 0 7

2X 10'fl

5X 10-3

2 X 1 0 <2X lO-3

2X lO-3

4X10-34X lO-3

10:3

4X10 30.030.040.090.20.60.82X10-3

3X10 30.020.04O.I0.10.20.42X10-3

9X10 7

2X 10 c

2X10 «3X 10-7

3X1O"7

5 X 1 0 -10"6

4 X 1 0 "2X10"7

9X10-3X10"4X10-"9X 10-"2X 10-*fiXlO"5

9X10-s

4 X 1 O 7

10"'

7X10"7

2X10""4X 10-'10-5

10-5

2 X 10"5

4X 10 5

3 X 1 0 -7X 10"7

TABLK 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations for radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclidc and type ofdecay

81T1*» (t, y, e")

(Sol)

(Iiisol)

»,T1«"(U-)

(Sol)

(Insol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

(GI (LLI)KidneyTotal Body__MuscleLiverBoneLung

/Lung\GI (LLI)

I 'd (LLI) . .KidneyTotal Body

• BoneLiverMuscle - -Lung _ . . .

/Lung\GI (LLI)

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal bodv

9(MC)

2050100100200400

1080100100200500

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC).

4X10-30.010.030.070.080.10.3

2X10-3

3X10-36X10-30.030.040.060.070.2

2X10-3

(MPC)aiic/cc

8X10-7

3X10-'7X10-'8X10"«10-5

3X10-5

2X10-'4X1O"7

7X10"7

6X10-'3X10-'5X10"6

6X10"6

7X10"6

2X10-5

3X10-8

3X10"7

For 168 hour week**

(MPC).

10-33X10-30.010.020.030.030.09

7X10-*

10-32X10-30.010.020.020.020.07

6X10-*

(MPC),,

3 X 1 0 7

4X10-7

2X10-°3X10-"4X10"6

9X10-"8X10-"10"7

2X10"7

2X10"7

10"6

2X10-6

2X10-"3X10- '7X10"»9X10"9

10"7

:.Pl)2O3(€, y)

c p~, y)

y)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Pol)

(Inso.)

(Kidney.-, _.Total Body

<BoneLiver

I.GI (LLI ) . . ./Lung_\GI (LLI ) . . .

CGI ( L L I ) . . .KidneyTotal Body.Liver,BonefGI (\Lung

(KidneyGI (LLI). -

< BoneLiver

^Total body./Lung\GI (L

GI (LLI)KidneyLiverTotal Body-SpleenBone

/Lung\GI (L

3090200400

0.440.71

0.02

0.10.20.2

171020300

0.010.10.5120.01

4X10-»4X10 »6X10-«io-5

6X10-3

5X10-3

6X10-*6X10-'2X10-8

6X10"3

6X10-3

5X10<

10-30.040.20.40.510

10-3

3X10«4X10-"io-5

3X10-5

7X10-5

4X10- '

io-9

2X10-"1

4X10-'°io-«2X10-'°9X10- '2 X 1 0 8

10-'7X10-9

2X10-'2X10"7

2X10-9

9X10-8

2X10-7

2X10"7

2X10-«2X10-6

4X10"5

1 0 '2X10-'

4 X 1 0 3

0.050.20.30.84X10-3

2X10-*5X10-«2X10- '

2X10-3

2X10-4

2X10-*8X10-4

2X10-3

2X10"3

4X10 *

9 X 1 0 'io-«5X10-6

io-5

2X10"5

6X10-7

4X10-"4X10-'«7X10-"10-'»4X10-'8X10-"3X10- '

GX10-'4X10-«3X1O"8

6X10-8

6X10-9

7XlO-»3X10-"

8X10-*6X10-"4X10-'5X10- '8X10"7

io-5

5X10-8

7X1O"8

- IOC

TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdecav

83 Bi™7 ( . , y)

(Sol)

(Insol)

B3Bi*'» («, 0")

(Sol)

(Insol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

GI (LLI) .KidneyLiver.Spleen .Total BodvBone

/Lung\GI (LLI)

GI (LLI)Kidney . . .I.iverSpleenTotal BodvBone

/Lung\GI (LLI)

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal bodv

?(MC)

272020300

0.040.5O.G206

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC)»jic/cc

2X10 3

0.040.10.40.4G

2X10-3

10-3

2X10- '0.020.020.070.2

io-3

(MPC)O

4X10"7

2X10"7

6X10"7

2X10-6

2X10- '2x 10"5

10-83X10"7

3X1O"7

6X10 »8X10-810-'3X10"7

10-"6X10"9

2X 10-7

For 1G8 hour week**

(MPC).^c/cc

6 X 1 0 '0.020.050.10.12

6X10*

4X10-*5X10-'6X 10"3

8X10-30.030.08

4X 10"4

(PMPC).

IO- 7

6X10-82X10"7

5X10- '5X 10"7

8X10-65X1O"»10"7

9X10"9

2X10-«3X10-83X10-8io-7

3X10-'

7X10-8

y)

84Po-">(a)

8sAt"'(a, 6, y)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

| (GI ( S ) . - . - -j KidneyJ LiverI SpleenTotal Body

{BoneJLung\GI (S)

(SpleenKidneyLiverTotal Body.BoneGl (LLI)__.

/Lung\GI (LLI). _.

(ThyroidOvary

< SpleenTotal Body.

I d (S)..-".-LungGI (ULI). . .

Lung

Lung.

0.010.10.20.20.9

0.030.040.10.40.5

0.020.020.060.3

0.010.020.30.40.52

0.01

2X10-52X10 57X10-52X10-*3X10"4

9X10"4

8X10 <

5X10-55X10-*2X10"4

8X10-"0.02

2 X 1 0 3

2XK1 0 '

2X 10~«8X I0-«2 X 1 0 '2X10-6

5X10-'°5X10-'°2X10-'5X 10-»7X 10-»2X10-'2X10-'°2X10"'

7X10-97X10-'3X10-*10~̂4X 10""3 X 1 0 8

4X10-'

3X10-'

3 X 1 0 "

4X10- '8X10"3

0.090.10.20.7

4X10"3

7 X 1 0 "8X10-"3X10-58X lO-5

3X10-<

3X10*

2X10-52X10-56X10-53X10- '7X1O-3

7X10-*

8X10-'3X10 8

4X10-'5X10"'8X10"'3X10-"7X10-8

6X10-'

2X10-10

2X10-10

6X10-10

2X10-'2X10-"7X10-9

7X10-"5X10-8

2X10-9

3X10"»9X10-*4X10-8

2X10-6

IO-8

10-'

1 0 ',,Hll"-t(a. 0, y)

tThc (laughter isotopes of HnM0 and Hn""' are assumed present to the extent they occur in unflltered air. For all other isotopes the daughter elementsare not considered as part of the intake and if present must he considered on the basis of the rules for mixtures.

O TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Itadionuclide and type ofdecay

8Ra223 (a, 0", 7)

(a, 0-, y, e")

,8Ra»° (a, 0", y)

(a, /3", 7, e~)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

fBone'• Total Body

GI (LLI). I ./Lung\GI (LLI) . . .

(Bone{Total Body.[GI (LLI)_"_./Lung\GI (LLI).[BoneTotal Body.

IGI ( L L I ) . . .GI ( L L I ) - .

[Bone{Total Body.IGI (LLI)...

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

()

0.050.07

0.060.07

0.10.2

0.060.09

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC).

2X10"5

4X10-5

2X10-*

7X10"s

9X1O-5

2X10-*

2X104

4X10-'6X10"7

io-3

9X10"4

8X10'io-«io-3

(MPC).juc/cc

2X10-'3X10-'4X10-8

2X10-'°2X10-8

5X10-»8X10-»5X10"8

7X10-'°3X10-8

3X10-"5X10-"3X10-'2X10"'

7X10-"9X10-"2X10"7

For 168 hour week**

(MPC)a^c/cc

7X10-'io-s

6X10-5

4X10 l s

2X10-'3X10-s

7X10-5

5X101 '10 '2X10-'

3X10-*

3X10-'4X10-'4XJ0-*

(MPC)./

6X10"10

io-»10-88XI0-"7X10-8

2X10-»3X10-"2X10"8

2X10-'°9X10-'

2X10-"10-?6X10-8

2X10-"3X10-"8X1O-8

9 Ac 2 2 77)

B ,Ac2 2 8 («, 7, c-)

90Th227 (a, 0", 7)

90Th»» (a, 0", 7, C")

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Iiisol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Lung _ .IGI (LLI).

('BoneTotal Body_

< LiverKidney

I I (LLI)--./Lung\GI (LLI)- .

| I (ULI)...Bone

{LiverTotal Body-

^Kidney/Lung\GI U

(GI (LLI).. _Bone

< KidneyTotal Body.

l,LiverLung.GI (LLI)__.

(BoneGI (LLI). . . .

< KidneyTotal Body

(>LiverLungGI (LLI)

0.030.10.20.4

0040.050.090.5

0.020.080.10.5

0.02

0.090.090.5

7X10-*

6X10-5

2X10-*2X10-*7X10-*9X10-3

9X10-3

3X10-3

22320

3X10-'

5X10-'8X10"3

0.040.050.2

2X10-'4X10-110-3

10-'7X10->

4X10-'

4X10-"10-'

2X10"12

7X10-'2

10""3X10"11

2X10-"3X10-"2X10"6

6X10-'9X10-8

8X10-810-'6X 10-7

2X10-"4X10"7

lO"7

3X10-'°2X10"»2X10-'10"8

2X10-'°9X10-8

9X10"12

8X10"8

5X10-"5X10-"3X10-10

6X10- "7X10"8

2X10-5

6X10-5

8X10-52 X 10-i3X10-3

3X10-'

9X10-10.50.616

9X10-1

2 X10-*3X10"»0.010.020.08

2X10-1

7X1O-5

10-i4X10-14X10-12X10-'

lO-i

1 0 "4X 10~s

8X10-"3X10-12

3X10"12

9X10-'2

7X1O"7

9X10"12

5X1O-7

2X1O"7

3X10-'3X10-'5X 10-»2X10-7

6XlO-»2X10-7

4X10-8

10-'°6X10-10

7X10-'°4X10"8

6X10-"3X10-8

3X10-'2

3X10-8

2X10-"2X10-"10-"1

2XI0-"2X10-"

TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Kadionuclide and type ofdecav

,oTh"° (a, 7)

(Sol)

(Insol)

MTh"' (a, 0", 7)

(Sol)

(Insol)

MTh»2 (a, 0", 7, C")

(Sol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

/BoneKidney . . . -

< Total BodvLiver

IGI (LLI)/Lung.\GI (LLI)

(GI (LLI)Bone,

< KidneyTotal Body

l.Liver/GI (LLI). .\Lung

/'BoneKidnev

< Total Body1 LiverI d (LLI)

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

0.050.30.40.6

3040100300

0.040.30.30.7

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC).MC/CC

5X1O-5

3X10-*5X10-*9X10"4

9X10-*

7X10- '2003009002X1OJ

7X10- '

5X10"5

10-*3X 10-*6X10-*10-'

(MPC)Otic/cc

2X10-"4X10-"2X10-"2X10-"2X10-'10-")2X10"7

10-510-54X10-510-*

6X10- '

(2X10-")(5X10"12)(10-")3X10-"2X 10-'

For 168 hour week*'

(MPC)./uc/cc

2X10-53X10-510-*2X 10-*3X10-*

3X10-*

2X10-'801003008002X10"1

2X10-*4X10-59X10-52X10-*4X10-*

(MPC)a

8X10-"2X10-'25X10-"

7X10-"

6X10-*

5X10-'4X10~«5X10~«10-53X10.-54X10-'2X1O~«

(7XlO-")t(2X10-'2)(4X10-'s)(9X10-")8X10-8

00

wTh-Nat (a, 0-

slPa2'o 8-, «, 7)

,Pa»> (a, 0", y)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

/Lung\GI (LLI).(GI (LLI) . _Bone

< KidneyTotal Body.

l.LiverLung._GI (LLI). .

(BoneKidney

< Total Body.GI (LLI)."..

LungtGI (LLI) ._ .(GI ( L L I ) . . .jBone| Kidney. . .[Total Body./Lung .\GI (LLI)...(BoneKidney.

< Total Body.I LiverGI (LLI). . .LungGI (LLI)

462030

0.010.070.07

0.3

0.070.2

0.020.060.10.3

10-3

5X10-*12810

5X10-*3X10- =io-*2X10-*3X10-*5X10-*3X10-*7X10-30.040.10.2

7X10-3

3X10-57X10-5

10-*4X10-*8X10-*

8X10-*

10-"2X10- '10-'6X10-89X10-»4X10- '5X1O"7

3X10"8

9X10-"(2X10-")(4X10-12)(9X10"12)6X10-8

(2X10-")(4X1O-'2)5X10-»2X10- '2X10-"5X10"»8X10-"8X10-'°io-«10-'2

3X10-'25X10-'22X10-"2XI0-7

lO-io10"7

4X10"*2X10-*0.50.734

2X10-*10-54X10-57X10-5

10-*2X10-*

10-*2X10-'0.010.040.06

2X10-3

9X10-"2X10-5

4X10-510-*3X10"*

2X10-*

4X10"12

7X10-"4X10-"2 X 1 O »3X10-"10-'2X10-'io-»3X10-"

(6X10-13)t(2X10-")(3X10-'2)2X10-8

(8X10-12)(10-12)2X10-85X10-'6X10"10

2X10"»3X10-»3X10"1 0

4X10"'4X10-"10"12

2X10" 1 2

5X1O"12

6X10-"4X10-"5X10"s

oo TABLE ]. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and in^ water for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclidc and type ofdecay

(0-,

S2U"° (a, 0~, y)

,,U»2 (a, r , y, C")

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

CGI (LLI) _ _ _Kidney

{BoneTotal Body.

^Li/Lung_\GI (LLI) _

(GI (LLI).. .Kidney

1 Total Body.(BoneLungGI (LLI)___

GI (LLI). . .BoneTotal Body.

[Kidney/L/g\GI (LLI).

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

406060200

0.010.067X10- '

0.010.070.04

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC),MC/CC

4X10-310202050

3X10"3

7X10"s

0.030.04

8X10-'2X10-36X10- '0.01

8X1O"4

(Ml'C).jic/cc

8X10-'6X10-7

9X10"7

9X1O"7

2X10-«2X10-'6X10-'

3X10"8

3X10-'°

2X10-*lO-io2X10"8

2X10-'10-'o3X10-'"6X10-'»3X10-"10-'

For 1G8 hour week

(MPC)»/JC/CC

10 - 3

57720

5X10- s

2X10- J

0.010.02

5X10-5

3X10-*8X1O"«2X10-3

4X10"3

3X10-*

)MC/CC

3X10-'2 X 1 0 '3X10-'3X10-'8X10"'6X10-8

2X10-7

10"8

lO-io5X10--06X10-'°4X10-"8X10"»

6X10-"3X10-"10-'°2X10-'°9X10-'2

5X10-"

(a, 7)

9!U"< (a, 7)

{a, <?-,

,,U"6 (a, 7)

(a, 7 , e-)

(So!)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

GI (LLI)BoneKidneyTotal Body.LungGI (LLI),. .

(GI (LLI)I Bone1 KidneyI Total Body.LungGI (LLI)

GI (LLI)KidneyBoneTotal Body.LungGI (LLI),

GI (LLI). ,Bone ,_KidneyTotal BodyLungGI (LLI)

(GI (LLI),,_I Kidney| Bone _I Total Body./Lung\GI (L

0050.080.4

0.050.080.4

0.030.060.4

0.060.080.4

5X10"3

0.060.5

9X10-0.010.030.04

9X10-*

9X10-<0.010.030.04

9X10"<

8X10-1

0.010.010.04

8X10"

io-3

0.010.030.04

io-3

2X10- '0.010.04

2X10-'5X10-'°io-»2X10-9

l o-io2X10"7

2X10"7

6X10-1"10-9

2X10-"IO-IO

2X1O"7

2X1O-7

5X10-'°6X10-10

2X10-9

I0-ioio-7

2X10"7

6X10-i»io-s

2X10-'lO-io

2X10"7

2X10-'7X10-"6X10-'02X10-'lO-io2X10"7

3X10-<4X10-3

0.010.01

3 X 1 0 '

3X10"4

4X10-3

0.010.01

3X10-*

3X10*4X10-3

5X10"3

0.01

3X10-*

3X10«5X10-3

0.010.01

3X10"4

4X10"<6X10-*5X10-30.01

4X10-*

7 X 1 0 "2X10-i»4X10-10

5X10-!°4X10-"6X10-"

7X10-"2X10-1°4X10-'°6X10-i°4X10-"6X10-8

6X10-8

2X10-'°2X10-10

6X10-i°4X10-"5X10-»

7X10-*2X10-'°4X10-10

6X10-1°4X10-H6X10-"

8X10-"3X10-H2X10-i°6X10-1°5X10-"6X10-9

GC TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionnclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdecay

92U-Xat (a, 0-, 7 ,

2Xp»7 (a, r , 7)

,,Np'- (a, 0-, y)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

GI (KidneyBoneTotal Body.

/Lung\GI L

/"BoneKidney

(Total Body.I LiverI (LLI).._/Lung\GI (L

GI (LLI).. . .Bone

\ KidneyTotal Body.

^Liver

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

5X10"8

0.030.2

0.060.10.50.5

304070100

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC)./

5X10-1

2X10->6X10- '0.02

5X10-*

9X10"5

2X10-4

4X10-*6X10-'9X10-*

9X10"4

4 X 10->100200300500

(MPC)0^c/cc

10"7

7X10-"3X10-10

8X10-10

6X10-"8X10"8

4X10"1''7X10-"2X10-"2X10-"2X10"7

2X10- '

8X10-'4X10-«7X10- '10-'2X10-*

For 168 hour week

(MPC),MC/CC

2X10-*6X10-1

2X10- '7X10- '

2X10-*

3X10-6

6X10"6

io-«2X10-<3X10-"

10-'305090200

(PMl'C),/

4X10-"3 X 1 0 "10-m3X 10"10

2X10-"3X10"»

10"12

2X10"12

6X10-'18 X I 0 - "7X10-8

4X10-"5X10-"

3X1O7

2X10-«2X10"«4X10-«8X10-«

8)Pu»» (a, 7)

,,Pu«» (a, 7)

wPu«°(a, 7)

«, /3", 7)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(In.sol)

(GI (LLI).(.Lung

("BoneI Liver< Kidnev

GI (LLl).. .(.Total Body.Lung .GI (LLI)

(BoneLiver

< KidnevGI (LLI)___

iTotal Body./Lung _.\GI (LLI). . .

/•BoneI Liver< Kidney

GI (LLI)___l,Total Body./Lung\GI (L

(BoneKidnev{ ( )Total Rody.

^Liver/Lung\GI (LLI)...

0.040.20.3

0.3

0.040.40.5

0.4

0.040.40.5

0.4

0.95

910

4X10"3

6X10-<8X10-1

8X10"1

I0- '

8X10-'

7X10-"8XIO-4

10"3

8XIO-4

5X10-*7X10"4

8X 10-4

10-3

8X10-*

7X10"3

0.040.040.060.07

0.04

7X10"7

2X10-«

2X10"12

8X10-'2

10-"2X10"7

10""3X10-"10-7

2X10"12

7X10-'2

9X10"12

2X10-7

10-"4X10-"2X10"7

2X10-12

7X1O"'2

9X10-'2

2X10-'10-"4X10-"2X10"7

9X10-"5X10"10

8X10-»8X10"10

io-»4X10"8

7X10-»

10-'

5X10-'2X10-*3X10"4

3X10-1

4X10-*

3X10-*

5 X 1 0 5

2X10-"2X10-1

3X10-*3X10-<

3X10-*

5X10"s

2X10-*2X10-*3X10-*3X10-*

3X101*

2X10"3

0.010.010.020.03

0.01

2X10" :

7X10";

7X10"13

3X1O"12

4X10-'-6X10-8

5X1O-'2

1 0 "5X10"8

6X1O13

2X10"12

3X10"12

6X10"»5X10-12

10-"5X 10"a

6X10"13

2X10"12

3X 10-'2

6X10-"5X10-'-1 0 "5X10"8

3X10-"2X10-'°3X10-«3X10-'°3X10-'0

10 8

2X10"«

oo TABLE 1. Maximum peamissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and in0 0 water for occupational exposure—Continued

Kadionuclide and type ofdecay

,sAlIl"' (a, 7)

*, 3", 7)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

(BoneLiver

< KidneyGI (LLI). ._

^Total Body.LungGI (LLI) .

(KidneyBone

< LiverTotal Body.

(GI (LLI)/Lung\GI (L

/BoneKidney

<LiverTotal Body.

I.GI (LLI)__.

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

()

0.050.40.5

0.4

0.10.050.40.3

0.050.10.40.4

Maximum permissible concentrations

For 40 hour week

(MPC)Vnc/cc

10-*6X10-*7X10-*9X10-*

9X10- '

2X10-*4X10-*8X10- '

8X10-*

1 0 'io-«2X10-*4X10-<8X10-*

(MPC)0/

2 X 1 0 - "7 X 1 0 - "io-»2X10- 7

10-"4X10-"2X10"7

6X10-'2

9 X 1 0 - "2 X 1 0 - "2X10"7

10- ">10-'6 X 1 0 "6X10-"9 X 1 0 - "2 X 1 0 - "2X10- '

For 168 hour week

(MPC).

5X10"5

2X10- '3X10-*3X10-*4X10-*

3X10-'

4X10 5

5X10- J

7X10"5

10"4

3X10"4

2X10-*

4X10- s

5X10-«7X10"5

io-«3X10- '

(MPC),,

6 X 1 0 1 3

3X 10-'33X10"13

7X10"8

5X10- ' 2

10-"5X10-»2X10-'22X10-'23X1O-'25X10"12

6X10"8

4X10-"5X10"8

2X10-"2X10"12

3X10- ' 2

5X10- ' 2

6X10-8

*, 7)

(a, 7)

,«Cra'« (a, 7)

" , 7)

CO

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

f I (LLI) _ _ _Liver

<BoneKidney

(Total Body./Lung\GI (LLI).. _

/Lung\GI (LLI).

(BoneLiver

< KidneyTotal Body

iGI (LLI)."..LungGI (LLI)...

(BoneI Liver< Kidney

Total Body.\Gl (LLI).../Lung\GI (LLI)...

(BoneLiverKidneyTotal BodvGI (LLI)."..

/Lung\GI L I

0.050.090.20.2

0.090.20.20.3

0.10.20.20.3

0.040.50.20.4

8X10-<

7X10-*3X10"3

5X10-3

9X10"3

0.01

7 X 1 0 <

2X10"4

3X10"*5X10-"7X10-*

7X10"4

2X10-'3X10"4

4X10-*6X10"4

8X10-'

8X10-

2X10-"2X10"4

3X10-*8XIO-4

8X 10"4

10-ic10-'

2X10"7

10-'°2X10-'°4X10-'"6X10-'°2X10-10

10-7

6X10-"10-"10-"2X10-"2X10"7

10->»10-7

9X10-'210-"2X10-"3X10""2X10"7

lO-io10-'

5X10"12

8X10-'29X10"12

10-"2X10-'10-'°10-'

3X10*

2X10-*9X10-*2X10"3

3X10"3

5X10-3

3 X 1 0 *

5X10-5

8XIO-5

10-«2X10-*2X10-*

2X10 4

7X10 5

9X10"5

10-*2X10-*3X10-*

3X10-*

4X10"5

7X10-5

7X10-'10-'3X10-'

3X10-

4X10-"5X10"8

5X10-"4 X 1 0 "8X10-"lO-io2X10-'°6 X 1 0 "4X1O"8

2X10-"3X1O"12

4X10-'27X1O"12

SX10-"3X10-"4X10-"

3 X 1 0 1 2

4X10"12

6X10"12

9X10"12

6X10"»3 X 1 0 "5Xl0"»

2X10"12

3X10 1 2

3X10-'25X1O-'26X10-"4X10-"5X10-8

TABLE 1. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in air and inwater for occupational exposure—Continued

Radionuclide and type ofdecuv

{a)

,7Bk2<» (a, 0", 7)

»8Cf"«(a, y)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

(Sol)

(Insol)

Organ of reference(critical organ in

boldface)

[BoneLiver

{KidneyTotal Body.

I d (LLI).".../Lung\GI (LLI) . . .

fGI ( L L I ) . . .Bone

[Total Body/Lung\GI ( L L I ) . . .

[Bone .Gl (LLI) . .

(Tofal Body./Lung ___"_.\GI (LLI)

Maximumpermissibleburden intotal body

0.050.50.20.4

0.75

0.04

0.3

Maximum permissible concentration:

For 40 hour week

(MPC)U.

2X10"1

2X10-1

3X10-'

8X10"1

0.020.070.5

0.02

7X10-9X^0-

7X10*

(MPC)./

5X10"12

8X 10-'2

9X10"12

1 0 "2 X 1 0 7

lO-io10-'

4X10- '9X10"10

7X10-"10-7

3X10"«2 X 1 0 1 2

2X10~7

10-10

10-7

For 168 hour week

jWcc

4X10-5

7X10-5

7X 10"5

10"'

3X10 4

6 X 1 0 3

0.020.2

6 X 1 0 3

4X10"5

2X10"4

3X10-*

2 X 1 0 4

2X10-'2

nxio-12

3X10"12

5X1O"12

6X10-*4X10-"5X10-"

3 X 1 0 1 0

2XI0-»4X10"10"

5X10 "5X10-"4X10"12

3 X 1 0 "4X10-8

-«(a, 7)

(Sol)

(Ft i so l )

(Sol)

(Insol)

BoneGI (LLI) ...Total Body

/Lung\<il (LM)_

(GI (LLI)Bone

I Total BodyLung..GI (LLI)

0.04

0.3

0.04o.:?

4X10-*7X10-*3XL0-J

7X10 «

7X10-*2X10-»0.01

7X10-

5X10-'22X10-7

4X10-"10'»10"7

2X10-7

2X10-"2X10-'°lO-io

10-'

1 0 *3X10- '10"3

3X10 '

2X10 *6X10-*4X10"3

2X10-*

2 X I 0 1 2

6X 10"»10-"3 X 1 0 "4X10-"

5X10-"7X10"12

5X10-"4X10-"4X10-8

Tn keeping with its previous practice3 when recommending changes in MPD levels, the NCRFsuggests that a 5-year transition period he allowed during which the new values in Table 1 may beput into effect.

toTABLK 2.

Z

3888899090

9193949494

9494959596

9696969898

— liadionurlides which do not reach equilibrium

Radionucl ide

Sr">Ra22"Ac"7

T|,*»Tli"2

Pa"'Np«7

1»U23S1>U239p,,240

p,,24lpM242

Am2"Am2"Cm"'

Cm2"Cm2"Cm2"Cf«»Cf2»

Radioactivehalf-lifeTr (yr)

28162221.88. 0X10<1. 39X10"1

3. 4X10*2. 20X10«89. 62. 44X104

6. 6X103

13. 23. 8X10'4628X1O3

35

18. 42X1O4

6. 6X103

4. 7X102

10

Biologicalhalf-lifeTb (yr)

5045

200200200

200200200200200

200200200200200

200200200200200

n the body within 50 years

Effectivehalf-lifeT (yr)

184420

200200

200200

62200190

12200140200

30

17200190140

10

Percent equil.reached in

50 yr

8656831616

1616431616

941622166<)

8716162297

TABLE 3. Provisional maximum permissible concentration of unidentified radionuclides in water (MPCU)-m

Values that are applicable for occupational exposure (168 hr/wk) to any radionuclide or mixture of radionuclides

Limitations MC/CC of water**

If Sr«°, I129, PI)210, Po2'°, At2", Ra223, Ha224, Ra226 Ac22', Ra22", Th230, Pa231, Th232, and Th-nat are notpresent* the continuous exposure level (MPC)^, is not less than

If Sr90, I129, Pb2'0, Po2'0, Ra223, Ra226, Ra22", Pa231, and Th-nat are not present* the continuous exposurelevel (MPC)*,, is not less than

If Sr"0, Pb2"1, Ra229, and Ra22" are not present* the continuous exposure level (MPC),, is not lessthan

If Ra226 and Ra22* are not present* the continuous exposure level (MPC),,,, is not less than.

In all cases the continuous occupational level (MPC)«,, is not less than- _ _.

3X10-5

2X10-*

6X lO"6

io-«

10-7

•In this cjise "not present" implies the roncerunition of the radionuclide in water is smull compared with the MPC value in table 1.•*Use 1/10 of these values for interim application in the neighborhood of un atomic energy plant.

TABLE 4. Provisional maximum permissible concentration of unidentified radionuclides in air (MPCU)a

Values that art1 applicable for occupational exposure (168 hr/wk) to any radionuclide or mixture of rudionuclidcs

Limitations /ic/cc of air**

If there are no a-emitters and if /3-emitters Sr80, I129, Pb210, Ac227, Ra229, Pa230, Pu241, and Bk*4« are notpresent* the continuous exposure level, (MPC)«, is not less than

If there are no a-emitters and if /3-emitters Pb210, Ac227. Ra228, and Pu241 are not present* the contin-uous exposure level, (MPC)„, is not less than _.

If there are no a-emitters and if /9-emitter Ac227 is not present* the continuous exposure level, (MPC)«,is not less than.

If Ac227, Th23°, Pa23', Th232, Th-nat, Pu23fl, Pu23», Pu240, Pu242, and Cf24' are not present* the continuousexposure level, (MPC)0, is not less than .

If Pa231, Th-nat, Pu23», Pu240, Pu242, and Cf24" are not present* the continuous exposure level, (MPC)O,is not less than

In all cases the continuous occupational level, (MPC)O, is not less than

10-"

10-'2

7X10-'3

4X10-'3

'In this nisc "not present" implies the concentration of the radionuclidc in air is small compared with the MI'C value in table 1."Use 1/10 of these values for interim application in the neighborhood of an atomic energy plant.

TABLE 5. Calculation of MFC of a mixture of radionuclidcsSample of concurrent exposure to several radionuclides tin soluble form) and an external source ol radiation

Source of exposure

Sr»°

N a " _ _

7**

Body organ exposed

Bone .

Total body

Bone

Total body

Total bodv

Bone _ . _ _

Total body

PaA

(MP(PaA

(MP(

(MP(

(MP(

H\L' ~

R;B

LT"~

Iii air*

_1.8X10-'Vc/cc')U 3X lO-'Vc/cc

_1.8X10"'Vc/cc: ) " 9X10-'Vc/cc

4X10-»Vc/cc"Y.E 2xlO-'Vc/cc

2xio-vcc/cr"')" 2X 10-Vc/cc

0.065 rein/week

0.005 rem/weck0.1 ri'in/wcfk-

In

PwA

(MPC)^PwA

PwU

"(MPC)i,PwB

Pu>C

water*

1.5 X 10-Vc/cc4X 10-Vc/cc1.5X 10-Vc/cc1 X 10-Vc/cc

1.3X 10-Vc/ccIX 10-Vc/cc

1.3 X 10-Vc/cc1 X 10-Vc/cc

2 X 10-Vc/ccIX 10-Vc/cc

• The ratios Riven for Sr ", Pu">, and \'a2 ' arc the 0*c/cc prosvnt in air)/(MPC)'.A where (Ml 'C) - , , is the (M7'C)o for element .-t(SrM)aii(l ornan r(bone), etc.

" The ratio given for y Is the (actual RUE dose ratc)/(maxlmum permissible BT)E dose rate).

Submitted for the National Committee on Radiation Protection.

WASHINGTON, December 1958.Lauriston S. Taylor, Chairman.