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Increasing The RelevanceIncreasing The RelevanceOf AVS Within The NASOf AVS Within The NAS

9 January 20079 January 2007

Nominated for Flight International’s “Aerospace Industry Awards” 2005 for EVS

FAA New Technologies Workshop CMC Company Confidential 9 January 20072

CMC shares similar expectations than FAACMC shares similar expectations than FAA(1)(1) on evolution of Advanced Vision Systemson evolution of Advanced Vision Systems

EFVS/SVS Federal AviationAdministration

Technology Evolution

Today

Emerging EFVS Capabilities

SVS Primary Flight Displays

Combined EFVS/SVS

(1) Presentation by Mr. Les Smith on 19 October 2006 at NBAA 2006 in Orlando, FL


Key benefits of EFVSKey benefits of EFVS

1) Increases situational awareness of pilots in difficult operating conditions, often at unfamiliar airports

– Enhanced vision of approach lights and visual references of the runway and its surroundings

– Safer ground ops at night & low visibility conditions

(1) Other than CAT II or CAT III approaches


Key benefits of EFVS Key benefits of EFVS (continued)(continued)


2) Allows straight-in instrument approaches below DA to 100ft Height Above Touchdown (HAT) using EFVS only(1)

– Allows landings in most 1,200 ft RVR conditions• ILS approaches, FMS (LNAV / VNAV) non-precision approaches

(1) Not for CAT II or CAT III approaches. EFVS regulated through FAR 91.175(l)&(m) and FAA Advisory Circular AC 90-EFVS.

Runway Types

CAT I CAT II CAT III

Plus ~ 6,450 Straight-in Non-precision Approaches

200 ft DA

100 ft DA

50 ft DA

½ Mile from Runway Threshold

1,000 Feet from Runway Threshold

3240 432 125

Runway Threshold

Number of runways worldwide


Key benefits of EFVS Key benefits of EFVS (continued)(continued)


2) Allows straight-in instrument approaches below DA to 100ft Height Above Touchdown (HAT) using EFVS only(1)

– Allows landings in most 1,200 ft RVR conditions• ILS approaches, FMS (LNAV / VNAV) non-precision approaches

– National Airspace changing: publication of hundreds of WAAS / SBAS LPV approaches• EFVS a good complement to lower minima from 200 ft (WAAS

LPV) to 100 ft with recognition of approach lights

(1) Not for CAT II or CAT III approaches. EFVS regulated through FAR 91.175(l)&(m) and FAA Advisory Circular AC 90-EFVS.


BBEVSEVS – Live approach to Eagle, CO – Live approach to Eagle, CO

Image recorded from the HUD

EVS ON

Image taken through the HUD

EVS OFF

Images courtesy of Bombardier Aerospace


EFVS - ExpectationsEFVS - Expectations

EXPECTATIONS

In order of priority, operators expect better visibility through:

• Fog

• Nighttime (clear weather)

• Snow

• Rain

• Clouds

Evaluated Performance

What should operators expect from IR systems:

• Poor to Excellent

• Excellent

• Excellent

• Poor to Moderate

• Poor

Key area of focus at CMC to increase mission completion rates, thus reducing airport congestion


Improving light detection within Improving light detection within existing hardwareexisting hardware

Before Before

Before

After After

After In all conditions:• Blooming and saturation is

alleviated• Where appropriate, display of lights

is enhanced• Brightness and contrast is further

optimized

All of this within the confines of existing hardware


Applying other algorithms to further Applying other algorithms to further enhance lights and scene contentenhance lights and scene content


Applying similar algorithms to Applying similar algorithms to outdoor sceneryoutdoor scenery




Evaluating the impact of LED approach lights


LED approach lights can put existing LED approach lights can put existing EFVS at riskEFVS at risk

Context•LED approach lights being considered by FAA

– Looking for reduction in operating cost at airports

• IR emissions better suited for weather penetration than visible light– Foundation of current EFVS certified for lower minima

•LED wavelength undetectable by current EFVS IR sensors if emission only in visible spectrum

• In addition, LED in visible spectrum only requires supplemental mean to prevent mist, snow from impacting effectiveness


LED approach lights can put existing LED approach lights can put existing EFVS at risk EFVS at risk (continued)(continued)

Practical considerations• Installed base of cooled IR EFVS growing rapidly

– Over 300 systems installed to date

– EFVS’s installed base to grow by > 100 aircraft per year• Bombardier’s Globals and Gulfstream’s G450/500/550 already

account for an increase of more than 85 aircraft per year

– FedEx field retrofit to encompass several hundred aircraft


In response, FAA must assess IR In response, FAA must assess IR requirements for approach lightsrequirements for approach lights•Several tests conducted by FAA to assess spectral irradiance of PAR-38 lights– Stated objective: identify near IR requirement for LED

lamps that would be visible to current EFVS• Tests conducted at Optronics Corporation in Orlando, FL

• Gathered data on 60w and 150w PAR-38 lamps, as well as on LIC LED PAR-38 lamps

• Region of interest: 0.75 – 2.5 µm

•Requested CMC’s assistance in defining spectral irradiance requirements– OEMs should also be petitioned as this could have a large

impact on their current EFVS customer base


Cooled EFVS IR sensors fielded today Cooled EFVS IR sensors fielded today perform best at a wavelength of 5perform best at a wavelength of 5µµmm

Peaksensitivity for current dual band IR sensors


IR LED could provide effective compromise IR LED could provide effective compromise between operating costs and airport accessbetween operating costs and airport access

LEDs ≥ 2 times as efficient as Incadescent bulbs: require less than half the power for equivalent Lumen output

Emission effective wavelength of approach lights

Relative IR sensitivity of Focal Plane Array

200W approach lights:Generate 11W radiated power at an effective wavelength of 2.6µm

At 5µm, LED would require 6W to be as effective with current EFVS sensors as a 200W approach light




Summary


Continuing improvements of EFVS are Continuing improvements of EFVS are relevant to the expansion of NAS relevant to the expansion of NAS •Efforts to increase effectiveness of EFVS IR sensors benefit expansion of NAS– Continued improvement in situational awareness increase

safety and confidence of crews

– Improved fog penetration increase mission success rate, use of alternative airports to main hubs

•FAA must ensure that gains from EFVS not sacrificed in favor of lower airport operating costs– Include IR signature requirements for LED approach lights

– Gains at airports more than offset by ensuring efficient and increased airport access, as provided by EFVS


Questions and Questions and DiscussionDiscussion

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Documents

instrument approaches

key benefits of efvs

ft height

evs slide

waas sbas lpv approaches

ft da mile

runway types cat

fl slide