Enyironmental RadiochemicalAnalysis

Edited on behalf of the Radiochemical MethodsGroup of the Royal Society of Chemistry by

G.W.A. NewtonHeron's Reach, 382 Mossy Lea Road, Wrightington,Lancashire WN6 9RZ, UK

RS»CROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY

Contents

1 Fractionation of Ra-226 in Florida Phosphogypsum 1W.C. Burnett, G. Schaefer and M.K. Schultz

2 Leaching of Ra-226 from Syrian Phosphogypsum 21M.S. AlMasri, A.F. AH, M. KhietouandZ. Al-Hares

3 Radium Contamination of Military Sites 30N. Ferguson

4 Radon and Radium Determination in Groundwater from a VolcanicZone in Central Mexico 37N. Segovia, E. Tamez, J.L. Iturbe, P. Pena, A. Hernandez,P. Aranda and R. Lopez-Castanares

5 Radon-222 Measurements in Different Locations in the Region ofCampinas, SP, Brazil 45M.L Bianchi, A. Utemburgue, I.C.S.F. Jardim, K.E. Collins andC.H. Collins

6 Land Snails as Bioindicators of Soil 137Cs and 226Ra Contamination 50M.I. Gaso, N. Segovia, M.L. Cervantes and S. Salazar

7 Improvements in the Evaluation of l37Cs Deposit from SpectraObtained by Field In Situ Nal-spectrometry 58M. Andjelov and D. Brajnik

8 Analytical Determination of Actinides in Biological SamplesUsing the PERALS System 645. Matton, J. Aupiais and P. Fritsch

9 Determination of Americium and Plutonium in ContaminatedSoil Samples 73E. Hrnecek and K. Irlweck

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10 Measurement of the Plutonium Content of Human Fetal andPlacental Tissue 81G.J. Ham

11 Influence of Photochemical Reactions Upon the Redox Cyclingof Pu Between the Solid and Liquid Phases in Seawater 88H.S. Emerson, D. McCubbin and K.S. Leonard

12 Determination of Pu Isotopes at Trace Levels in EnvironmentalSamples: Radioisotopes and Stable Element Evolution During theRadiochemical Method. Comparison of Three RadiochemicalProtocols 97F. Goutelard, D. Calmet and S. Thomas

13 Measurements of Electrosprayed Plutonium Isotopes Using4rc-Alpha Spectrometry (ES-4rcAS) - Application toEnvironmental Samples 111M. Roblot-Charmoille, F. Goutelard and D. Calmet

14 An Intercomparison of Thorium-232 Measurements in UKLaboratories 124J.C.J. Dean, S.M. Jerome, S. McCready-Shea and M.J. Woods

15 Determination of a Uranium Contamination DepthProfile in Concrete 135H. Struwe, T. C. MacMahon and N. Mirzai-Baghini

16 Uranium Behaviour Through the Unsaturated Zone in Soil 143E. T. Romero-Guzman, E. Ordonez Regil, M. V. Esteller Alberichand L. R. Reyes Gutierrez

17 Tritium Measurements After Enrichment in Precipitation Collectedat SCK-CEN Mol 152C. Hurtgen, F. Verrezen, F. Petit, A. Pissart, G. Koch and C. Wastiaux

18 Studies on Gaseous Species of Tritium and Carbon-14 inEnvironmental Air Around Nuclear Establishments 159A.J. Walker and R.L. Otlet

19 Recent Developments in the Analysis of Tritium, Carbon-14 andSulfur-35 Using a Combustion Technique 170D.A. Wickenden

20 Sampling of Gaseous species of 35S in the Vicinity of DifferentNuclear Installations 183A.E. Graven and CD. Collins

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21 Use of a Single Strontium Binding Resin in a Batch ProcessFollowed by Elution and Precipitation of SrCO3 for theEfficient Analysis of 89Sr and 90Sr in Liquid Milk 192D. Tail, G. Haase and A. Wiechen

22 The Determination of Promethium-147 and Samarium-151 UsingExtraction Chromatography 201/. P. Martin

23 Determination of 99Tc in Natural Water: Bio-sensoring VersusDirect Analysis 214J. Hattink and H. Th. Wolterbeek

24 Levels of Technetium-99 in Sea Water and Seaweed in NorwegianCoastal Waters 225A.K. Kolstad, J.E. Brown, A.L. Brungot, B. Lind, A.L. RudjordandP. Strand

25 Determination of Stable and Radioactive Halides by NeutronActivation Analysis 231S.J. Parry, B.A. Bennett, R. Benzing and D. Thompson

26 An Improved Assay for the Determination of Gross Alphaand Beta Activities in Soil via Liquid ScintillationCounting 242R. Wong, W. C. Burnett, S.B. Clark and B.S. Crandall

21 Features Associated with Alpha Spectrometry Using InfinitelyThick Sources 265F. Shiraishi, Y. Takami and T. Hashimoto

28 Chemical Yield Tracers for Radiochemical Analysis 272S.M. Jerome

29 The Use of an Ultrasonic Cleaning Bath in a RadiochemicalLaboratory 283M.S. AlMasri, A. HamwiandH. Mukalati

30 Application of a Radical Geometry for Counting Samples ofMass 10 g to 300 g with a Germanium Detector 289R. Gwozdz and F. Grass

31 A Proficiency Testing Scheme for the Measurement ofRadionuclides in Foods 301/. Toole, R. Carpenter and N. Wood

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32 Ten Years Later - Practical Experience of NAMAS Accreditation -Was it Worth it? 312PC Hodson andA.N. Dell

33 Quality Assurance in Accordance with EN45001 and ISO9001 at theBelgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN 318F. Verrezen, P. Vermaercke and C. Hurtgen

34 Environmental and Chemical Studies on Trace Element Levelsin Some Egyptian Fruit and Condiments 330RM. Awadallah, A.H. Amrallah and F. Grass

35 Duplicate Diet Study: Assessing Radionuclide Intake by Membersof the Public Living in the Vicinity of a Nuclear Establishment 343A.N. Sanchez, N.H. Wood, D.L. Singleton and B. A. Dodd

36 Uptake of Natural Radioactivity by Vegetation Grown NearRadiometric Anomalies 357E.I. Shabana andM.M.-A. Al-Bokari

37 A Practical Approach to the Radiochemical Analysis ofEnvironmental Samples for the Next Millennium 368A. N. Dell and P. C Hodson

38 Distribution of Radionuclides in Root Vegetables - Implicationsfor Dose Assessments 374N. Green and S. Poultney

39 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) for the Detection ofRadionuclides in Particles from Soil Samples 382G. Tamborini, M. Betti, P. Carbol and L. Koch

40 Concentration and Oxidation States of Iron Related toSediment-Water Interaction in Lake Biwa, Japan 394S. Kojima, M. Furukawa, Y. Sakai, K. Ohshita, H. Oda, T. Nakamura,K.-i. Yokoto andM. Yamamoto

Subject Index 405