Liability

PAGE 6240H-

Liability

AG 240-H

Unit objective

This unit is intended to be used by the instructor as a reference for liability issues that may be raised with fabrication projects.

Unit References:

Godfrey, Lex, Burley High School, Burley, ID

Lincoln Electric Company, The Procedure Handbook of Arc Welding, 1973

A. Who is liable if a project or weld fails.

1. Liability can be affected by a number of factors.

a. If the project was sold for a profit the party receiving the profit would be the first to assume liability. Projects can be sold to cover all expenses including:

1) Parts and materials expenses

2) Expendable material expenses (welding rod, gas, etc.)

3) Depreciation of equipment. Projects can be marked up beyond parts and materials to purchase new equipment.

2. If the project is not sold for a profit, the school, teacher, and student can still be liable. However, the liability is less than if the project were sold for a profit.

B. Reducing liability

1. Welding qualifications

a. Prior to welding on a project students should be certified for the same welding processes and positions that will be used on the project.

b. Certifications can be done by the teacher in the shop. You do not have to be a certified welding inspector to be able to qualify students for welding processes.

c. By qualifying students you are saying that at the time the project was built the student was able to produce structurally sound welds.

d. Liability is greatly reduced by qualifying students for welding processes.

2. Inspecting welds

a. If the teacher inspects and passes the welds before the project leaves the shop, then the teacher is assuming all liability.

b. If the welds have been inspected and passed with good knowledge and judgment then there is obviously very little chance that the project will fail.

c. If the teacher does not inspect the welds he/she can still be held responsible for negligence.

2. Sell projects as is

a. Have the buyer sign a form stating that he/she understands that there is no warranty on the project because it was purchased from a school shop at a substantially reduced price.

b. It is the buyers responsibility to inspect the project.

c. If it is written that the project is sold as is the buyer assumes all liability.

C. Welder Qualifications

1. Qualification for welding on material less than " thick.

a. A 60 ( V-groove weld must be done on two coupons that measure a minimum of 6 1/8" long (the length of the weld) x 5" wide and 3/8" thick

b. The root opening must be ".

c. A backing strip that measures at least 3/8" x 1" x length of weld must be used.

d. When the weld cools the backing strip must be removed flush with the surface of the coupons. Grind the face of the weld flush with the welding coupons

-Always grind lengthwise

-Leave no indentations or irregular spots

e. Cut (perpendicular to the weld) and discard one strip from each end leaving 3 in the center of the weld.

f. From the remaining 3" cut two 1 " strips that are perpendicular to the weld.

g. Round the edges of the strips to a 1/16" radius. This insures against failure caused by cracks starting at the sharp corner.

h. Perform a root bend on each strip. The bend must be 180(.

i. Inspect for cracks. The weld passes if any crack or other opening does not exceed 1/8". Cracks at corners are not considered.

2. Electrode and process specifications

a. The electrode used for the qualification procedure should be the same as will be used on the project.

b. Some electrodes will qualify welders to use other electrodes. American welding society codes give those specifications.

c. Qualification with a low-hydrogen (E7018) electrode qualifies a welder to use any electrode.

3. Position specifications

a. Welding position qualifications are as follows:

Test PositionQualifications

Flat 1G1G

Horizontal 2G1G, 2G

Vertical 3G1G, 2G, 3G

Overhead 4G1G, 4G

If student qualify with a in the vertical position they are qualified to weld in all positions except overhead. They have to qualify separately for the overhead position. For welders to be qualified for all positions they must qualify in the vertical and overhead positions.

4. Metal specifications

a. The metal used for the qualification procedure should be of the same yield strength that will be used on the project. Qualification on some metals will qualify welders for other metals. Check American Welding Society codes for more information.

5. Welding certificate

a. Once a student has qualified a welding certificate should be filled out and filed. (see example and blank form in this section)

School Name

Address

Welding Certification (Sample)

The underlined information is to be filled in be the teacher.

Welders NameSuper Welder

Soc. Sec. No. 111-11-1111

Welding Process SMAW

TypeManual

In accordance with Welding Procedure Specification:Shop # that describes weld

BackingBAR

Material Specification Metal # from metal book

Test plate thickness 3/8"Thickness rangeto "

Diameter RangeNAFiller metal specification No. A5.1 # From rod boxClass No. E7018

Other

Position3G Vertical

Gas

% Composition

Electrical Characteristics-CurrentDC

PolarityReverse

Weld ProgressionUphandOther

For Information Only

Filler Material Diameter and Trade Name1/8" Lincoln

Gas Metal Arc Welding Shield Gas Trade Name

Guided Bend Test

TypeFigure No.Results

Side4.13

Face4.12

Root4.12Satisfactory

Test conducted at High School Welding Shop

Laboratory test date

We certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared, welded, and tested in accordance with the requirements of ANSI/AWS D1.1-96Date:___________________________________________________________________

School Instructor

Note: This Performance Qualification Record is not to be used in lieu of an employers Performance Qualification Test. It is a formal statement of the ability of this individual on this date in a training situation only.

School Name

Address

Welding Certification

Welders Name

Soc. Sec. No.

Welding Process

Type

In accordance with Welding Procedure Specification:

Backing

Material Specification

Test plate thickness

Thickness range

Diameter Range

Filler metal specification No.

Class No.

Other

Position

Gas

% Composition

Electrical Characteristics-Current

Polarity

Weld Progression

Other

For Information Only

Filler Material Diameter and Trade Name

Gas Metal Arc Welding Shield Gas Trade Name

Guided Bend Test

TypeFigure No.Results

Side4.13

Face4.12

Root4.12

Test conducted at

Laboratory test date

We certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared, welded, and tested in accordance with the requirements of ANSI/AWS D1.1-96Date:___________________________________________________________________

School Instructor

Note: This Performance Qualification Record is not to be used in lieu of an employers Performance Qualification Test. It is a formal statement of the ability of this individual on this date in a training situation only.