WWIIThe Rise of Hitler

Bell Work• What comes to mind when you think of WWII?

Please write this definition into your notes.

• Totalitarian State: government in which a one-party dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizens’ lives.• Components:a) There is only one political party to choose fromb) The state controls the economyc) Police and spies are used to enforce the will of the stated) The media is censored and controlled by the governmente) Schools and the media are used to indoctrinate and mobilize

citizensf) Unquestioning obedience to a single leader

Central Question: How did Hitler gain control of Germany and build a totalitarian state? (title)

The story of how Hitler came to power and what he did once he had it, is one of the most powerful stories in history. As we learn this story, we will treat it like a novel – charting his rise to power, the climax of his control over the German people in the Kristallnacht, and the falling action of aftermath of the final solution.• Directions• First we will look at conditions in

Germany at the end of WWI• Then, we will popcorn through p.

762-765 and use the graphic organizer to answer our central question.

Germany after WWI• Event 1: The conditions of the Treaty of Versailles hurt the

German economy and shamed the German people• Debt and Inflation • The Kaiser is gone (abdicated during war) Replaced by the

Weimar Republic• Constitution and Democratic system but weak leaders constantly

fight with each other• Blamed for the Treaty of Versailles• War guilt clause• Restrictions on military

• The people want another Bismarck who will promise to restore Germany to her former greatness

Propaganda

Bell Work• What is propaganda?

Propaganda: Information, especially of a biased or misleading

nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or

point of view.

8 Propaganda Techniques

1. Name calling2. Glittering generalities3. Transfer4. Testimonial5. Plain folks6. Bandwagon7. Fear8. Bad logic9. Unwarranted extrapolation

These techniques encourage you to follow non-rational, emotional

drives and to NOT question the information presented instead take it at face value

They encourage you to use a “we” v. “them” mentality

Name Calling• Links a person, or idea, to a negative symbol. The propagandist who

uses this technique hopes that the audience will reject the person or the idea on the basis of the negative symbol, instead of looking at the available evidence.

• The most obvious type of name calling involves bad names. For example, consider the following:

• Commie• Fascist• Pig• Yuppie• Bum• Queer• Terrorist

Glittering Generalities• Name Calling in reverse• Our first and natural reaction is to assume that the speaker is

using the word in our sense, that he believes as we do on this important subject. This lowers our 'sales resistance' and makes us far less suspicious than we ought to be

• Examples: civilization, Christianity, good, proper, right, democracy, patriotism, motherhood, fatherhood, science, medicine, health, and love

Euphemisms• Attempts to pacify the audience in order to make an

unpleasant reality more palatable. This is accomplished by using words that are bland and euphemistic.

• Collateral damage, final solution, War Department -> Department of Defense etc.

Transfer• The propagandist carries over the authority, sanction, and

prestige of something we respect and revere to something he would have us accept

• I know the president, my opponent spends time with dictators etc.

Testimonial• testimonial involves citing individuals who are not qualified to

make judgments about a particular issue• Michael Jordan wants you to buy Nike shoes

Plain Folks• speakers attempt to convince their audience that they, and

their ideas, are "of the people.”• Wearing flannel and jeans in Iowa when you really wear

expensive suits

Bandwagon• “Everyone else is doing it, and so should you." Since few of us

want to be left behind, this technique can be quite successful.• Rent a stadium and fill it with people, make sure the media is

there to see all of it• Use symbols, colors, music, movement, all the dramatic arts.• Addresses specific groups held together by common ties of

nationality, religion, race, sex, vocation.

Fear• Disaster will result if they do not follow a particular course of

action• "The streets of our country are in turmoil. The universities are

filled with students rebelling and rioting. Communists are seeking to destroy our country. Russia is threatening us with her might, and the Republic is in danger. Yes - danger from within and without. We need law and order! Without it our nation cannot survive." - Adolf Hitler, 1932

Bad Logic• Drawing bad conclusions by forcing together facts that don’t

necessarily go together• Premise 1: All Christians believe in God.• Premise 2: All Muslims believe in God.• Conclusion: All Christians are Muslims.or• Premise 1: Hillary Clinton supports gun-control legislation.• Premise 2: All fascist regimes of the twentieth century have

passed gun-control legislation.• Conclusion: Hillary Clinton is a fascist.

Unwarranted Extrapolation• Making huge predictions about the future on the basis of a

few small facts is a common logical fallacy.• Usually used to give a basis to a fear-appeal• “If you allow women to vote, men will lose all of their jobs and

be forced to stay at home while their wives go to work”

What are the techniques used in this modern example of propaganda?• Obamaville

Try out your analytical skills on Nazi propaganda• For each item answer the following:

1. What does it want the viewer to believe or do?2. What techniques are used by the item?3. Is this an effective example of propaganda?

A 1932 election posterOpponents were using bright flashy colors in their posters

'The seed of peace, not dragon's teeth' cartoon of Hitler, from the magazine Kladderadatsch, 22 March 1936

'One People, One Nation, One Leader!' poster of Hitler, 1938

The poster for the 'Eternal Jews' exhibition, 1937

On your own…• Using the ipad click on the Nazi Propaganda Website link on

Mrs. V’s website• Look through the database and choose 2 images and answer

the following questions regarding those images1. Title of piece.2. What does it want the viewer to believe or do?3. What techniques are used by the item?4. Is this an effective example of propaganda?

• You will be asked to share one of your items and your analysis of it tomorrow with the rest of the class

Nuremberg mock trials

Your Role• You may choose which group you would like to be in but it is 1st

come 1st serve:• Judges

• 4 people• Attorneys (you will either argue that the defendant is either guilty or innocent)

• 4 defense• 4 prosecution

• Defense witness (you will create an identity based on research)

• 4 people• Prosecution witness (you will create an identity based on research)

• 4 people• Defendants (you will also choose an identity)

• 4 people• Jury

• The remainder

Counts• 4 Charges• The first was Conspiracy to Wage Aggressive War. • The second charge was Crimes Against Peace, including the

violation of treaties and other agreements. • The third count was War Crimes, such as the use of slave labor

and the unfair treatment of prisoners of war. • The fourth count was Crimes Against Humanity, which involved

the events in concentration and death camps, as well as other vicious attacks on civilians.