wwii ppt.military (1)

8/17/2019 WWII PPT.military (1)

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World War II

1939 - 1945


2/65

The Rise of Fascism

Fascism is a nationalistic politicalphilosophy which is anti-democratic,

anti- communist, and anti-lieral! It puts

the importance of the nation ao"e the

ri#hts of the indi"idual!


3/65

Fascism

Fascist dictators

e#an to ta$e o"er in

parts of %urope in

the 19&'(s and

193'(s due to ad

economic conditions

created y WWI andthe )reat

*epression!


4/65

Italy

+enito ussolini ecame the rimeinister of Italy in 19&&! .e used this

position to outlaw all non-fascist

political parties and soon ecame anddictator!


5/65

)ermany

/dolph .itler ecame

the 0hancellor of

)ermany in anuary,

1933! Throu#h a "arietyof manipulati"e actions,

.itler soon dismantled

the )erman #o"ernmentand ecame a dictator!


6/65

%urope o"es Toward War

1932 )erman troops

mo"ed into the Rhineland!

This was prohiited ythe Treaty of ersailles!

1932 .itler and ussolini

si#ned an alliance, creatin#

the /is!


7/65

The 6panish 0i"il War

1932-39 6panish 0i"il War Fascistforces aided y Italy and )ermany ta$e

o"er 6pain! 7WWII dress rehearsal8!


8/65

ore 6teps Toward War

arch 193 )ermany anneed /ustria!

6ept! 193 unich conference .itler

forced the +ritish and French to #i"e him

the 6udetenland in return for a promise not

to in"ade the rest of 0:echoslo"a$ia!

arch, 1939 .itler too$ o"er

0:echoslo"a$ia!


9/65

War in %urope +e#ins

arch 31, 1939 +ritain and France a#reed toprotect oland in case of a )erman in"asion!

/u#ust, 1939 ;a:i-6o"iet ;on-/##ression

act

6ept! 1, 1939 .itler in"aded oland, startin#

WWII!

6ept, 3, 1939 +ritain and France declared war

on )ermany and )ermany and Italy declaredwar on them!


10/65

The apanese %mpire

apan wanted to epand to meet the landneeds of a #rowin# population and to

otain more raw materials and mar$ets for

its industries! 1931 apan sei:ed anchuria

193


11/65

/merica and WWII

/merica initially stayed out of the war,

ut e#an a na"al uild up in the acific

to counter the epansion of apan! 1939 F*R mo"ed the acific fleet from

6an *ie#o to earl .aror!

*isillusionment from WWI and the )reat*epression contriuted to the popularity

of isolationism in /merica!


12/65

/merican In"ol"ement )rows

;eutrality /cts of the mid to late 193'(s

made it impossile for the >6 to #i"e

loans to nations at war or to allow anycomatant to uy on credit!

F*R had to find other ways to help out

the +ritish and the French in their fi#hta#ainst Fascism!

arch 1941 ?end-lease e#an!


13/65

The /tlantic 0harter

/u#ust 1941 F*R and Winston 0hurchill

met secretly on a ship off the coast of

;ewfoundland to a#ree on war #oals, since

oth foresaw >6 =oinin# the /llies, soon! They a#reed to ensure national so"erei#nty

for all nations and drew up the outline for

the >nited ;ations! This was the /tlantic0harter!


14/65

/merica #ets closer to war

id 1941 apanese forces sei:ed French

territories in Indochina!

In response, the >6 fro:e apanese assets

in the >6 and cut off all trade with apan! /mericans e#an to crac$ the apanese

secret code and intercepted messa#es

sayin# that apan was plannin# to sei:emore islands in the acific!


15/65

rolems in the acific

@ctoer 1941 )eneral To=o ecame rimeinister of apan and wanted war with the

>6!

;o"! 1941 The >6 intercepted messa#esshowin# that a apanese force was mo"in#

towards 6% /sia to ta$e more land!

F*R demanded that it e recalled and that

apan withdraw from conAuered territories!


16/65

earl .aror

apanese ne#otiators a#reed to meet with >6diplomats!

While they met, the apanese decided to sent

a fleet to earl .aror to destroy the >6acific fleet!

*ec! 6 attleships!


17/65

W/R *ec! , 1941 F*R deli"ered a war

messa#e to 0on#ress! Within 3 days, the>6 was at war with apan, )ermany, and

Italy!


18/65

/ )rim Future for the /llies

In an! 194&, the /is powers had a i#

ad"anta#e in %urope! +y then, +ritain

was almost defeated, the /iscontrolled almost all of continental

%urope, and )erman troops had

captured most of ;orth /frica! )erman sus were tryin# to $eep food

and supplies from reachin# +ritain!


19/65

The +attle of the /tlantic

/merican and +ritish

ships fou#ht to

maintain control of the

/tlantic and protect+ritain from defeat!

/llied ships used

6onar to locate and

attac$ )erman sus!


20/65

0asalanca 0onference

anuary 1943 F*R and 0hurchill met

in 0asalanca, orocco!

They a#reed to win the war in %uropeefore concentratin# on the acific!

They a#reed to demand only an

unconditional surrender from all of the /is powers!


21/65

The In"asion of Italy

uly, 1943 /m! Troops commanded y

)eneral )eor#e atton attac$ed 6icily!

3 days later, 6icily fell and ussolini was

o"erthrown y a disillusioned Italianpopulation!

.itler captured ussolini and set up a fascist

state in ;! Italy, and Italian and )erman

troops continued to fi#ht the /llies in Italy!


22/65

War in Italy

6ept! 1943 Italy surrendered to the

allies, and many Italians e#an to fi#ht

a#ainst ussolini and .itler! 6ept! 1943 - an! 1944 >6 forces are

stalled y .itler(s troops !

Finally in anuary, the >6 landed forcesehind the )erman lines at /n:io, =ust

6outh of Rome!


23/65

War in the 6o"iet >nion

une, 1941 )ermany attac$ed the 6o"iet

>nion with 3!2 million )erman soldiers!

The >66R as$ed the >6 for lend-lease

help, ut F*R refused, afraid to e cau#hthelpin# a communist nation!

%"entually, the >66R repelled the )erman

attac$, ut this was only a temporary"ictory!


24/65

The +attle of 6talin#rad

194& )ermany a#ain attac$ed the

>66R, this time concentratin# its

attac$s in the 6outhern part of thecountry!

6ept! 194& the )ermans attac$ed

6talin#rad, a ma=or oil and railroadcenter!


25/65

The +attle of 6talin#rad

From 6eptemer to ;o"emer, 194&, the)ermans shelled and attac$ed the city of

6talin#rad!

The >66R refused to surrender the city andhouse - to - house fi#htin# sa"ed the city

from defeat!

+y late ;o"emer, the >66R launched a

counteroffensi"e and e#an to win the attle!


26/65

/ Turnin# oint

an! 31, 1943 9',''' sur"i"in#

)erman soldiers surrendered to the

6o"iet army in 6talin#rad! This was the turnin# point of the war in

the east after this the >66R ne"er lost

another attle, and the )ermans did notlaunch any more offensi"es in the east!


27/65

War in W! %urope

The >6 e#an to om )ermany in 194&

usin# carpet omin# tactics!

In 1943, the amount of oms dropped in)ermany douled!

+y 1944, the >6 was omin# )ermany

&4 hours a day! The omin# of *resden was one of the

most famous campai#ns of the air war!


28/65

*-*ay

une 2, 1944 /llied troops

commanded y %isenhower landed on

the eaches of ;ormandy and e#anthe in"asion of W! %urope and the

lieration of France!

*espite rutal )erman resistance, &million allied soldiers occupied France

y uly!


29/65

The >6 Frees W! %urope

/merican forces

continued to defeat

the )ermans andfreed aris y

/u#ust, 1944! In

6ept!, +el#ium and.olland were freed

from ;a:i control!


30/65

The +attle of the +ul#e

*ec! 1944 )ermany launched its last

offensi"e in the war attac$in# /mericans

in +el#ium and ?uemour#! atton arri"ed a few days later with

&5',''' men!

This was the lar#est attle e"er fou#ht ythe >6 army and the lar#est attle of

WWII!


31/65

The +attle of the +ul#e

The >6 won the attle! @"er '','''

/mericans fou#ht here and ','''

/mericans died! )ermany fou#ht with o"er & million

soldiers, and lost aout &'',''' men!

/fter this attle, the )ermans reali:edthe war was lost!


32/65

)erman 6urrender

The /mericans continued to om

)ermany and attac$ from the Western

front, while the 6o"iets continued theirattac$s on )ermany from the %ast!

ay , 1945 -% *ay )ermany

surrendered!


33/65

ay,

1945-%

*ay


34/65

The Balta 0onference

Fe! 1945 The C+i# ThreeD met atBalta in the >66R to plan the post-war

world!


35/65

Balta 0onference

/ll a#reed to split )ermany into 4 :ones

of occupation and to also split the capital

city, +erlin! 6talin promised to allow free elections in

the nations his army lierated from

)ermany! 6talin a#reed to enter the war a#ainst

apan soon after the )erman surrender!


36/65

War in the acific

@n *ec! 6

;a"y could e"acuate his men to safety!


37/65

The hilippines

+y arch, 194&, F*R ordered )eneral

ac/rthur to escape to /ustralia! .e

left with the words CI shall return!D @n ay 2, 194&, 11,''' /mericans and

Filipinos surrendered! When the

+ataan eninsula fell, appro!


38/65

+ataan *eath arch

apanese soldiers split the prisoners into#roups of 5''-1''' and marched them 2'

miles to a railroad!

/out 1',''' prisoners died durin# the 2 -1&day march and some were shot y the

#uards!

Those who sur"i"ed were shipped to prison

camps where they were held capti"e for therest of the war!


39/65

+ataan

The apanese

#eneral responsile

for or#ani:in# the

march was one of 2apanese eecuted

for war crimes after

the war!


40/65


41/65

apanese %pansion

apanese forces continued to epand

and were not stopped y allied forces

until the +attle of the 0oral 6ea in ay,194&!

This attle fou#ht entirely with planes

from aircraft carriers! %nemy shipsne"er came within si#ht of one another!


42/65

+attle of the 0oral 6ea

/lthou#h oth the >6 and

the apanese na"y lost

aout 1E& of their forces,this attle stopped the

apanese from

estalishin# the asesthey needed to in"ade

/ustralia!


43/65


44/65

The +attle of idway

une 4, 194& This attle was also

fou#ht entirely from the air!

The >6 destroyed 3 of the 4 apaneseaircraft carriers while they were still

loadin# oms in their planes! This

carried with it the loss of &5' apaneseplanes!

This was the last apanese offensi"e!


45/65

+attle of )uadalcanal

1st >6 offensi"e of the acific war!

/u#ust 194& 11,''' >6 arines landed

at )uadalcanal in the 6olomon Islandsand aout &,&'' apanese fled into the

=un#le! They fou#ht there for 3 months!

Fe! 1943 apan aandoned)uadalcanal!


46/65

Island-.oppin#

From Feruary 1943 on, the >6 forces

e#an to selecti"ely attac$ enemy-held

islands in the acific! The apanese fiercely defended their

positions and oth sides suffered hea"y

casualties!


47/65

/merican @ffensi"es

The >6 first captured the rest of the

6olomon islands and then the )ilert

islands! /fter sei:in# the island of Tarawa in the

)ilert islands, it was used y >6

/dmiral ;imit: to launch omin# raidson apanese ases in the arshall

islands!


48/65

ore >6 @ffensi"es

+y Fe! 1944, the >6 had crippled

apanese air power and sei:ed the

arshall islands! +y une, 1944, the >6 captured parts of

the ariana Islands!

The ariana Islands were importantecause they enaled >6 planes to

om apanese cities!

The hilippines


49/65

The hilippines id-@ctoer 1944 >6 forces in"aded the

hilippine island of ?eyte! /lthou#h the >6 Auic$ly

captured the island, a hu#e na"al attle ensued!

The apanese used $ami$a:e pilots for the 1st

time in this attle!

The +attle of ?eyte )ulf was the lar#est in ;a"alhistory, en#a#in# more than &' warships! /s a

result of the attle, the apanese na"y was "irtually

destroyed!


50/65

apanese ami$a:es

apanese $ami$a:es were suicide

pilots who crashed their planes which

were hea"ily loaded with oms intoallied ships!

*urin# the war, the >6 eperienced

aout 4,9'' $ami$a:e attac$s whichdestroyed 5< /merican ships and

dama#ed aout 25' others!


51/65

/

ami$a:e

ilot


52/65

The hilippines

/fter securin# ?eyte, the >6 in"aded

?u:on in an attempt to capture anila,

the capital city of the hilippines! In one month(s time, 1'',''' Filipinos

died, ',''' apanese died, and &


53/65

The +attle of Iwo ima

The attle for this 14 sAuare mile island was

one of the loodiest attles of the war!

&5,''' apanese protected the small roc$y

island and it too$ o"er 11',''' /mericans to

defeat them! @nly &12 apanesesurrendered--the rest died!

ore >6 medals of honor were #i"en for this

attle than any other sin#le attle of the war!

arines Raisin# the >6 Fla#


54/65

arines Raisin# the >6 Fla#

at Iwo ima


55/65

/merican @ffensi"es

Iwo ima was located aout


56/65

+attle of @$inawa

/pril-une 1945 In another loody attle,nearly 1'',''' apanese defended the island

from an allied force of 1',''' soldiers and

1,3'' warships!

apanese $ami$a:es launched nearly &,'''attac$s a#ainst the +ritish and /merican fleets!

This was the sin#le loodiest attle of the

acific war with nearly 5',''' allied deathsand 93,''' apanese deaths!

@$i


57/65

@$inawa


58/65

The +omin# of .iroshima

/u#ust 2, 1945 @nresident Truman(sorders, the %nola

)ay dropped anatomic om on thecity of .iroshima!

It destroyed aout9'G of the city and$illed aout 14','''people!


59/65


60/65

;a#asa$i

When the omin# of .iroshima did not

elicit a surrender from the apanese

#o"ernment, a &nd atomic om wasdropped on ;a#asa$i on /u#ust 9,

1945!

The om on ;a#asa$i was eAuallydestructi"e and led to a apanese

surrender!


61/65

*ay


62/65

- *ay

/u#ust 14, 1945 apan a#reed to an

unconditional surrender!

The formal surrender was si#ned on

6eptemer &, 1945 on the >66

issouri in To$yo +ay, officially endin#WWII!

The Results of the War


63/65

The Results of the War /fter the defeat of the /is powers, all

territories that had een ta$en o"er y apanwere returned to their pre-war status!

/ll of the )erman-occupied territories were

supposed to e #i"en free elections, ut onlythe W! %uropean nations ecame democratic!

6talin refused to honor the Balta a#reements

and made %! %urope into a series of

0ommunist dictatorships!


64/65

World War II /llied *eaths

;ation ilitary 0i"ilian Total

France 1&&,''' 466R 11,''',''' 2,


65/65

World War II /is *eaths

;ation ilitary 0i"ilian Total

)ermany 3,&5',''' &,35',''' 5,2'','''

Italy &&2,9'' 2',''' &2,9''

apan 1,

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