wte in scandinavia - b2match · • landfilling in scandinavia • energy recovery from waste •...

WTE in SCANDINAVIA Nils C. Holm Director Ramboll WTE

2

OVERVIEW

Subjects

• Landfilling in Scandinavia

• Energy Recovery from Waste

• District Heating

• EfW Plants in Denmark and Scandinavia

• Economics of EfW

• Carbon footprint of waste management

• Organisation and financing of the waste sector in Denmark

• Plant examples

4

LANDFILL BANS and TAX IN SCANDINAVIA

• Landfill ban introduced

• Denmark 1997

• Sweden 2002/2005

• Norway 2009

• Landfill tax (2011)

• Denmark 63 EUR /ton

• Sweden 43 EUR/ton

• Norway 59 EUR/ton

• Why:

• High cost of landfilling

• CO2 emission and other greenhouse gases

• Difficult location aspects

• Public opinion against landfills

• Reduction in the use of resources (oil, gas, coal, materials)

• Energy self sufficiency

5

WHY EFW?

• Contribution to energy self-sufficiency

• Carbon footprint (see later)

• Economic (see later)

• It works - all grate-fired proven technology

• In Denmark always heat export. DH network determines size of plant. DoE historically must approve capacity and configuration (Heat-only or CHP)

• DH from EfW plants is cheaper than own oil/gas for the consumer

6

EFW IN SCANDINAVIA

U S S R

U S

S R

GULF O

F B

OTHNIA

Gulf of FinlandB A L T

I C

S E

A

Katte

gat

SKAGERRAK

N O

R T

H S

E A

A R C T I C O C E A N

BARENTS SEA

A T

L A

N T

I C

O

C E

A N

NORWEGIANSEA

S W

E

D

E

N

N O

R

W

A

Y

F I N

L

A

N

D

8

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

1 tonne of waste

2 MWh heat 2/3 MWh electricity

9

EXAMPLE: ENERGY FROM EFW IN DENMARK

3.5 million tonnes of waste incinerated

Electricity 1.5 million MWh

430,000 households

17% of all households

Heat 6.5 million MWh

360,000 households

14% of all households

10

DISTRICT HEATING IN COPENHAGEN

12

=

COST OF EFW: EXAMPLE – POWER ONLY

Example: New plant 150,000 tpa, EU Directive 2000 Construction cost:130 m EUR

Costs – average year

§ Amortisation

§ Operation

§ Maintenance

= EUR/tonne

110

Income from sale of electricity

0.66 MWh/t x 50 EUR/MWh = ÷ 35

Net treatment cost: Energy from Waste - PO EUR/tonne 75

= EUR/tonne

•2011 price level •Prudential Financing •No extra overheads/profits •Indicative costs only!

13

=

COST OF EFW: EXAMPLE – CHP

Example (continued) New CHP plant 150,000 tpa - EU Directive 2000

Treatment cost: Energy from Waste (as above) EUR/tonne 75

Sale of heat: 20 EUR/MWh x 2 MWh/ton = EUR/tonne 40

Net treatment cost (CHP) = EUR/tonne 35

14

ORGANISATION IN DENMARK

• 90% of the 29 plants are publicly owned and operated by municipal or inter-municipal companies.

• Not-for-profit companies

• Municipalities underwrite loans => very cheap financing

• Construction: Process plant normally through 2-3 DB type contracts (maximise risk vs. competition).

• Projects are completed on time and on budget

• Availability is fine – 8000 hours

• Staffing levels are fine

• Operational cost are normal

• Tipping fees are the lowest in Europe

• No municipal step-in has ever been required

15

ORGANISATION IN OTHER COUNTRIES

• Private Involvement?

• DB + O

• DBO

• DBFO (private ownership of facility)

• Germany – mix (Public, DBO, DBFO)

• France – mix (Public, DBO)

• UK – mainly DBFO (”PFI”, but DBOs are happening)

• Low risk to municipality BUT very complex and expensive transactions, very unflexible, VFM?, off balance sheet?

• Very significant government grants

• USA - DBO

16 May 2008 Bettina Kamuk - the Public Perception Challenge

How to overcome the challenge

Low emissions

High energy efficiency

High quality

Create a landmark – nice appearance

Be open – offensive not defensive

Involve local people/layman and let them talk

Remember all stakeholders

Select only one site after a careful screening

17

ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS

• Some of the projects we are or have been involved in……

AMAGERFORBRÆNDING, COPENHAGEN, DENMARK

• Green-field WtE facility

• 2 x 280,000 tonnes of waste annually

+ prepared for 50% extension

• Energy output: 400,000 MWh

electricity and 1,000,000 MWh heat

per year

• From project analysis and planning to

commissioning

• M&E

• Commissioning: 2015

KARA/NOVEREN, ROSKILDE, DENMARK

• New waste-to-energy unit

• 200,000 tpa

• From project analysis and

planning to contract negotiations

• M&E


SYSAV, MALMÖ, SWEDEN

• Two new units and retrofit of two

existing units

• 2 x 210,000 tpa + 2 x 96,000 tpa


planning to commissioning

• M&E and civil works

• Commissioning: 2008 + 2003

KRISTIANSAND, NORWAY

• Green-field waste-to-energy

facility

• 120,000 tpa





I/S FASAN, DENMARK • Green-field waste-to-energy

facility

• 65,000 tpa





TAS, DENMARK • New Unit for waste-to-energy

facility 80,000 tpa





HAMAR, NORWAY • New green-field waste-to-energy facility. 72,000 tpa

• Consultant on all phases and aspects: From project planning to commissioning

• M&E in three DB lots

• Year: 2007-2012

• Supplier: BWV/Alstom

• Taken over end 2011

UDDEVALLA, SWEDEN • Green-field waste-to-energy

facility

• 88,000 tpa



• M&E


Ramboll WTE

ISLE OF MAN • Green-field waste-to-energy

facility:70,000 tpa

• 25 year DBO contract

• Clients Representative


planning to project follow-up and

supervision of O&M

• Supplier: Babcock Borsig Power

/Seghers


Ramboll WTE

LINCOLNSHIRE • Green-field waste-to-energy facility. Base case: 150,000 tpa DBO contract (options allowed)

• Technical advisor for LCC on: OBC, planning design, procurement, construction, commissioning and operation (in JV with Gifford and FTC).

• Contract signed 2011

• WRG with CNIM


Contractors proposed design

HERTFORDSHIRE, UK • A PFI residual waste treatment contract.

• DBO reference case: 270,000 tpa WTE facility.

• Technical advisor for HCC on the procurement of the contract.

• District Heating.

• Contract signed: 2011


Ramboll WTE

USA • Maryland - Green-field 500,000 tpa WtE

facility. Evaluation of technical proposals

• York, PA - Expansion of existing WtE

facility. Procurement planning and

implementation

• Salt Lake City, Utah - Evaluation of

alternative waste management

technologies

• West Palm Beach: Strategic

Engineering advisor

30 2010-09-13 NCH - meeting with Rumania

THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION!

Nils Christian Holm

[email protected]

wte in scandinavia - b2match · • landfilling in scandinavia • energy recovery from waste •...

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