wss welding symbols study guide lf

8/16/2019 WSS Welding Symbols Study Guide LF

1/88UPDATE 1

ObjecvesAer compleng this

learning unit you should be

able to:

♦ Describe the key

elements of a welding

symbol

♦ Explain the concept of

the arrow side and other

side of a joint

♦ Describe the symbols

used for llet welds,

groove welds, arc spot

welds, plug welds, slot

welds and stud welds ♦ Idenfy the elements

of the welding symbols

referenced in ISO 2553-1.

Copyright © 2015 CWB Group Industry Services

Acorn Course Student ID

cwbinstute Building Futures

This material is for the sole use of the student indicated. It is not

to be duplicated or shared in any form. Failure to abide by the

copyright rules will result in terminaon of future access to Acorn

material and programs.

Use of this material

2E1


2/88Page 2Copyright © 2015 CWB Group Industry Services

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Welding Symbols

WSS Study Guide JS2-1

Table of Contents

Intermediate Welding Symbols

Introducon 4

Lesson 1

Objecves 5

1. Fundamental Concepts 5

1.1 Weld Symbols 6

1.2 Supplementary Symbols 10

1.3 Welding Symbols 11

2. Types of Joints and Welds 14

2.1 Types of Joints 14

2.2 Types of Welds 16

2.2.1 Groove Weld 16

2.2.2 Fillet Weld 20

2.2.3 Plug and Slot Welds 20

2.2.4 Surfacing Weld 21

3. Arrow Side/Other side 22

4. Fillet Welds 24 4.1 Equal Leg Size 25

4.2 Unequal Leg Size 25

4.3 Intermient Fillet Welds 27

4.3.1 Basic Intermient Fillet Welds 28

4.3.2 Chain Intermient Fillet Welds 28

4.3.3 Staggered Intermient Fillet Welds 29

5. Exercises 30



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Table of Contents

Intermediate Welding Symbols

Lesson 2

Objecves 35

6. Groove Welds 35

6.1 Back-Gouging 37

6.2 Paral Joint Penetraon Groove Welds 38

6.3 Combined Welding Symbols 42

6.4 Bevelled Joints 44

6.5 Mulple Reference Lines 45

6.6 Flare Groove Welds 46

7. Exercises 47

8. Other Welds 52

8.1 Plug Welds 52

8.2 Slot Welds 55

8.3 Arc Spot Welds 61

8.4 Stud Welds 62

8.5 Surfacing 64

8.6 Brazed Joints 65

9. Nondestrucve Examinaon 66

10. Introducon to ISO 2553-1 67

Exercise Answers 76

Exam Exercise 81



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Introducon

This publicaon has been prepared primarily to assist personnel qualify

as welding supervisors under the provisions of CSA Standard W47.1,

Cercaon of Companies for Fusion Welding of Steel .

Other personnel, such as welding inspectors, engineers and those

responsible for quality, will nd this publicaon benecial.

It contains background informaon on welding symbols referenced in

Canadian and Internaonal Standards. This document is not intended

to replace study courses, reference books or other pernent technical

literature which supervisors are encouraged to read.

The following reference sources should be available for this learning unit: ♦ CWBi - Welding Symbols Study Guide

♦ CWBi - Welding Symbols Poster and Quick Reference Card

♦ AWS A2.4 – Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing and

Nondestrucve Examinaon



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Objecves

Aer compleng this lesson you should be able to:

♦ Idenfy the dierent types of joints and welds

♦ Describe the key elements of a welding symbol

♦ Explain the concept of the arrow side and other side of a joint

♦ Describe the symbols used for connuous and intermient llet welds

1. Fundamental Concepts

Welding symbols are a universal system of signs, rules and convenons

for conveying and placing informaon on drawings. They are intended tofacilitate communicaon between the designer, fabricaon and inspecon

personnel and provide the means for graphical representaon of welds,

brazes and nondestrucve methods on drawings.

The symbols do not eliminate the need for appropriate interacon

between the design, draing and producon personnel and any issues

should be resolved before producon starts. To avoid costly redesign and/

or repairs, symbols must be understood and used. It is important that all

relevant personnel in the manufacturing chain be trained and familiarized

with the concepts and applicaon of welding symbols.

In welding symbols terminology there are three standard terms that need

to be clearly understood. They are:

♦ weld symbols

♦ supplementary symbols

♦ welding symbols

Lesson 1

Typical welding symbol FIG. 1



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1.1 Weld Symbols

Weld symbols designate and graphically idenfy each type of weld. The

shape of the weld symbol is drawn to reect the conguraon of the

fusion faces, as seen in vercal cross secon of the joint. This is illustrated

for llet, plug and groove welds in Figure 2.

Weld symbols for llet, plug, V-groove and back or backing weldsFIG. 2



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The weld symbols and corresponding welds for bevel groove, square

groove, U-groove and J-groove welds are shown in Figure 3.

Weld symbols for bevel, square, U- and J-groove weldsFIG. 3



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The weld symbols and corresponding welds for groove, surfacing and arc

spot welds are shown in Figure 4.

Weld symbols for are groove and surfacing weldsFIG. 4

In the placing of weld symbols on the reference line there is one importan

convenon that must be observed for weld symbols that have one vercal

line in their make-up. The rule requires that the vercal line must always

be on the le side in the weld symbol. The weld symbols shown in Figure

5 are incorrect because the vercal line is to the right of weld symbol.

Incorrect Welding symbolsFIG. 5



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The types of welds covered by the Standard AWS A2.4, Standard

Symbols for Welding, Brazing and Nondestrucve Examinaon, and the

corresponding basic weld symbols are shown in Figure 6.

Basic Weld symbolsFIG. 6



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1.2 Supplementary Symbols

Supplementary symbols are always used in conjuncon with a welding

symbol, and provide addional informaon to complete the weld.

Examples are shown in Figures 7 and 8.

Supplementary symbols for weld all around, llet weld and melt-throughFIG. 7



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Supplementary symbols for a backing bar and for at, convex and concave weld

contours.FIG. 8

1.3 Welding Symbols

Welding symbols provide informaon with respect to the geometry of

preparaon, t-up and welding of joints. There are three key elements;

the arrow, the reference line and the tail (see Figure 9). However, only

the reference line and the arrow are required elements, as the welding

informaon may be conveyed by other means such as drawing notes or

details, specicaons, standards, codes or other drawings. These other

means eliminate the need to include the corresponding elements in the

welding symbol.



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Key elements of a welding symbol FIG. 9

The tail of the symbol is typically used for specifying the applicable:

♦ welding, brazing and cung process.

♦ specicaon.

♦ procedure.

♦ supplementary informaon.

The process data may include ller metal, back-gouging, peening or other

operaons, and other pernent data that should be known.

The notaon placed in the tail dealing with this data is normally

established by the user.

All the basic elements of a typical welding symbol, including reference

to supplementary symbols and their specic, designated locaons, are

shown in Figure 10. The reference to a designated locaon does not imply

mandatory use in every welding symbol.

The arrow of the welding symbol must point to a line, locaon, or area

that specically idenes the joint, locaon, or area to be welded.



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Standard locaon of the elements of a welding symbol FIG. 10



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2. Types of Joints and Welds

2.1 Types of JointsIn order to know how to apply and read welding symbols, it is necessary to

understand the meaning of joints, their types, and the types of applicable

welds.

AWS A3.0, Welding Terms and Denions, describe a joint as the “juncon

of members or the edges of members that are to be or have been joined”.

The reference to “juncon of members” describes the area of common

contact between the two members as shown in Figure 11.

Joint

FIG. 11

The assembly on the right of Figure 11 consists of three plates. How many

joints are there?

Select your answer from the following, and then read below for the

correct answer:

♦ One joint only ♦ Two joints

♦ Three joints

♦ Four joints



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Answers and comments on the answers

One Joint only - No. You are thinking of one assembly that aer welding

will form one weldment. A weldment is an assembly whose component

parts are joined by welding.

Two Joints - This answer is correct. The three plates form two joints. The

actual joint is the faying area in contact with the centre plate.

Three Joints - No. You are considering three plates, which form part of the

assembly.

Four Joints - No. Perhaps you are considering each side of the joint. For

example, there are four sides where llet welds could be made. However,

these are only two areas of faying surfaces.

There are ve basic joints, although many variaons of these result from

the manner of preparaon and assembly. These ve joints shown in Figure

12, are termed bu joint, corner joint, tee joint, lap joint and edge joint.

The ve basic jointsFIG. 12



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2.2 Types of Welds

The 3 basic types of welds are:

♦ Groove weld

♦ Fillet weld

♦ Plug and slot welds

2.2.1 Groove Weld

A groove weld is dened as “a weld made in the groove between two

members to be joined”. There are many dierent shapes of grooves.

Figure 13 shows one type of groove weld.

Groove welds can be classied as shown in Figure 14:

In terms of eciency:

♦ complete joint penetraon groove welds (CJP)

♦ paral joint penetraon groove welds (PJP)

In terms of shape:

♦ Square

♦ Bevel

♦ “V”

♦ “J”

♦ “U”

♦ Flare bevel

♦ Flare –V and

♦ Flare bevel llet

A groove weld

FIG. 13



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Classicaon of groove weldsFIG. 14



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Groove welds may be single or double sided as shown in Figures 15A and

15B.

Single sided groove weldsFIG. 15A



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Double sided groove weldsFIG. 15B


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2.2.4 Surfacing Weld

All welds are composed of one or more weld beads, a bead being a single

run or pass of weld metal. A weld bead or beads may be applied to a

surface, as opposed to making a joint, to obtain the desired properes or

dimensions. Such a weld is called a “surfacing weld”, as shown in Figure

18.

Plug weld and slot weldsFIG. 17

Surfacing weldsFIG. 18



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3. Arrow Side/Other Side

In working with symbols, the rst step is to locate the joint i.e. the area of

common contact between the members to be welded and idened by

the arrow.

The second step is to look for the informaon connected to the reference

line.

The arrow side of the joint is the side to which the arrow points. The

opposite side is the other side of the joint.

Figure 19 illustrates the arrow side and the other side of a llet weld.

Illustraon of the arrow side and the other side of a llet weld

FIG. 19



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The other side of a joint is determined by following the joint line from the

arrow side to the other side as shown in Figure 20.

Arrow side/other side of jointsFIG. 20



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Because of the importance of understanding the arrow and other sides of

a joint, an example using a cruciform joint is shown in Figure 21.

4. Fillet Welds

The llet weld size “S” must be shown for each weld symbol on the same

side of the reference line as the weld symbol.

The size must appear to the le of each weld symbol. When the llet

welds are on both sides of the joint, their sizes must be specied whether

the dimensions are idencal or dierent.

Cruciform joint FIG. 21

Fillet weld sizeFIG. 22



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4.1 Equal Leg Size

When the weld size is indicated on the weld symbol, both legs are that

size.

4.2 Unequal leg size

Designers may require the leg sizes to be dierent and this must beidened on the welding symbol. The size of a llet weld “S” with unequal

legs is also specied to the le of the weld symbol.

To avoid guessing which size is applicable to each leg and for clarity

purposes, weld orientaon is shown on the drawing.

Equal Leg Fillet WeldsFIG. 23

Unequal leg llet weldsFIG. 24



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Three applicaons of llet weld symbols are shown in Figure 25.

Applicaon of llet weld symbolsFIG. 25



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4.3 Intermient Fillet Welds

Intermient llet welds can be divided into three types, with the last two

being applicable to double llet welds:

1. basic intermient llet welds, applicable to a single line of llet welds;

2. chain intermient llet welds,

3. staggered intermient llet welds

If a llet weld extends for the full length of the joint, there is no need to

specify length on the welding symbol. The lengths and posion of the llet

welds are placed next to the llet weld symbol – the size to the le and

length or pitch to the right.

The pitch of intermient llet welds is dened as the distance betweenthe centres of adjacent weld segments on one side of the joint and is

specied to the right of the length dimension on the symbol

If the arrow side and the other side of the joint are to be welded using

intermient llet welds, a pitch must be designated for each side or, in

other words, for each line of weld.

The symbols and dimensions for intermient llet welds are shown in

Figure 26.

Intermient llet weld symbolsFIG. 26



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4.3.1 Basic Intermient Fillet Welds

The basic intermient llet weld has one line of welds.

4.3.2 Chain Intermient Fillet Welds

The disnguishing characterisc of chain intermient llet welds is the

alignment of weld segments, which must be opposite one another across

the joint as shown in Figure 27.

Chain Intermient llet weldsFIG. 27



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Staggered intermient llet weldsFIG. 28

4.3.3 Staggered Intermient Fillet

Welds

Staggered intermient llet welds also involves double-llet welds in two

lines; however, the centres of weld segments on each side of the joint are

oset in relaon to one another.

This is reected in the llet weld symbols, which are oset on opposite

sides of the reference line. The dimensions of staggered intermient llet

welds are specied on both sides of the reference line.

There is no signicance aached to the onset of staggering, as to whether

it should commence on the arrow side or on the other side of the joint.

Figure 28 shows a typical joint to illustrate this concept.



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5. Exercises

Complete the following exercises. The answers are provided at the end of

the learning unit.

Exercise 1

Draw the appropriate symbol for the weld shown.

Exercise 2

Draw the appropriate symbol for the welds shown.



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Exercise 3

Draw the appropriate symbols for the welds shown.

Exercise 4




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Exercise 5

Select the welding symbol that corresponds to the llet welds shown



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Exercise 6

Select the welding symbol that corresponds to the llet welds shown.



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Exercise 7

Select the welding symbol that corresponds to the llet welds shown.



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Lesson 2Objecves

Aer compleng this lesson you should be able to:

♦ Describe the symbols used for complete and paral joint penetraon

groove welds

♦ Explain the use of combined symbols and mulple reference lines

♦ Describe the symbols used for arc spot welds, plug welds, slot welds

and stud welds

♦ Idenfy the welding symbols referenced in ISO 2553-1

6. Groove Welds

The elements that dene groove welds are:

♦ The depth of preparaon, also described as the depth of chamfer, on

each side of the joint (arrow side and other side) and designated by

the capital leer “S”.

♦ The bevel or groove angle, the angle at which member preparaon is

made.

♦ The root opening, the space required for proper ng of the two

members in the joint, with the primary objecve to provide adequate

access for welding and proper fusion in the root area.

In the example shown in Figure 29, the depth of preparaon is 9 mm,

the groove angle is 60 degrees and the root opening is 3 mm. Note the

locaon of dimensions in relaon to the symbol.



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Groove welding symbol FIG. 29

Completed groove weld FIG. 30

The completed weld for the welding symbol is shown in Figure 30.



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6.1 Back-Gouging

When back-gouging is required, the welding symbol must include a

reference to back-gouging in the tail as shown in Figure 31. For non-

symmetrical double groove welds, the symbol needs to show the required

groove depth for each side of the joint and include the required groove

angles. For both single groove welds and symmetrical double groove

welds without root faces, the welding symbol does not need to show the

depth of groove dimensions. Reference to notes can be included in the tail

of the welding symbol.

BackgougingFIG. 31



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6.2 Paral Joint Penetraon Groove

Welds

When used, the depth of preparaon “S” and groove weld size “(E)” are

placed to the le of the weld symbol as shown in Figure 32.

The groove weld size (E) may have dierent terms associated with it. It

used to be called the throat of a groove weld. CSA Standard W59, refers to

it as “eecve throat” or “joint penetraon”. The AWS A3.0 denes it as

“joint penetraon”.

In a praccal sense, achievement of the size of (E) depends largely on the

root geometry of the joint, the welding process, and the parameters of the

welding procedure.

Symbols for groove weld depth of preparaon and penetraonFIG. 32



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The applicaon of the depth of groove and groove weld size is illustrated

in Figures 33 and 34.

The size (E) is measured from the top of the plate to the furthest point

where the weld penetrates the joint. The value of (E) may be less than “S”(see Figure 33); however, it may also be greater than “S” (see Figure 34).

Applicaon of depth of preparaon and groove weld size (E) smaller than “S” FIG. 33



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Applicaon of depth of preparaon and groove weld size (E) greater than “S” FIG. 34

In the most common welding symbol use, both the depth of preparaon

and the groove weld size will be found. These symbols will apply equally

to single- and double-groove welds; however, they are typically more

prevalent in cases of paral penetraon than complete penetraon

grooves. Examples of double-sided welds and the corresponding welding

symbols are shown in Figure 35.



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Double groove welds in joints with paral joint penetraonFIG. 35



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Square-groove welds - only groove weld specied

FIG. 36

6.3 Combined Welding Symbols

Depending on their complexity, joints may require one or more than one

type of weld symbol. For joints requiring more than one type of weld, a

symbol must be used to specify each weld. This rule is illustrated by the

welding symbols in Figure 37.

The joints may have paral penetraon or complete penetraon,

depending on thickness and penetraon characteriscs of the welding

process used.

Another area of potenal applicaon of this type of symbol on shopdrawings is for grooves welded mainly from one side and requiring only

a one-pass weld from the other side. This laer weld may be a square-

groove weld, if the fusion faces in the root are the remaining parts of the

original square-cut preparaon.



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Combined welding symbolsFIG. 37



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6.4 Bevelled Joints

Would you accept the joint preparaons shown in Figure 38, based on the

welding symbol shown?

Figure 38 (a) – No, the arrow of the welding symbol should point to the

edge that is to be prepared. The other plate should have been bevelled.

Figure 38 (b) – Yes, in this case it is apparent that only one of the two

plates can be bevelled (the vercal plate) and the arrow does not have to

point to the edge that is to be bevelled.

Bevelled JointsFIG. 38

(a)

(b)



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6.5 Mulple Reference Lines

The objecve of mulple reference lines is to provide the welding symbol

with the capability to specify the sequence of welding operaons, as well

as to provide addional informaon related to the examinaon of welds

or other operaons.

The rule that applies to sequencing states that the rst operaon is

to shown on the reference line closest to the arrow. All subsequent

operaons follow the same sequencing order as the reference lines

move away from the arrow. In the example shown in Figure 39, the rst

operaon is the welding of the single-bevel groove weld on the arrow

side, then the llet weld on the other side and lastly the llet weld

reinforcement on the arrow side.

Mulple reference linesFIG. 39



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6.6 Flare Groove Welds

With the increasing use of hollow structural secons and circular or

tubular proles in welded fabricaon, the applicaon of are bevel groove

welds seem to follow this trend. There are two basic types of are-

grooves: are-bevel and are-V-groove welds. The weld symbols for these

grooves also reect the shape of the joint which contains them (see Figure

40). There is no preparaon involved for these grooves, as their curved

conguraon forms a joint in a natural way.

Flare-V and are-bevel weldsFIG. 40



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7. Exercises

Exercise 8


Exercise 9




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Exercise 10


Exercise 11

Draw the weld indicated by the welding symbol shown.



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Exercise 12

Draw the weld indicated by the welding symbol shown.

Exercise 13

Select the symbol that corresponds to the illustraon shown.



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Exercise 14

Select the welding symbol that corresponds to the illustraon shown

Exercise 15




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Exercise 16

Select the symbol that corresponds to the welds shown.

Exercise 17

Draw the appropriate symbol for the welds shown.



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8. Other Welds

8.1 Plug WeldsPlug welds are other types of welds produced by an electric arc welding

process. Although not used as extensively as groove and llet welds, they

have found their own area of applicaon in welded construcon.

A plug weld can be dened as “a weld made in a circular hole in one

member of a joint fusing that member to another member.” Slot welds are

made in an elongated hole and the hole may be open at one end. Fillet-

welded holes do not conform to these denions.

Plug and slot welds share the same shape of weld symbol, which is

represented by a rectangle, irrespecve of whether the fusion faces inside

the hole or slot are perpendicular or sloping.

Arrow-side holes to be plug welded are specied by placing the plug weld

symbol below the reference line and other-side holes are specied by

placing the plug weld symbol above the reference line.

Dimensions that must be idened are the:

♦ diameter at the root

♦ pitch ♦ angle of countersink and

♦ depth of ll

The locaon of the elements of a plug weld welding symbol are shown in

Figure 41.



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Locaon of the elements of a plug weld symbol FIG. 41

The plug welding symbol and dimensions and the nished plug weld are

shown in Figure 42.

Dimensioned plug weld and the nished weld FIG. 42



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Figures 43 shows the applicaon of a plug weld symbol when combined

with dimension lines and specied dimensions for diameter, depth of

lling and the centre-to-centre spacing or pitch. In this example, the plug

weld size is 40 mm diameter, the depth of ll is 16 mm and the pitch is 160

mm.

Plug weld exampleFIG. 43



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8.2 Slot Welds

Slot Weld Example #1

What is the required depth of ll for this slot weld?

Slot weld depth of ll FIG. 44



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The depth of ll for the slot weld is 1/2“ as shown.

Slot weld depth of ll answer FIG. 45



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What is the pitch of these slot welds?

Slot weld pitchFIG. 46



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The pitch is 8” and there are 5 spaces between the 3ʹ 4” distance.

Slot weld pitch answer FIG. 47



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What is the length of this slot weld?

Slot weld lengthFIG. 48



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The length of the slot weld is 4“

Slot weld length answer FIG. 49



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8.3 Arc Spot Welds

A spot weld is dened by AWS A3.0 “Standard Welding Terms and

Denions” as “a weld made between or upon overlapping members

in which coalescence may start and occur on the faying surfaces or may

proceed from the outer surface of one member”. The weld cross secon

(plan view) is approximately circular”

This type of weld does not require a prepared hole or slot and can be

made by several welding processes.

The welding informaon shown in an arc spot welding symbol includes:

♦ weld symbol

♦size

♦ pitch and

♦ number of spots

The locaon of the elements of a spot welding symbol and the completed

weld are shown in Figures 50 and 51.

When arc spot welds are required in specic locaons, they must be

idened on the drawing.

Locaon of the elements of an arc spot welding symbol FIG. 50



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Completed arc spot weld FIG. 51

8.4 Stud Welds

Locaon of the elements of a stud welding symbolFIG. 52



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Stud welding can be dened as “Joining a metal stud or similar part to a

workpiece.” Welding may be accomplished by arc, resistance, fricon or

other process with or without external gas shielding. Arc stud welding is

the more widely used process.

The stud symbol is always placed below the reference line and the arrow

of the welding symbol points to the surface to which the stud is to be

welded.

The only dimensions discussed in the stud welding symbol are the size,

spacing and the number of studs, all placed on the same side of the

reference line as the stud weld symbol.

The required diameter (size) of the stud is specied to the le of the weld

symbol.

The pitch (centre-to-centre) distance or spacing of stud welds in a straight

line is specied to the right of the weld symbol. The spacing of welds in

any conguraon other than a straight line must be dimensioned on the

drawing.

The number of required stud welds is placed in parentheses below the

stud weld symbol.

An example of the desired weld and the corresponding stud welding

symbol is shown in Figure 53. The stud weld size or diameter is 12 mm,

the pitch is 80 mm and seven studs are required.

Stud welding exampleFIG. 53



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8.5 Surfacing

As its name implies, a surfacing weld is applied to a surface. A building up

of surfaces may be required for a various reasons, and the most common

are:

♦ correcon of dimensions

♦ providing transion between dierent metals and

♦ providing corrosion- or wear-resistance

The characteriscs of a surfacing weld are shown in Figure 54.

The area on which the surfacing weld is to be deposited is simply

idened by the arrow poinng to it with the surfacing symbol always

placed below the reference line. The required thickness is specied to thele of the weld symbol.

Surfacing weld symbol FIG. 54



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8.6 Brazed Joints

Brazing can be dened as “a process for joining solid metals in close

proximity by heang them to the brazing temperature in the presence of

the ller metal.”

A brazing operaon that involves no preparaon except cleaning, requires

only the reference line, the arrow and the idencaon of the brazing

process in the tail of the welding symbol as shown in Figure 55.

Braze welding symbol FIG. 55



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9. Nondestrucve Examinaon

The examinaon methods and their corresponding leer designaon used

on symbols are shown in Table 1.

Examinaon method leer designaonsTABLE 1



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10. Introducon to ISO 2553-1

The intent of this introducon to ISO 2553-1 is to present a basic outline

of the ISO welding symbols, their features and applicaons.

ISO 2553, Welding and allied processes – Symbolic representaon on

drawings – Part 1: Welding, idenes two systems; system A and system

B. The two systems should not be mixed.

Both systems have the same intent and that is to enable communicaon

between the designer and others in the producon chain (draing,

welding engineering, supervising, hands-on welding, examinaon

and inspecon personnel). However, the pathways to achieving that

communicaon goal dier in some concepts and details.

In system A, the reference line consists of two parallel lines: a connuous

straight line and a dashed, idened line as shown in Figure 56 (a). The

dashed line may be drawn above or below but parallel to the connuous

line. The dashed line represents the other side of the joint to where the

arrowhead is poinng.

In system B as shown in Figure 56 (b), the reference line is a connuous

straight line.



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Examples of ISO 2553-1 welding symbolsFIG. 56



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Both welding symbols shown designate the same weld:

♦ 5 mm throat thickness llet welds with concave prole

♦ welded on the arrow side of the joint

♦ 4 welds 100 mm in length ♦ spacing between welds = 200 mm

♦ welded all-around

♦ eld welds

♦ welded using process 111 in accordance with ISO 4063

Examples of how to designate welds on the arrow side and other side of

joints for systems A and B are shown in Figures 57 to 60.

Arrow side and other side of llet weldsFIG. 57

Arrow side and other side of bu weldsFIG. 58



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Arrow side and other side of plug weldsFIG. 59

Arrow side and other side of slot weldsFIG. 60



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For bu welds, when only the edge of one joint member is to be prepared

the arrow shall have a break and point toward that member as shown in

Figure 61. The arrow need not be broken if it is obvious which member is

to be prepared. The arrow shall not be broken if there is no preference as

to which member is to be prepared.

Examples of the use of broken arrow lines

FIG. 61



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Examples of welding symbols for asymmetrical weldsFIG. 62

Asymmetrical Welds

The elementary symbols shall be arranged symmetrically on the reference

line when used to represent symmetrical welds. Examples of the use of

welding symbols to designate asymmetrical welds are shown in Figure 62.

Dimensions shall be specied on the same side of the reference line as

the associated weld symbol. In general, leers are not to be included with

dimensions on drawings unless otherwise stated, e.g. llet welds and the

symbols a (throat thickness), z (leg length) and s (deep penetraon welds)



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Fillet Weld Dimensioning

The symbol a, throat thickness, or z, leg length, shall be placed in front of

the dimension to the le of the weld symbol.

The throat thickness, a, is measured as the height of the largest isosceles

triangle that can be inscribed in the secon of the nalized weld measured

from the joint root.

For llet welds with unequal leg lengths the symbols Z 1 and Z

2 are used

where:

Z 1 = leg length measured on the conguous member of the joint

Z 2 = leg length measured on the non-conguous (cross) member ofthe joint

For llet welds made on both sides of a joint, the dimensions of both

welds shall be specied even if they are idencal.

Fillet weld dimensionsFIG. 63



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For intermient welds, the dimension of the spacing between the welds,

(e), shall be placed in parentheses aer the length dimension.

The number of intermient welds required, n, shall be placed in front of

the length dimension. If no number is specied, intermient welds shallbe made along the whole length of the joint.

Chain intermient welds made on both sides of the joint shall include

informaon concerning the length, spacing and number of welds for both

sides of the joint.

Staggered intermient welds made on both sides of the joint, shall be

designated using the “ Z ” symbol across the reference line. In the absence

of any informaon concerning the oset, the centres of the welds on

one side of the joint shall correspond with the centres of the gaps on the

opposite side of the joint. Otherwise, the oset shall be specied in thetail or elsewhere.

Intermient llet weldsFIG. 64



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Examples of how to dimension are V bu welds are shown in Figure 65.

Flare V bu weld FIG. 65



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Exercise

Answers

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3



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Exercise 4

Exercise 8

Exercise 5

(a)

Exercise 6

(d)

Exercise 7

(b)

Exercise

Answers



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Exercise

Answers

Exercise 9

Exercise 10

Exercise 11



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Exercise 12

Exercise

Answers

Exercise 13

(a)

Exercise 14

(d)



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Exercise 15

Exercise 17

Exercise

Answers

Exercise 16

(d)

Exercise

Answers



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The following are sample mulple choice quesons. The answer key is on

page 87.

1. Choose the correct welding symbol that precisely species theweld shown.

2. Choose the correct welding symbol for the welds shown.

Exam

Exercise



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3. Choose the correct welding symbol for the weld shown.


Exam

Exercise



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Exam

Exercise



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Answer

Sheet

Complete the answer sheet and compare the results with the answer key.

If you score less than 70%, we suggest you re-study the material.

Please circle only ONE leer corresponding to the answer you think is

most correct.

The answer sheet below is provided for your use in the event that you

wish to retest yourself.



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Answer Key


88/88

Every industry has dierent requirements for

he people it employs. Acorn Credenals are

a way for industry to quickly idenfy students

and experienced welders who meet their

pecic requirements. Credenals are

automacally assigned based on yourAssessment scores and show up (and can be

printed) within Acorn Connect. Only those

who have gone through an Acorn

Assessment and acvely use Acorn Connect

can be awarded Credenals.

Credenals

A key part of most Acorn programs is the end

of course Acorn Assessments. These are

oered for most courses and provide a

uniform and independent 3rd party

assessment of your overall skills. Dependingon your school, the cost for the Assessment

may be part of your tuion fees, or you may

have to pay separately. Either way, the Acorn

Assessment is something you should consider

doing.

The Acorn Assessment is taken in two parts; an

online theory poron, followed by an in-shop

praccal session. During the praccal

assessment, you will be asked to construct a

sample project using your knowledge and skills

as well as materials and equipment

provided for you. The assessor will

evaluate your progress throughout thepraccal assessment, scoring you on the

various skills needed to successfully complete

the project. Once completed, your scores will

be added to a naonal database within Acorn

Connect that will help you connect with future

employers.

Get AssessedThis course is part of a larger set of courses

hat provide ongoing training opportunies

hroughout your career. The diagram below

hows the next logical steps you should

ake to connue with your training. Withinhe Acorn system, you have been assigned

a Welder Passport Number that will follow

you for life; this is your key to future

opportunies within Acorn as well as the

welding industry.

Next Stepscwbinstute

The future is yours for the taking. Welding isan in-demand career and your training plays

a large part on the kind of work you will nd

now, as well as the future. Acorn Connect,

when used with your Welder Number, is a

key part of this process as it’s the central

locaon for all things related to your

welding skills. Within Connect, employers

can nd your Acorn marks, Assessments

and Credenals, as well as your resume,

welding ckets and current employment

status. As an Acorn student you have full

AcornConnectAcorn AdvancedSupervisor

Assessment

Qualied Welding

Supervisor under

CSA W47.1

Acorn Preemploy-

ment Inspector

Assessment

Course length: 5 days

Assessment: CSA

Credenal: None - CSA Qualicaon

Details

PE A

nextAcorn Advanced

Welding Supervisor

nowAcorn CWB

Welding Supervisor

Acorn Preemploy-

ment Inspector

later

wss welding symbols study guide lf

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