writing for the web - pennsylvania state university · writing for the web. other guidelines •...
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Writing for the Web
Eston MartzHolly SwansonMargaret SmithRose Pruyne
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Writing for the Web
Challenges of Web Text• Harder/slower to read on screen• Easily distracted users can always go
somewhere else• Text is often afterthought in site
design/architecture
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How do people read on the Web?
To write well for the Web, we need to know:
Writing for the Web
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Jakob Nielsen’s Research• 79% don’t “read” the Web• People scan the Web• Skim text for key words, subheads,
and lists
Writing for the Web
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What Works Best on the Web?Nielsen tested 5 approaches to text:• Promotional writing• Concise text• Scannable layout• Objective layout• Combined approach
Writing for the Web
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Nebraska is filled with internationally recognized attractions that draw large crowds of people every year, without fail. In 1996, some of the most popular places were Fort Robinson State Park (355,000 visitors), Scotts Bluff National Monument (132,166), Arbor Lodge State Historical Park & Museum (100,000), Carhenge (86,598), Stuhr Museum of the Prairie Pioneer (60,002), and Buffalo Bill Ranch State Historical Park (28,446).
Promotional Writing
Writing for the Web
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Combined ApproachIn 1996, six of the most-visited places in Nebraska were:
• Fort Robinson State Park • Scotts Bluff National Monument • Arbor Lodge State Historical Park & Museum • Carhenge• Stuhr Museum of the Prairie Pioneer • Buffalo Bill Ranch State Historical Park
Writing for the Web
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Nielsen’s Key Recommendations• One idea per paragraph• Limit word count to ½ of printed text• Stick to facts• Eliminate “marketese”
Writing for the Web
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Stanford/Poynter Institute• First eye-tracking study of Web users • Focused on online news sites• Findings applicable to other types of
sites
Writing for the Web
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Stanford/Poynter Findings• Users see and read text before
graphics• Users read shallow, but wide• Users will scroll to read articles they
find interesting
Writing for the Web
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What’s It Mean?• Readers treat Web text differently
than they treat print text• Good writing still counts• Every word counts• Journalism, not academic writing, is
best model for Web text
Writing for the Web
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Academic Writing• Introduction• Background & literature• Explanation of research & methods• Analysis of data• Discussion of results• Conclusion
Writing for the Web
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Journalistic Writing“Inverted pyramid”1. Big picture/conclusions2. Findings3. Discussion4. Background and depth
Writing for the Web
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Edit for Brevity and Action• Use active, not passive voice• Simple, declarative and imperative sentence
structures• Don’t “noun-ify” good verbs• Use second-person where possible• Be precise—avoid ambiguity• Kill all useless words without mercy
Writing for the Web
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Other Guidelines• Avoid self-promotion and jargon• Short and direct = good• Choppy = bad• Focus on content, not interface
Writing for the Web
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Be Consistent: Use Stylesheets• Editorial stylesheets, not CSS• Defines how you treat:
– Numbers and measurements– Common, unusual, or technical terms– Abbreviations, titles, punctuation
• Helps keep multiple authors on same page
Writing for the Web
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