WP1 Working MeetingWP1 Working Meeting

Ana Gozalbo

María José OrtsKERABEN, 21 and 22 July 2010

NMP4-SL-2010-260132

KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010

WP3: ObjectivesWP3: Objectives

Obtaining non-white ceramic tiles with cooler surfaces than traditional ceramic tiles when exposed to solar radiation– Substituting the standard ceramic pigments for “cool” analogues – Trying and maintain the standard manufacturing procedures for

single-firing ceramic tiles

KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010

WP3: TasksWP3: Tasks

Task 3.1: Assessment of the solar radiation reflectance of conventional ceramic tiles

Task 3.2: Obtaining glazes with NIR reflecting pigments (single-layer coatings)

Task 3.3: Obtaining glazes with NIR transparent pigments (two-layer coatings)

Task 3.4: Obtaining and testing tiles with the selected coatings

KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010

Task 3.1: Task 3.1: Assessment of the solar radiation reflectance of Assessment of the solar radiation reflectance of conventional ceramic tilesconventional ceramic tiles

Objective:Objective:

• Characterize the behaviour of standard commercial tiles and their individual components under solar irradiation– To set up the test procedures – For comparative purposes – To choose among the tile constituents (pigments and glazes)

those that should preferably be replaced by cool analogues

KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010

Task 3.1:Task 3.1:Assessment of the solar radiation reflectance of Assessment of the solar radiation reflectance of conventional ceramic tilesconventional ceramic tiles

Work:Work:

• Selection of a wide range of white and coloured tiles with matt and glossy finish

• Measurement of surface temperature of tiles when exposed to solar radiation (July 2010).

• Measurement of solar radiation absortance of the selected tiles.

• Measurement of tile surface emissivity at 80°C.

• Gathering of materials:– KERABEN: low temperature frits

– NANOPHOS: TiO2 suspensions, silicon and titania suspension (SurfaPore Thermodry)

– SHEPHERD: eight samples of cool pigments

KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010

Task 3.1: Task 3.1: Selection of a wide range of white and Selection of a wide range of white and coloured tiles with matt and glossy finishcoloured tiles with matt and glossy finish

1: FUTURA negro 2: FUTURA gris 3: FUTURA blanco 4: FUTURA moka 5: FUTURA MATE negro 6: FUTURA MATE gris 7: FUTURA MATE blanco 8: FUTURA MATE moka 9: XIAN negro10: XIAN miel11: TRANSIT blanco12: TRANSIT grafito13: KURSAL blanco14: KURSAL gris15: KURSAL óxido16: KURSAL beige17: KURSAL moka18: INTEGRA gris19: INTEGRA grafito

Criteria for tile selection:– Used in façades

– Different colours

– Different textures

– From the commercially most successful series in KERABEN

KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

11

12

11

12

18

19

9

10

13

14

15

16

17

Task 3.1: Task 3.1: Selection of a wide range of white and Selection of a wide range of white and coloured tiles with matt and glossy finishcoloured tiles with matt and glossy finish

KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010

• Experimental set-up:– insulating base to

minimize conduction– thermocouples attached

beneath each tile and connected to a data logger (measurements every 5 minutes).

– measurements every hour with a K thermocouple on the surface of the tiles.

Task 3.1: Task 3.1: Measurement of surface temperature of tiles Measurement of surface temperature of tiles when exposed to solar radiation when exposed to solar radiation

KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010

Task 3.1: Task 3.1: Measurement of surface temperature Measurement of surface temperature of tiles when exposed to solar radiation of tiles when exposed to solar radiation

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00

1: FUTURA negro2: FUTURA gris3: FUTURA blanco4: FUTURA moka5: FUTURA negro MATE6: FUTURA gris MATE7: FUTURA blanco MATE8: FUTURA moka MATE

Time

Tsup(°C)

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00

1: FUTURA negro2: FUTURA gris3: FUTURA blanco4: FUTURA moka5: FUTURA negro MATE6: FUTURA gris MATE7: FUTURA blanco MATE8: FUTURA moka MATE

time

Tinf(°C)

July 28th: a clear day

KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00

9: XIAN negro INF

9: XIAN negro SUP

Time

Tinf(°C)

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00

10: XIAN miel INF

10: XIAN miel SUP

Time

Tinf(°C)

Task 3.1: Task 3.1: ComparisonComparison of superior (SUP) and of superior (SUP) and inferior (INF) surface temperature of tiles inferior (INF) surface temperature of tiles

July 27th: a clear day

KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00

9: XIAN negro10: XIAN miel11: TRANSIT blanco12: TRANSIT grafito18: INTEGRA gris19: INTEGRA grafito

Time

Tsup(°C)

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00

9: XIAN negro10: XIAN miel11: TRANSIT blanco12: TRANSIT grafito18: INTEGRA gris19: INTEGRA grafito

Time

Tinf(°C)

July 29th: mostly sunny with a few clouds

Task 3.1: Task 3.1: Measurement of surface temperature Measurement of surface temperature of tiles when exposed to solar radiation of tiles when exposed to solar radiation

KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00

2: FUTURA gris INF

2: FUTURA gris SUP

hora

Tinf(°C)

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00

1: FUTURA negro INF

1: FUTURA negro SUP

hora

Tinf(°C)

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00

3: FUTURA blanco INF

3: FUTURA blanco SUP

hora

Tinf(°C)

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00

4: FUTURA moka INF

4: FUTURA moka SUP

hora

Tinf(°C)

July 29th: mostly sunny with a few clouds

KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010

• Surface temperature: – Reaches a maximum around 13:00, for all the tiles– Later, it decreases due to increase in convection (wind↑)– Differences of up to 20°C between tiles:

• Maximum temperature, 75°C: tile 5 (FUTURA MATT BLACK)

• Minimum temperature at that time, 54°C: tile 11 (TRANSIT WHITE)

• On comparing inferior and superior temperature it can be assessed that the tile reaches equilibrium quite fast, in aproximately ten minutes.

Task 3.1: Task 3.1: ConclusionsConclusions

KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010

y = 41,017x + 34,474

R2 = 0,9841

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1

Solar Absortance

Tm

ax(°

C)

Task 3.1: Task 3.1: Relationship between maximum surface Relationship between maximum surface temperature temperature and solar absortance of tiles and solar absortance of tiles

Sample Emissivity ( Solar Absortance (

1 0,79 0,863

2 0,81 0,644

3 0,81 0,39

4 0,81 0,539

5 0,83 0,862

6 0,83 0,661

7 0,83 0,397

8 0,83 0,524

9 0,82 0,853

10 0,83 0,695

11 0,84 0,322

12 0,83 0,721

13 0,83 0,343

14 0,83 0,576

15 0,83 0,813

16 0,83 0,404

17 0,83 0,707

18 0,83 0,546

19 0,83 0,747