wp 2a: pyrolysis biorefinerywp 2a: pyrolysis biorefinery stevens heidelberg m… · current biomass...
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WP 2A: Pyrolysis BiorefineryWP 2A: WP 2A: PyrolysisPyrolysis BiorefineryBiorefinery
Dr. Don J. StevensMay 11, 2005
Some Key DifferencesSome Key DifferencesSome Key Differences
The “Biorefinery” task is only part of the PyNe/IEA collaboration at this pointThe Task Leader (Elliott) does not receive funding for the project
Different than other ThermalNet tasksDepends on voluntary efforts
Today’s PresentationTodayToday’’s Presentations Presentation
Overview of the U.S. Department of Energy’s concept of a “Biorefinery”.Possibilities for pyrolysis in the biorefinery
Department of Energy:Major goal for biomassDepartment of Energy:Department of Energy:Major goal for biomassMajor goal for biomass
Reduce dependence on imported petroleumImproves energy securityProvides environmental benefitsProvides employment and rural development benefits
1301
933
368
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Million dry tons per year
Total resourcepotential
Agriculturalresources
Forest resources
Annual biomass resource potential:~1.3 billion dry tons
http://feedstockreview.ornl.gov/pdf/billion_ton_vision.pdf
Potential ImpactPotential ImpactPotential Impact
1.3 Billion tons of biomass can:
Potentially provide ~480 billion liters/yr of motor fuelReplace essentially all US transportation fuelsStill have enough left for some chemicals
Current Biomass UseCurrent Biomass UseCurrent Biomass Use
Ethanol~14 billion liters/yearCurrently produced from corn
Biodiesel~ 100 million liters/yearOpportunities for growth due to recent tax legislation
Biopower~ 7 GW installed capacityCapacity is stable, but not growing
Program Goals
2005: Demonstrate an integrated process for fuels production from biomass
2007: Complete technology development necessary to enable start-up demonstration of a biorefinery producing fuels, chemicals, and power
2010: Help U.S. industry to establish the first large-scale integrated biorefinery based on agricultural residues
Develop biorefinery-related technologies to the point that they are cost and performance competitive and are used by the nation’s transportation, energy, chemical, and power industries to meet their market objectives
Strategy: Remove Technical Barriers
LignocellulosicFeedstocks
SugarsLignin
ThermochemicalSyn-Gas
Pyrolyisis Oil
IntegratedBiorefinery
FuelsChemicalsMaterials
Heat & Power
Core technology transferred to the integrated biorefinery forspecific product development
SugarsOils, Lignin
Protein
Existing BiomassIndustry
LignocellulosicFeedstocks
SugarsLignin
ThermochemicalSyn-Gas
Pyrolyisis Oil
IntegratedBiorefinery
FuelsChemicalsMaterials
Heat & Power
Core technology transferred to the integrated biorefinery forspecific product development
SugarsOils, Lignin
Protein
Existing BiomassIndustry
Important to Note:Important to Note:Important to Note:
In both PRESENT and FUTURE biorefineries:
Fuels production provides for large economies of scale
Bio-based products, while smaller in volume, provide greater rates of return and drive profit
The Present View of the Biorefinery
LignocellulosicBiomass
Hydrolysis Fermentation
Ethanol Fuel
Distillation
Products
lignin
sugars
?
The Present View of the Biorefinery
LignocellulosicBiomass
Hydrolysis Fermentation
Mixed Alcohol Synthesis
Gasification
Ethanol Fuel
Distillation
Products
Products(higher alcohols)
lignin
sugars
syngasAdditionalBiomass
Heat, electricity
The Potential Role of PyrolysisThe Potential Role of The Potential Role of PyrolysisPyrolysis
Part of a sugars-based biorefinery
Part of a Petroleum Refinery
Stand-alone facilities
Possible Future Biorefinery
LignocellulosicBiomass
Hydrolysis Fermentation
UpgradingPyrolysis
Ethanol FuelDistillation
Products
Products
lignin
sugars
biocrudeAdditionalBiomass
Motor Fuel
Heat, electricity
Hydrogenation Pathways with Ruthenium Catalyst
Hydrogenation Pathways with Hydrogenation Pathways with Ruthenium CatalystRuthenium Catalyst
OH
OCH3
CH2
OH
propyl guaiacol
propylmethoxycyclohexanoleugenol (propenylguaiacol)
methoxycyclohexanol
cyclohexanol
guaiacol
methyl-guaiacol
methylmethoxycyclohexanolmethylcyclohexanol
cyclohexanediol
methylcyclohexanediol
propylcyclohexanol
propylcyclohexanediol
Cyclohexanol MarketCyclohexanolCyclohexanol MarketMarket
price $0.81-0.83/lb from benzenecost ~$0.35/lb w/25% ROIvolume 852 million lb (1972 est. U.S.)
6,400 million lb world (incl cyclohexanone)1992sales 20 million lb (incl cyclohexanone)1992
(most is used internally for adipic acid)uses adipic acid for nylon, esters for
plasticizers, cyclohexanone for caprolactam, cyclohexylamine for emulsion stabilizer
The Potential Role of PyrolysisThe Potential Role of The Potential Role of PyrolysisPyrolysis
Part of a Petroleum RefineryBiomass first would be converted to biocrude, possibly at distributed locationsBiocrude then co-fed with petroleum through a modified catalytic cracking process, probably with some pretreatmentPNNL and NREL are conducting limited R&D with the petroleum industryThe global petroleum industry is showing more interestFrom the Department of Energy perspective, this is a medium-term approach
Pyrolysis/Petroleum Biorefinery
LignocellulosicBiomass
Petroleum RefineryUpgrading
Pyrolysis
Products
biocrude
Motor Fuel
The Potential Role of PyrolysisThe Potential Role of The Potential Role of PyrolysisPyrolysis
Stand-alone facilitiesSmall size makes economics of fuel production difficultMay be more appropriate for heat and power applicationsUnlikely to gain strong support from DOE because of current focus on transportation fuelsImplementation of the technology possible if commercially viable processes are available
Task Goals for PyNe/IEATask Goals for Task Goals for PyNePyNe/IEA/IEA
Survey biorefinery concepts and determine common interests for a pyrolysis-based “biorefinery”Outline more detailed work plan based on participants interestsDepending on interests, examine ways to address issues of the “biorefinery” in a broader way
Balance technology approaches (include gasification, combustion, bioconversion, etc.How can industry be included?What else is needed?
Additional Pyrolysis R&D NeedsAdditional Additional PyrolysisPyrolysis R&D NeedsR&D Needs
Key value-added processing stepReduces negative aspects of bio-oil
instability corrosivity
Produces valuable chemical products
Major cost center in overall economicsHigh-yield performance at low cost essential for economic feasibility