wounds, charts and medication: tips on teaching nurses virginia allum
TRANSCRIPT
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Wounds, Charts and Medication:
Tips on teaching nurses
Virginia Allum
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• Co-author with Patricia McGarr of ‘Cambridge English for Nursing’ (Int Plus and Pre-Int)
• Currently Staff Nurse in a private hospital (mix of private and NHS patients)
• Productive Ward Project Leader and Infection Control Link Nurse
Introducing ..Virginia Allum
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Our session today
• We’ll look at Wounds (an example of a nursing procedure ) / you’ll do some medical terminology activities
• We’ll look at Charts (example of common writing skills needed by nurses) / you’ll complete a Wound Chart
• We’ll look at Medication (use of maths terms and abbreviations) / you do a Find-a-Word
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Before we start , Why teach Specialist English for Nurses? Nurses leave NHS for better life
abroad Daily Mail 7 Nov,2010
‘An increasing number of overseas nurses are already arriving in Britain to fill the rising number of hospital vacancies.
Last year Britain imported 8,500 nurses and midwives - many coming from poor countries such as India, Pakistan and the Philippines.’
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What do stakeholders demand of overseas nurses?
• Ability to communicate effectively• Safe practice• High standards of technical knowledge• Cultural sensitivity and awareness• Good teamwork• Ability to work with other Health Care
Professionals
www.nursepostcard.com
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Here to Stay? International Nurses in the UK 2003 (NMC)
Four main areas of concern for hospital managers who employ overseas nurses
1. language 2. differences in clinical and technical
skills 3. racism in the workplace 4. reaction of patients.
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Language areas of need
• Everyday communication • Nurse-to-nurse communication
• Technical knowledge (medical terminology)
http://www.nursingtimes.net/pictures/182xAny/7/2/1/1205721_1205409_nurse_talking_paperwork.jpg
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Let’s look at wounds...
• Or any nursing procedure• Specialised language (look at wound
websites, prefixes + suffixes) (R, S, L, W)• Recycle general English (asking for info,
giving advice, assessing pain, giving directions)
• Maths terms e.g dimensions of wound, amount of discharge
• Opportunity for role plays
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A word about role plays• They are serious enough for ESP• Perfect opportunity to use specialised
language in authentic situations (lots of handovers, telephone referrals in nursing)
• Ss can write them and own them• Bring in guest speakers (e.g real
nurses or student nurses ) to confirm authenticity
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Wounds: opportunity to look at...• Verbal descriptions e.g. in handover• Written descriptions e.g. Wound Chart• Abbreviations• Equipment e.g Dressings• Documentation: Care pathways• Staff in specialty areas: Infection
Control Nurse, Tissue Viability Nurse
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What is there to say about wounds?• Types of wounds (surgical, ulcers,
lacerations• Position on body (on the right ankle)• Description ( order of adjectives)• Colour (of the surrounding skin, wound
discharge)• Size (width and depth)• Amount of exudate (small, moderate,
copious)
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What else?• Presence of drains • Equipment used (VAC)• Dressings ,surgical tape, bandages• Sutures, clips, staples and
Steristrips• Nursing jargon v medical term
(healing v granulating )
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Types of wounds • Vocab : use Pharmaceutical company
websites e.g. http://int.hansaplast.com/med-info/wound-care-beautiful-healing/types-of-wounds.html
• Use pictures or diagrams ; match terms
e.g. Match medical term to everyday term e.g contusion = bruise
• Use nurse education on Pharmaceutical sites e.g. T.I.M.E on Smith & Nephew
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Warning: Pictures of wounds on next slide
• Use authentic photos of wounds if possible
• Be advised that some are pretty awful!
• Next slide : not too bad but..
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11
2
3
4
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Now, in pairs, do handout exercise 1.
Photo number
Type of wound
1 a)Pressure Ulcer2 b)Surgical wound 3 c) Cut or laceration4 d) Bruise or contusion
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Describing a pressure wound What can you get out of it for a lesson?
• Use body diagram (front and back) –see WSheet• Practice of body parts (everyday v medical term) • Practice of ‘ Where is the wound? (Position of the
wound)- The wound is over the right lateral malleolus (ankle)’
• Exercise: Blank diagrams of the body with numbered wounds. In pairs, Where is wound (!)?
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Body Diagrams
• Terminology (body position – anterior, posterior etc) – on the back of..
• Parts of the body e.g where pressure ulcers may occur - on her sacrum
• Everyday terms versus medical terminology - shoulder blade – scapula
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Now, in pairs, do Exercise 2
• Look at the numbered diagrams of the body
• Complete the table using terms in the box below
• Further activities: make up double-side cards (everyday term one side, medical term reverse side) – pr work.
• Speed work, 2 groups , complete table on WB . First team to get rid of cards, wins
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Number Everyday term Medical terminology
1 Heel (Heels)
2 Lateral Malleolus (Malleoli)
3 Medial Malleolus (Malleoli)
4 Greater Trochanter (s)
5 Sacrum
6 Ischial Tuberosity (Tuberosities)
7 vertebrae
8 Occiput
9 Ears
10 Shoulders
11 Scapula (Scapulae)
12 Elbow (Elbows)
13 Iliac Crest
Humerus Outside ankle bone back of the head calcaneus inside ankle bone Thigh bone pinna shoulder blade hip bone lower back Olecranon process spine flank
Humerus Outside ankle bone back of the head calcaneus inside ankle bone Thigh bone pinna shoulder blade hip bone lower back Olecranon process spine flank
Humerus Outside ankle bone back of the head calcaneus inside ankle bone Thigh bone pinna shoulder blade hip bone lower back Olecranon process spine flank
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Matching cards - example
Haemat- -oma erythr- Ven-
Necro- -itis Ser- Esch-
scab red blood Swelling
plasma dead Inflammation of Vein
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Using websites for inspiration • http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/1751163.stm
'Living bandages' for wounds The technology for the 'bandage' was adapted from drinks cartons
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Online: BBC Radio Transcripts
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/science/casenotes_tr_20050208.shtml
RADIO SCIENCE UNITCASE NOTES 9. - Wound Healing
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Use clips on websites: Wounds UK
http://www.wounds-uk.com/• Use demonstration videos as Listening Practice.
• Prepare worksheets (missing terms)• Vocab matching • Ss design a teaching session e.g. How
to set up a negative pressure wound treatment / in prs teach each other
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Charts and Documents
• Legal documents• Completed each shift• Used as communication between shifts• Nursing Care Plans• Integrated Care Pathways (Wound
Charts)• Policies and Procedures
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What are Nursing Care Plans?http://www1.us.elsevierhealth.com/MERLIN/Gulanick/Constructor/index.cfm?plan=32
• Use the online resource to create a printable Care Plan
• Use as vocab resource• Use as ‘Handover Resource’ – S (nurse)
gives information about wound care during handover e.g I’ve encouraged increase intake of protein-rich foods to help healing.
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Integrated Care Pathways Wound Chart
• ICPs require nurse to tick correct box
• Reading > Writing• Specific terms used• Assessment often uses grading
system (Grade 1: not too bad → Grade 5 : very serious
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Wound Chart on p2 of worksheet
• Vocab work – prefixes and suffixes - flashcards
• Description of wounds – recycle descriptive language, order of adjs
• Grade of pressure ulcer – match photos• Wound drainage (discharge) –jargon-
purulent discharge = pus, discharge = ooze
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Example of wound chart
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Now, Exercise 3: Where is the wound?
• Complete the Wound Chart using information in the scenario
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WOUND CHARTNAME: Mrs A. Patient DOB: 30/ 11/ 1924WOUND TYPE TICK WOUND
APPEARANCETick Wound
DrainageTick Pain
Tick
Abrasion Blister Purulent(pus)
Site
Haematoma Erythema(Redness)
Haemoserous(Blood-stained fluid)
Dressing change
Laceration Inflammation Nil continuous
Ulcer Maceration(over-moist)
intermittent
Surgical incision Slough When limb elevated
Eschar(black, hard scab)
Nil
Epithelialisation(healing tissue)
Mrs Anna Patient has a 3 cm long laceration on her left forearm caused by a dog bite. The skin around the wound is red and inflamed . There is a moderate amount of greenish pus in the wound caused by an infection which is being treated with oral antibiotics. The wound dressing is being changed every two days at the Outpatient Clinic. The patient reports a small amount of pain when the dressing is changed. She takes a painkiller before the dressing change.
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The Wound Chart ex can be ..• A practice of handovers (write a
dialogue using given info / complete missing terms in dialogue/ practise as a role play )
• Used for different scenarios (dog bite, fall , burn, operation)
• Used to recycle language ( She’s got a .. , The ulcer’s on her sacrum...)
• A practice of vocab of body parts / areas
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Scenarios..here is another
• Mr D Hatworth was repairing his fence when he accidentally dropped a piece of wood which grazed his right lower leg. He left the wound untreated for two weeks apart from dabbing on a bit of antiseptic cream. Now, the wound is painful to touch and is red and inflamed. There is a small amount of blood-stained discharge
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Answers – students complete wound chart
• Wound: abrasion• Wound Appearance: erythema,
inflammation• Wound Drainage: Haemoserous• Pain: Site
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Also, wound charts are a chance to..
• Do vocab exercises e.g prefix and suffixes e.g necro-, -osis, haemat- , -oma, erythro- , ven-,
• Make matching cards / flashcards• Practise communication skills e.g Advise
patient on after care of wound dressing - It’s important to keep the dressing dry, You’ll have to come back next week for a new dressing → make an appointment / make a phone call to confirm appointment with patient
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Wound Chart language
• Wound Type – ‘It’s a ..’• Wound Appearance - ‘ It’s got.. , It’s
got an area of..’• Wound Drainage – ‘There’s a small
amount of..’• Pain - ‘ Is it painful? , Do you have any
pain?’ When is the wound painful?
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Medications – important area!• Safe and accurate practice is essential• Legal and patient health implications• Oral medications (tablets, liquids)• Nebulizers and inhalers• Injections: IMI ,IVI,• IV fluids• PR medications (suppositories, enemas)• Oxygen
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Language skills needed• Abbreviations (R, W, L and S) e.g bd, tds• Maths terms e.g. Morphine 15mg – pronun.
practice• Measurement terms e.g ml, mcg, 80, mg/ml, units• Medication use: e.g Read entries in BNF or MIMS
e.g side effects• Check for interactions with other drugs e.g (R)
literature on drug in blurb or on internet• Handover information e.g (S) intolerance to pain
killer
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Medications : opportunities for?
• Research practice – journals, EBP online• Writing practice e.g develop a Public
Health Poster on Hypertension drugs → present to class (speaking practice)
• Reading and comprehension practice –e.g. Compare drugs used for diabetes- small group work, present to class → teamwork
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Medication : language practice
• Abbreviations e.g sc, prn• Terms e.g nocte, mane• Instructions e.g. Take this medication
after food• Polite advice e.g It would be a good
idea to..• Warnings e.g you must keep the
medication in the fridge
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The Medication Chart
• Understand terms used in the chart• Get a copy of a medication chart for
practice• Latin terms • Maths terms • Use flashcards, cross-words, Find-a-
Word to practise terms
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AllergiesAdverse Drug Reactions
BDQDSTDS
Anti-coagulants
Slow Release
Drug Chart - example
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Ex 4: Medication Table
• Read through the terms in the medication table
• Ask your ‘teacher’ if you don’t understand any terms
• Now, take turns to find a term explain the meaning to your partner
• Hint: break into chunks or students will not survive this exercise!
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Medical terms for medications Meaning
a.c Before mealsamps. Ampoules . This is the container for liquid medication for injection.b.d (or b.i.d) Twice a day (bi= two)Inh. Inhaler e.g Salbutamol inhalerIM or IMI Intramuscular ie an injection given into a muscleIV or IVI Intravenous ie an injection given into a veinIV Fluids Fluids given through an IV cannula. Also called a ‘drip’mane In the morningNeb. Nebulizer e.g Salbutamol nebulizerNeedle gauge Size of the needles eg 19g (drawing up needle) 21g (IM injections ) 23g (fine for sc injections)
NI Nurse Initiated medication e.g. Paracetamol, Coloxyl with Senna. nocte At nightOD or daily Once a dayoral By mouthp.c After mealsper NG through the nasogastric tube (through nose into the stomach)pr Per rectum e.g. a suppositoryprn whenever needed ( for pain, indigestion, constipation)q.i.d or qds Four times a day (quad= 4) .Doesn’t have to be in 6 hour intervals.R Refused by the pt. (written on the medication chart)s.c Subcutaneous ie an injection given into the subcutaneous layer of skin s.l Sublingual or under the tonguestat (statim) immediately e.g. a stat dose of insulint.d.s Three times a day (Ter in diem)top. Topical ie a cream or ointment e.g antibiotic creamunits Insulin is prescribed in units. E.g. 24 units of InsulotardVenflon Type of intravenous cannula. Abbrev to IVC .W Withheld (written on the medication chart) e.g. Digoxin because the pulse was 58.
1/24 or 10 Hourly or every hour2/24 or 20 Second hourly or every two hours4/24 or 40 Fourth hourly e.g. 4/24 T P R (Note: this is 6 times a day)6/24 or 60 Every six hours (Note: this is 4 times a day)
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Medication Find-a-word
• In pairs, find a word relating to medication administration in the Find-a-Word
• Tell your partner what it means• Use previous glossary to help you
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A N E B
M O O S
P E R R E C T U M
O A T B A
U L O E L N
F L U I D S I E
E N N C I N H
I J G
T E U
S C Q D S A
T R L A
A N T I B I O T I C
O P
V E N F L O N
In pairs, identify a term in the Find-a-Word below using the table above. Explain the meaning of the term to your partner.
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Good medication calculation sites for nurses – lots of related terms
• Medication Terms• http://home.sc.rr.com/nurdosagecal/Conver
sions.htm• http://www.jcu.edu.au/cgi-bin/nursing/test.c
gi (if you have problems go to www.jcu.edu.au and Search: Nursing Calculations Practice
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Other medication activities• Reading a Medication chart – use scenario• The IV Prescription Chart• The 5 Rights of Drug Administration –
research and make an educational poster• Practice of role plays for medication
administration / recycle questions / asking for information ‘Do you need something for pain?’ / giving advice ‘ It’s best to take this tablet with food’
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Tips : Use websites
• http://www.bhf.org.uk/living_with_a_heart_condition/treatment/medicines_for_the_heart.aspx
• http://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/story.php?title=types-wounds
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Invite guest speakers
• Nursing lecturers• Nursing students• Nurses• Ask them to show authentic charts
and documentation (make sure any identifying information is obscured first) e.g hospital logo
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Any questions?
Thank you for having me
PS: answers to the exercises are on my bloghttp://
englishfornursingandhealth.blogspot.com/