world war ii. italy march 23, 1919 benito mussolini formed the basis for the fascist party oct. 28,...
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World War II
Italy
• March 23, 1919 Benito Mussolini formed the basis for the Fascist Party
• Oct. 28, 1922 March on Rome; Mussolini took power in Italy
Soviet Union (USSR)
• 1922 Soviet Union formed under V.I. Lenin
• 1924 Lenin died; Trotsky and Stalin vie for power
• 1928 Stalin began forced industrialization (Five Year Plan)
• 1929 Stalin became dictator
• 1932-1933 Famine created in the Ukraine and other Soviet satellites
Germany 1919-1923
• Weimar Republic• Social and political
unrest• Military occupation of
western regions of Germany
• Economic hardships• Freikorps
Adolf Hitler
• Born near Linz, Austria on April 20,1889
• Early life• Enlisted in the German
army in 1914, and served throughout WW I. Decorated with the Iron Cross.
• Remained in the army after the war.
• Sent to spy on small German Worker’s Party (DAP)
Hitler
• 1920 Changed name of the party to the National Socialist German Worker’s Party (NSDAP)
• Nov. 8-9, 1923 Beer Hall Putsch
• Hitler spent 5 months in prison for his role in the putsch.
• Mein Kampf
Nazi Rise to Power 1925-1933
• 1925 Restructuring of the NSDAP
• SA• Legal election.• 1929 Great Depression• By 1930 Nazis were the
second largest party in Germany
• Jan. 30, 1933 Hitler became chancellor
Nazis in Power 1933-1934
• Feb. 27, 1933 Reichstag fire
• March 23, 1933 Enabling Act
• SS Heinrich Himmler• June 30, 1934 Night
of the Long Knives• Aug. 2, 1934
Hindenburg died; Hitler in sole power.
Road to war 1935-1939
• 1935 Versailles Treaty renounced; Germany began rearmament
• March 13, 1936 Rhineland reoccupied
• Spanish Civil War 1936-1939
• March 1938 Austria annexed
• Sept. 28, 1938 Sudetenland
• March 1939 Czechoslovakia annexed
War
• Aug. 23, 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact
• Sept.1, 1939 Poland invaded
• Sept. 3 Britain and France declared war
• Sept. 17 Soviets invaded eastern Poland
• Sept. 27 Poland surrendered
Poland 1939
Western Front 1939-May 1940
• Sept. 1939- April 1940 Phony War
• April 1940 Wehrmacht invaded Denmark and Norway
• May 1940 Belgium and the Netherlands invaded
• May 10 France invaded through the Ardennes Forest
• May 26 OPN DYNAMO• June 22 France
surrendered
Battle of Britain
• Began July 10, 1940 after Churchill declined to negotiate peace
• First battle fought entirely in the air
• Luftwaffe 2800 planes Royal Air Force 700
• Radar and command and control stations
• Sept. 7 Beginning of the Blitz.
• Oct. Luftwaffe switched to night bombing.
Balkans 1940-1941
• Oct. 28, 1940 Italy invaded Greece
• April 1940 British troops arrive in Greece
• April 1941 Yugoslavia and Greece overrun by Wehrmacht
• May 20-June 1 Battle of Crete
OPERATION BARBAROSSA JUNE 22, 1941
• 116 divisions (14 motorized), 19 panzer divisions, 9 support divisions
• Set for April, but postponed until June due to Greek and Yugoslav operations
• June 22 Invasion
• 2000 Soviet planes destroyed in 1 week
• Siege of Leningrad Sept. 1941-Jan. 1944
Russia Oct.- Dec. 1941
• Georgy Zhukov appointed head of the Red Army
• Oct. 19 Moscow declared under siege
• Russian winter• Dec. 5 Russian
counteroffensive• Germans driven 40
miles from Moscow
Russia 1941
Japan 1937-1941
• July 28, 1937 Japan invaded China
• US declared an embargo on Japanese war material
• Sept. 27, 1940 Japan joins the Axis powers
• Yamato and Musashi
Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941
• Pearl Harbor attacked by aircraft from 4 carriers• Arizona, Oklahoma, West Virginia, California
sunk• 18 damaged ships total, 188 aircraft, 3581 US
service personnel and civilians killed• Japanese losses totaled 50 men and 30 aircraft• US declared war on Dec. 8; Dec. 11 Germany
and Italy declared war on US
Pearl Harbor
US and Japanese Naval Power
Pacific War 1942
• The Philippeans fell to the Japanese on May 6,1942
• Bataan Death March
• April 18 Doolittle Raid
• May 2-7 Battle of the Coral Sea
• June 4-6 Battle of Midway
• Aug. 7- Feb. 7, 1943 Battle of Guadalcanal
1942 Pacific
Pacific Losses 1942
• Battle of the Coral Sea May 7-8• US: 1carrier, 66 aircraft, 543 men killed• Japan: 1 carrier, 77 aircraft, 1074 men killed• Battle of Midway June 4-7• US: 1 carrier, 147 aircraft, 307 men• Japan: 4 carriers, 1 cruiser, 272 aircraft, 3500 men• Gaudalcanal August 7-February 9, 1943• US: 1600 killed, 4200 wounded• Japan: 23,000 killed, 1000 prisoners
Battle for Africa 1924-1943
• Afrika Korps under Erwin Rommel
• Aug. 13 Bernard Montgomery
• Oct. 23- Nov. 5, 1942• Nov. 8, 1942 OPN
TORCH• May 7, 1943
Germans defeated in Africa
Russia 1942-1943
• Spring 1942 German Sixth Army began a drive to Stalingrad
• Aug. 19 First attacks on Stalingrad
• Fierce house to house fighting
• Nov. 19 Russian counteroffensive encircles German Sixth Army
• Hitler orders Sixth Army to hold its ground
• Dec. 23 relief attempt ends in failure
• Feb. 3, 1943 Von Paulus surrendered
• Germans resurgent• July 5-23, 1943 Battle of
Kursk
Russian Front 1942-1943
Eastern Front LossesSept-July 1943
• Battle of Stalingrad Sept.-Jan. 1943• Germans 207,000 killed or wounded, 93,000
taken prisoner• Soviets 480,000 killed and missing
• Battle of Kursk July 5-13, 1943• Germans 50,000 killed 323 tanks destroyed• Soviets 177,880 killed 1614 tanks destroyed
Italy 1943-1944
• July 9- Aug. 7, 1943 OPN HUSKY
• Sept. 3, 1943 Italy surrendered
• Winter 1943- May 11, 1944 Battles for Monte Cassino
• Jan. 22, 1944 Anzio
• June 4, 1944 Rome captured
Air Warfare 1943-1945 Europe
Tanks of World War II1944 Western Front
Battle for France 1944
• June 6 D-Day• July 3 OPN Cobra• July 20 Bomb Plot• Aug. 19-25 Battle for
Paris• Sept. 17-25 OPN
MARKET-GARDEN• Dec. 16-Jan. 25, 1945
Battle of the Bulge
1944
1944 Pacific
• June 15 Saipan• June 19-20 Battle of
the Philippean Sea “Great Marianas Turkey Shoot”
• July-Sept. Guam and Peleliu fell to US
• Oct. 23-26 Battle of Leyte Gulf
1945 Europe
• Jan-April Russians push into eastern Europe
• Feb. 4-11 Yalta Conference• March-April US and British
forces cross the Rhine into Germany
• April 22 Russians reach Berlin• April 25 US and Russian
troops meet at Torgau• April 30 Hitler committed
suicide• May 2 Berlin surrendered as
did Germans in Italy• May 7-8 VE Day
1945 Europe
Europe 1944-1945
• Battle for France June 6-August 25• Allied: 43,000 killed, 172,000 wounded• Germans: 509,000 killed, wounded and captured• OPN Bagration June 22-August 29,1944• Germans: 350,000 killed wounded and captured• Soviets: 178,000 killed, 587,000 wounded• Battle of the Bulge Dec. 16-Jan. 16, 1945• US: 81,000 killed wounded or captured• Germans 100,000 killed wounded or captured• Battle of Berlin April16-May 2, 1945• Germans: 500,000 killed wounded or captured• Soviets: 81,000 killed, 272,000 wounded
1945 Pacific
• Jan. 9 US troops land in the Philippeans
• Feb. 19-Mar. 26 Battle of Iwo Jima
• April 1-June 23 Battle of Okinawa
• Aug. 6 Hiroshima• Aug. 9 Nagasaki• Sept. 2 VJ Day
1945 Pacific
Pacific 1945
• Iwo Jima Feb. 19-March 26
• US: 6,821 killed 19,217 wounded
• Japan: 20,867 killed, 1,083 captured
• Okinawa April 1-June 30
• US: 12,000 killed, 36,000 wounded
• Japan 107,539 killed, 23,764 sealed in caves or buried, 10,755 captured
Nazi War CrimesThe Holocaust
• 1935 Nuremburg Laws• Nov. 9, 1938 Kristallnacht• 1940-1945 Ghettos and mass deportations to
eastern Europe• 1941-1943 Einsatzgruppen• Jan 20, 1942 Wannsee Conference• 1942-1945 Concentration Camps• Auschwitz, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Dachau,
Bergen-Belsen• Nov. 14, 1945-Oct. 1, 1946 Nuremburg Trials
Nazi Atrocities
Holocaust
Aftermath of World War II
• Allies• 14,000,000 military
deaths• 36,000,000 civilian
deaths• 6,000,000 Jews
murdered by Nazis
• Axis• 8,000,000 military
deaths• 4,000,000 civilian
deaths• 72,000,000 total
deaths for all of World War II