world war ii: and the home front
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World War II: And the Home Front. "But there is one front and one battle where everyone in the United States - every man, woman, and child - is in actionノ That front is right here at home,in our daily lives."- Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1942. Before Pearl Harbor. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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World War II: And the Home Front
"But there is one front and one battle where everyone in the United States - every man, woman, and child - is in action ノ That front is right here at home,in our daily lives."- Franklin Delano Roosevelt,
1942
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Before Pearl Harbor
• FDR prepared US against possibility of war with Germany
• New Deal had created strong centralized Federal Government (WPA, CCC, TVA)
• Cash and Carry• Lend Lease
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After Pearl Harbor: What did we need?
• A huge army must be drafted• Massive amounts of arms
and ammunition needed to be produced
• The army needed uniforms, supplies, and food
• The army needed transportation
• World War II Ended the Great Depression
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Who would serve in the armed forces? And in what roles? The selective service act of 1940 ordered all
men, 18-30 to register for a draft. War ended the Great Depression!
• The armed forces are segregated.
• Units of African Americans, Asians, Native Americans and Hispanics serve separately from units which are white
• Officers are usually white.• Minority units often serve in
less prestigious support roles
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Minority leaders call for equality
• A. Philip Randolph organizes a “March on Washington.”
• Roosevelt issues executive order 8802 requiring equal pay in war industries
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WW II offers minorities an opportunity to demand equality
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Courage in Battle
• The Tuskeegee Airmen prove they can fly fighter jets and earn international respect
• The Navaho code talkers become famous for their ability to code breakers
• The fighting ability of Hispanic and Asian units such as the 442nd earn them new status and honor.
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If so many men were in the army, who
would produce all the supplies?
Women are asked to step in to fill the gap.
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The symbol of the strength, determination and courage of all these women is called
“Rosie the Riveter.”
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8 Million women enter the workforce: WW II ends the Great Depression
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They build battleships
and bombers.
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They fly transport and supply planes
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How will we keep the morale of our soldiers up when they are far from home?
• USO centers will provide free entertainment to the troops overseas
• V-mail will let us write to our friends and relatives
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Where will all the raw materials for the army come from?
• Home cooking oil, fat and grease are saved to be recycled into explosives
• New fashions use less fabric so the saved fabric can be used in uniforms
• No nylon stockings! • Canned food comes in
glass jars so the metal can be saved
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Children Help Too
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Look at the poster behind these school
boys.
What do you notice?
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Every scrap of metal and rubber is needed for our
weapons• Children collect all kinds
of metal to recycle: tin cans, old garden tools, even old cooking pots
• Rubber boots, hoses, old tires, even rubber bands are saved
• Paper can be recycled too!
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How will the army be fed?
• Food and gas rationing at home make sure no one uses supplies needed by the army and everyone gets their fair share.
• Everyone who can works to grow their own vegetables so the farm produce can be saved for the army.
• These are called “Victory Gardens.”
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Victory Gardens: If we grow for our homes, farmers can grow for our
armed forces.
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How will we pay for all the weapons, ammunition and
men?• Taxes will go up.• People at home will
loan their money to the government to finance the war
• These loans are called “liberty bonds.”
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Will we be safe if most of the men are away fighting?
• Older men and disabled men will serve in the Civil Defense at home.
• They enforce rationing• They maintain watch
against air raids • They watch for spying
and sabotage• They organize paper,
rubber, and scrap metal drives.
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Was there prejudice against German Americans and Japanese Americans?
• Yes, but more against Japanese Americans than German Americans
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Internment Camps
• After the surprise or sneak attack on Pearl Harbor, many feared spying and sabotage.
• As a result, executive order 9066 forced thousands of West Coast Japanese Americans out of their homes and into “internment” or prison camps away from the Pacific Coast.
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Manzanar Relocation Camp
• Camps were located far from the West Coast
• For 4 years 112,000 Japanese Americans were interned in camps like this with no trial and no right of appeal.
• The US government formally apologized and offered small reparation payments to interned citizens in 1987.
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Some were in internment camps: but others served in
the armed forces
• The 442nd Army Regiment was one of the most decorated of WW II
• Its members fought in many capacities: front line combat, translating, nursing, etc.