World War IIThe Power of Good and Evil

It is the evening of October 5, 1937. You turnon the radio and hear a voice that sounds familiar-it’s President Franklin Roosevelt. “The peace, thefreedom and the security of ninety percent of thepopulation of the world are being jeopardized bythe remaining ten percent,” Roosevelt says.You think about what the President is saying. Afew nations are putting the rest of the world indanger. You turn the volume up. We aredetermined to keep out of war,” Roosevelt says,“yet we cannot insure ourselves against thedisastrous effects of war and the danger ofinvolvement.” That sounds bad. He’s saying that the UnitedStates may be forced to go to war. You wonder howthis news will affect your future.

Essential Question:

Should the US intervene in foreign affairs when the lives and safety of others are at stake?

What was Europe like in the 1920s and 1930s?

How were leaders like Stalin, Mussolini and Hitler able to gain and keep power in their societies?

Daily Essential Question

The Great Depression began in the United States but quickly spread to other parts of the world

Many Europeans lost confidence in their governments and turned to new leaders who promised to make their troubles disappear.

Even at the price of giving up their freedom

WHAT’S GOING ON AROUND THE WORLD

•blamed the Treaty of Versailles•huge debts to repay after losing World War I•money was worthless•angry that other European countries were still armed but the peace treaty forbid them to have arms

Germany

Check for Understanding What was Europe like in the 1920s and

1930s?

How did Germans react to the Treaty of Varsailles?

Democracy vs.Dictatorship

Form of government where the ruler has complete control

They are not restricted by a

constitution, laws, or opposition.

Individual freedoms are denied.

Gain and keep control through military aggression

The word democracy comes from Greek and means “rule of the people.”

Form of government where the people take part in governing.

Individual freedoms

Leaders are bound by laws and a constitution.

Which form of government do you think is best?

What would make a person willing to give up his/her freedoms?

Turn and Talk

The Rise of European Dictators

Axis Powers:GermanyItalyJapan

Leader of Germany Axis Powers Rose to power as a result of

the Depression Used military aggression to

gain power Leader of the Nazi Party

who believed in facism (needs of state above individual)

Believed German race was superior to other races

Hated many groups of people, especially Jews

Responsible for the Holocaust

Adolf Hitler

Hitler’s Goal?

Leader of Italy Dictator Came to power as a

result of the Depression

Part of the Axis Powers

Benito Mussolini

Prime Minister of Japan

Government=military dictatorship

Japan’s leader was a dictator

Wanted to secure its economic prosperity by controlling the Far East

General Tojo

Adolf Hitler

Who’s Who? Leader of Germany Part of the Axis Powers Rose to power as a

result of the Depression Leader of the Nazi Party Believed German race

was superior to other races

Set out to get rid of all Jewish people (Holocaust)

Fascism form of government

Benito Mussolini

Who’s Who? Leader of Italy Dictator Came to power as

a result of the Depression

Part of the Axis Powers

General Tojo

Who’s Who? Prime Minister of

Japan Japan had a militaristic

government; dictatorship

Japan’s leader was a dictator

Wanted to secure its economic prosperity by controlling the Far East

Check for UnderstandingWhy was Hitler a threat to other European nations?

How were leaders like Hitler and Mussolini able to gain and keep power in their societies?

Leader Country Allied/AxisAdolf Hitler

Winston ChurchillBenito MussoliniJoseph StalinFranklin D. Roosevelt

Leaders of the Allied Powers

Who’s Who

Leader of the US during WWII

US eventually became part of the Allied Powers

Led a democracy Wanted the US to stay

out of the war - neutrality

When Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, FDR declared war

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Leader of Great Britain (England or United Kingdom)

Part of the Allied Powers

Led a constitutional monarchy

Winston Churchill

Leader of Russia Dictator Led a communist

form of government Although he was

also a dictator, he was opposed to Hitler

Part of the Allied Powers

Joseph Stalin

Winston Churchill

Who’s Who? Leader of Great

Britain (England or United Kingdom)

Part of the Allied Powers

Led a democracy

Joseph Stalin

Who’s Who? Leader of Russia Dictator Led a communist

form of government

Opposed to Hitler Part of the Allied

Powers

Franklin Roosevelt

Who’s Who? Leader of the US

during WWII US became part of

the Allied Powers Led a democracy Wanted the US to

stay out of the war When US was

bombed (Pearl Harbor) FDR declared war

United States

Great Britain

Russia

Allied Powers

Leader Country Allied/AxisAdolf Hitler

Winston ChurchillBenito MussoliniJoseph StalinFranklin D. Roosevelt

Daily Essential Question What factors contributed to the start of

World War II?

Why would these dictators be a threat to other European nations?

Nationalism ◦ Love for one’s country and desire to have it free

from the control of another Imperialism

◦ Extending rule or authority over another country by acquiring and holding colonies

Vocab. Review

Where are the Axis Powers??

JapanItaly

German

y

Time to Discuss!! What countries were part of the Axis Powers? Where were they located?

Germany, Italy, and Japan were imperalistic (gaining power by taking over other countries)

Formed an alliance in 1936—Axis Powers

Events leading to war in the European Theater

•Invaded Czechoslovakia and Austria, Ethiopia, China (1931-19390

•European leaders reaction-- appeasement (giving in to their demands in order to prevent war)

•Germany invaded Poland

Great Britain and France declared war on Germany

Analyze It

1. Who does the largest figure depict?

2. What is he doing?

3. Who agree with the message of this cartoon?

•Germany invaded France and defeated them

•Constant bombing of Great Britain—Battle of Britain(July 1940 – May 1941)

•Germany broke agreement with Stalin & invaded USSR (Russia)(1941)

Should the United States sell arms to other nations?

Should the US get involved?

Daily Essential Question

Should the US get involved??

Winston Churchill, the leader of the British government, urged President Roosevelt to help Great Britain.

Most Americans wanted to stay out of the fighting.

The country was still suffering from the Great Depression.

They wanted to focus on their own troubles.

There was strong support for the policy of isolationism.

Think:What do you see in

this political cartoon?

What message do you think this cartoon is conveying?

Pair:Pair with with your

shoulder partner and share your answers.

Share:Discuss responses

with the class.

Time to Discuss!

Can you be involved without being involved?

Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act – March 1941

What was the lend-lease act?

The Pacific Theater

The War Hits Home Even though many Americans

wanted to stay out of the war, other events occurred that drew the US in.

On December 7, 1941, Japanese planes bombed the US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

Bombs sank American warships and destroyed American planes.

Thousands of American soldiers, sailors, and civilians were killed.

People who had wanted to remain isolated, now wanted to declare war on Japan.

We declare war… The United States House of Representatives

and Senate voted to declare war on Japan.

Germany and Italy quickly declared war on the United States.

The United States was now one of the Allies.

War on Two Fronts

European Theater

Pacific Theater

The End of the Depression Roosevelt called on factory owners and workers

to focus on making military equipment.

Automobile companies stopped making cars and starting making military tanks and trucks.

The US airplane industry grew rapidly becoming the biggest industry in the world!

What was the effect of this increase in production?

It created millions of jobs and as a result the Great Depression ended.

Weapons of World War 2

Weapons Communication Aviation•Albert Einstein told Roosevelt that is might be possible to build a very powerful bomb.

•Einstein also warned that Germany was working on one.

•By 1945, the US had two atomic bombs ready.•This arms race resulted in government spending which stimulated the economy.

•Secret codes were used to send messages during WW11.

•Computers were invented to crack the enemy’s code.

•This helped the allies win the war.

•Bombers were improved during WWII.

•They could fly farther.

•The bombers had radar which allowed pilots to spot enemy planes.

•These improvements also led to commercial flights.