• 12/15 Focus: – Nationalistic feelings, a glorification of the

military, imperialistic rivalries, and tangled alliances led to unrest in Europe at the start of the 1900’s.

• Important Terms: – Militarism, Powder Keg

• Do Now:– What are some factors that had led to

the rise of nationalism in Europe?

World War I

Outbreak of War in Europe

Causes of WWIKey Terms

• Militarism

• Alliances

• Imperialism

• Nationalism

The policy of building up military forces or threatening armed aggression

An agreement between nations to come to the defense of each other if attacked by another nation.

The attempt by a nation to control the political, economic, and cultural affairs of another nation

Pride in and devotion to one’s country

Germany

• Leaders– Kaiser Wilheim (King)– Otto von Bismark (chancellor)

Germany• Nationalism had

fueled German Unification– Blood and Iron policy– 1871: the German nation

was formed from a group of independent nation-states with a common heritage

• Bismarck transformed the nation into a industrial and military power

Germany

• Foreign Policy– Establish alliances to

prevent Russia and France becoming allies

– Increase military strength

– Increase German influence in world affairs

France

• Wanted to regain role as a power in Europe

• History of conflict with the German states– Competition for territory in

Africa– Territorial disputes over the

border– Franco-Prussian War

• Suffered humiliating defeat to the Germans

• Lost territory on its border (Alsace Lorraine)

• Began to build up its military to get revenge

La Revenge

Great Britain

• Had a large empire– “Sun never sets on

the British Empire” • powerful army/navy• Saw German

industrialization and militarization as a potential threat– Led Britain to form

close ties with France

Russia • controlled by a

autocratic czar (king) – Czar Nicholas Romanov II – Repressed the people– Opposed reforms

• Led to a growing opposition to the rule of the Czar

• Promoted Pan-Slavism– Nationalist movement to

unite Slavic people in E. Europe

– Came to the defense of Slavic people in the Balkans

• Serbia

Ottoman Empire

• A once powerful empire that was losing its power

• History of conflicts with Russia

• Had good relations with Germany

Austria-Hungary

• Leader: – Franz Joseph– The Dual Monarchy

• Austrian monarch and Hungarian monarchs shared power

Austria-Hungary• Controlled many

different ethnic groups • Nationalism fueled

ethnic minorities desire for independence from Austria– Balkans (Serbs and

Croats)– Czechs– Poland

“The Powder Keg of Europe”

System of Alliances

The Triple EntenteThe Triple Alliance

Germany

Austria Hungary

Italy

Ottoman Empirewill become allies laterforming the Central Powers

Russia

Great Britain

France

The Balkan Powder Keg• Serbian nationalists

wanted to unite Serbs in the Balkans– Create a Slavic state– Austria-Hungary

opposed this effort

• Austria- Hungary annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina – Large number of Serbs – Angered Serbian

nationalists

The Spark

MilitarismAlliances

Imperialism Nationalism

June, 28, 1914: Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip, Assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Hungary in Sarajevo

The Powder Keg

Boom

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

The Assassination: Sarajevo

The Assassination: Sarajevo

The Assassin: The Assassin:

GavriloPrincipGavriloPrincip

THE ALLIANCE SYSTEMS GO INTO ACTION

?

?

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia

Russia mobilizes army to the border with A-H

Germany declares war on Russia

Germany declares war on France

Great Britain declares war on Germany

Outbreak of WarAustria-Hungary blames Serbia for death of Archduke and makes harsh demands

Serbia refused to comply with demands

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia (July 28 1914)

Russia moves troops to border with Austria and Germany

Germany declares war on Russia

Germany declares war on France

Germany invades Belgium as part of plan to invade France (August 3, 1914)

Great Britain declares war on Germany

Points for Discussion

• What are the four primary causes of WWI

• What is the immediate cause of WWI