WORLD HISTORY

November 7, 2013

Warm Up!

.

Do you think people are naturally good or naturally bad? Do you think government is necessary?

ACT Word: Superfluous (adj.) beyond what is needed, not necessary.

Agenda

Intro to Enlightenment Enlightenment Thinkers Gallery Walk Evaluating Thinkers Ideas

Goal!

SWBAT explain the opinions of the Enlightenment Thinkers by evaluating their preferred governments

EQ: How did new political ideas impact the government?

Why was the scientific revolution important/ different?

An 18th century European philosophical movement that stressed using reasonreason over blind faith and obedience.

What is the Enlightenment?

Does this new thought remind you of any Does this new thought remind you of any other time period? other time period?

A change that occurred during both the Renaissance and the Enlightenment was a new questioning spirit and attitude emerged.

What are the main beliefs of the Enlightenment?

The government should be derived from the governed.

All human beings are born free and equal with a right to life and liberty. It is the duty of government to protect these natural rights, or rights a person is born with, of its citizens.

Kings DO NOT have a divine right to rule.

What does kings not having power mean for people? VIDEO

The writers said…

Writers of the Enlightenment wanted to changed

the relationship between people and their government.

believed the government decisions should be based on the laws of nature and reason.

Path to the Path to the EnlightenmentEnlightenment

18th century philosophical movement Intellectuals were impressed with

Scientific Revolution Reason—application of scientific

method to understanding life

Wanted progressprogress in society

Reason, natural law, hope, progress

Bacon and Descartes

Put an emphasis on experimentation and reason

Descartes believed everything should be doubted until it could be proven by reason

Who were these thinkers?

In your group complete the section of the chart for you section.

Explain what their new mode of thinking was AND what government they wanted. (15 min.)

Complete your section of the chart on a piece of printer paper. With a visual to help understand- we will have a gallery walk

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes wrote that there would be a war of “every man against every man” if there were no government.

State of Nature = State of War

To avoid this war, Hobbes said, people form a social contract, which was an agreement between people and their government

The best government, he said, is that of a strong king who can force all people to obey.

John Locke, Two Treatises on Government John Locke believed

that people have three natural rights. They are life, liberty, and property.

The purpose of government is to protect these rights. When it fails to do so, he said, people have a right to overthrow the government.

“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” – Thomas JeffersonWho influenced the Declaration of Independence?

The Declaration of Independence

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Rousseau believed that people are born good, but that society corrupts them. “Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains.”

He believed all people were equals in society and should work for common good.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Argued that people enslaved themselves to the government

The Social Contract Society agrees to be governed by its

general will (what’s best for the most people)

People are free by being forced to allow what’s best for the general will

Economics: Adam Smith

believed the government shouldn’t interfere with economy (Laissez- FaireLaissez- Faire)

Wrote Wealth of Nations Thought the government

should have 3 roles—army, police, public works

Montesquieu

French noble Book is Spirit of the Laws Applied scientific method

to find natural laws that govern relationships of people

3 types of governments Republics—good for small states Despotism—good for large states Monarchies—good for medium-

sized states

Montesquieu (cont’d.)

Used England as example of good monarchy

3 branches of government Executive Judicial Legislative

Separation of powers—each branch limits and controls the others

Ideas applied in US government

Hobbes

“In [a state of nature], there is … no Knowledge of the face of the Earth; no account of Time; no Arts; no Letters; no Society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; And the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”

Locke

“The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it. . . no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions: . . . Every one . . . may not . . . take away, or impair . . . the life, the liberty, health, limb, or goods of another.”

Rousseau

“What then is government? It is an intermediary body established between the subjects and the sovereign [king] to keep them in touch with each other… The government’s power is only the public power vested in it.… when the [government] has a particular will of its own stronger than that of the sovereign… at that moment the social union will disappear and the body politic will be dissolved.”

Voltair

“If there were only one religion in England, there would be danger of tyranny; if there were two, they would cut each other’s throats; but there are thirty, and they live happily together in peace.”

Montesquieu

“When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty; because apprehensions may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws, to execute them in a tyrannical manner.”

Evaluate:

Which thinker do you most agree with? Summarize that thinkers point and explain why you most agree with him.

Write his thoughts onto a lightbulb

Discussion

1) What is the State of Nature like?2) Are people naturally good or bad?3) What is the purpose of government?4) Why would you want to enter into society?

1) What are the benefits?2) What are the disadvantages?

5) What are natural rights? 1) Where do they come from? (God, reason,

etc.)

The Royal Africa Company -- the company which carried on the slave trade for England was chartered in 1665. Locke, along with Shaftsbury and many others bought shares in the Royal Africa Company. Locke later sold his shares at a profit. Locke also held a significant share in the Bahama Adventurers -- another company which traded in slaves in the Bahama Islands.

Contradiction

Work on:

Work on DBQ Questions

Read the passage below to answer the question that follows. Speaker A: Good government stresses the importance of the nation

and accepts the rights of the individual only if the interests of the individual are the same as those of the nation.

Speaker B: The person of the king is sacred and to attack him in any way is to attack religion itself. The respect given to a king is religious in nature.

Speaker C: All human beings are born free and equal with a right to life and liberty. It is the duty of government to protect these natural rights of its citizens.

Speaker D: Our goal will not be achieved by democracy or liberal reforms, but by blood and iron. Only then will we be successful. No nation achieves greatness or unity without the traumatic experiences of war.

Exit Slip

Summarize the ideas of John Locke Summarize the ideas of Thomas Hobbes Compare and contrast their ideas about

how people should be governed