WORLD HEALTH DAY -APRIL 7 2011

COLLEGE OF NURSING KANNUR MEDICAL COLLEGE

ANJARAKANDYKANNUR, KERALA

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONAT A GLANCE…..The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on April 7, 1948, with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health Organization, which was an agency of the League of Nations.[1]

WHO HEADQUARTERS AT GENEVA…….

WHO THEME OF THE 2011

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE:NO ACTION TODAY,

NO CURE TOMMOROW.

World Health Day 2011World Health Day 2011

WHY THIS THEME?

WHO SAYS;

We live in an era of medical breakthroughs with new wonder drugs available to treat conditions that a few decades ago, or even a few years ago in the case of HIV/AIDS, would have proved fatal. For World Health Day 2011, WHO will launch a worldwide campaign to safeguard these medicines for future generations. Antimicrobial resistance and its global spread threaten the continued effectiveness of many medicines used today to treat the sick, while at the same time it risks jeopardizing important advances being made against major infectious killers.

Previous world health days

In 1948, the first world health assembly called for the creation of A "world health day" to mark the founding of the world health organization.

Since 1950, world health day has been celebrated on the 7th of April annually. Each year A theme is selected for world health day that highlights A priority area of concern for WHO.

World health day is A worldwide opportunity to focus on key public health issues that affect the international community. World health day launches longer-term advocacy programme that continue well beyond 7 April.

PREVIOUS THEMES AT A GLANCE….2010: URBANIZATION AND HEALTH - 1000 CITIES, 1000 LIVES

2009: MAKE HOSPITALS SAFE IN EMERGENCIES

2008: PROTECTING HEALTH FROM CLIMATE CHANGE

2007: INTERNATIONAL HEALTH SECURITY

2006: WORKING TOGETHER FOR HEALTH

2005: MAKE EVERY MOTHER AND CHILD COUNT

2004: ROAD SAFETY

2003: SHAPE THE FUTURE OF LIFE

2002: MOVE FOR HEALTH

2001: MENTAL HEALTH: STOP EXCLUSION, DARE TO CARE

Why AMR is a global concern?

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) kills

Challenges care and control of infectious diseases

Greatly increases care costs

Threatens a return to the pre-antibiotic era

Jeopardizes healthcare gains for individuals and society

Compromises health security, damages trade and economy

Lack of coherent approaches to prevention and containment

AMR: a major challenge

Tuberculosis (TB): 440,000 new multidrug resistance (MDR) TB cases annually; extensively drug resistance (XDR) TB cases reported in 64 countries so far

Malaria: Emergence of Artemisinin resistance linked to on-going use of monotherapies

HIV: With expanded use of antiretroviral (ARVs), resistance is a concern

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: lethal infections in hospital settings becoming increasingly frequent

Multi-drug resistant E.coli, K.pneumoniae and Enterobacter sp.: infections are on the rise and a new beta-lactamase, NDM-1, is causing alarm

Neisseria gonorrheae and Shigella: becoming increasingly resistant to drugs

What drives AMR? PLANS AND RESOURCES NOT COMPREHENSIVE OR COHERENT; POOR ACCOUNTABILITY

CONSUMERS AND COMMUNITIES NOT ENGAGED

SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS WEAK OR ABSENT

SYSTEMS FOR ENSURING QUALITY AND SUPPLY OF MEDICINES INADEQUATE

USE OF MEDICINES INAPPROPRIATE AND IRRATIONAL, INCLUDING IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL POOR

ANTIMICROBIALS AND DIAGNOSTICS ARSENAL LIMITED

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR DIAGNOSTICS AND MEDICINES INSUFFICIENT

Global policy response to AMR

Global commitment: WHO global strategy for containment of AMR (2001)

Surveillance systems and response strategies being pursued

Task force and informal network at global and regional levels

Regional action: who regional committee resolutions (e.g. Afro, paho, searo)

Political will: world health assembly resolutions

1998 – emerging and other communicable diseases AMR

2005 – improving the containment of AMR

2009 – prevention and control of MDR-TB and XDR-TB

Despite progress, strategies for amr containment have not been widely implemented

AMR: What is blocking progress?

Complex problem requiring a comprehensive response among and between Member States across different sectors

Actions needed are clear – but there is a failure of commitment, implementation and accountability

Preventing AMR is a "public good" which strengthens health security – but financing is insufficient

WHD 2011- flagship event of the year!

Wo r l d H e a l t h D a y w i l l : D r a w g l o b a l f o c u s o n A M R

E n g a g e a l l 1 9 3 W H O M e m b e r S t a t e s a n d t h e g l o b a l h e a l t h c o m m u n i t y

F o s t e r a c t i o n f o r c h a n g e w o r l d w i d e

Wo r l d H e a l t h D a y w i l l e n g a g e a n d e n l i s t :

H e a l t h M i n i s t e r s , o t h e r p o l i c y m a k e r s a n d h e a l t h l e a d e r s , T h e p u b l i c , p a t i e n t s a n d c i v i l s o c i e t y

P h a r m a c e u t i c a l i n d u s t r y, h e a l t h i n s t i t u t i o n s , p r e s c r i b e r s a n d d i s p e n s e r s , J o u r n a l i s t s a n d t h e m e d i a

WHD 2011: What will we achieve?

Goal: To save lives and protect health by keeping precious, lifesaving medicines effective and useful to combat disease

Aims:To raise awareness on what drives AMRTo build commitment for effective policies and practices and their implementation to combat AMR

Objectives:To introduce a Policy Package for Member States focused on six top priority actions to combat AMRTo reach and engage key stakeholders through innovative communications, advocacy and events To promote further collaboration across sectors and among stakeholders

WHD 2011 will lead to

Coherent statement of commitment across stakeholders and by key constituencies

Comprehensive, financed national plans and clearer accountability lines

New national, regional and global initiatives, such as collaboration across AMR surveillance networks

Coordinated NGO action

Sustained information campaigns

Incentives for more R&D for new diagnostics and medicines

Some partners who are promoting action on AMR and World Health Day

The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation The Government of Sweden ECDC (European Centre for Disease Control) CDC (US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention) CGD (Centre for Global Development) TATFAR (Trans-Atlantic Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance) ReACT (Action on Antibiotic Resistance) IDSA (Infectious Diseases Society of America) APUA (Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics) IFPMA (Int'l Fed. Of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations) FIP (International Pharmaceutical Federation) The Global Fund Stop TB Partnership WHONET UK Health Protection Agency

ANTI MICROBIAL RESISTANCE [AMR]

-AN OVERVIEW

WHAT IS AMR?

Antimicrobial resistance is the ability of certain microorganisms to withstand attack by antimicrobials, and the uncontrolled rise in resistant pathogens threatens lives and wastes limited healthcare resources.

CAUSES

In medicine

• Over use and misuse of drugs

• Selling of over the counter drugs without prescription

Role of other animals

MECHANISMS

The four main mechanisms by which microorganisms exhibit resistance to antimicrobials are:

• Drug inactivation or modification

• Alteration of target site

• Alteration of metabolic pathway

• Reduced drug accumulation

WHAT CAN BE DONE?

• Improving antimicrobial use

• Blocking transmission of resistant organisms

PREVENTION AND NURSES INTERVENTIONS CUM PATIENT, AND GENERAL COMMUNITY EDUCATION ACCORDING TO WHO GLOBAL STRATEGY.

AT A GLANCE…….

CONCLUSIONW hi l e i t ’s ve r y d i f f i cu l t t o qua n t i f y t he t o t a l i m pa c t o f r e s i s t anc e on hea l t h , pub l i shed da t a c l e a r l y i nd i c a t e t ha t m orb i d i t y a nd m or t a l i t y a r e i nc r e a s ed by de l a ys i n a dm i n i s t e r i ng e f f e c t i ve t r e a t m en t f o r i n f e c t i ons c a use d by r e s i s t a n t pa t hoge ns .

I n t h i s l i gh t , i m p l e m e n t a t i on o f

W HO STRATEGY c a n be c ons i de r e d app r op r i a t e r i sk m a na gem en t t o p r o t e c t c u r r en t he a l t h c a r e i n i t i a t i ve s a nd t he a va i l a b i l i t y o f t r e a t m e n t f o r f u t u r e ge ne ra t i ons .

THANK YOU