world feed panorama: once again, industry increases its volume · once again, industry increases...
TRANSCRIPT
World Feed Panorama: Once again, industry increases its volume
Digital edition: www.fi -digital.com
Producing secure feed in 2012 and beyond
Using carbohydrases in pig and poultry feed to reduce feed cost
Using innovation to formulate profi table pig diets
WATTAgNet.com MARCH/APRIL 2012
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WATTAgNet.com MARCH/APRIL 2012
Volume 33 Number 2
Features
Departments
4 Feed world news
26 Products
28 Marketplace
28 Advertisers’ Index
Cover picture: ©Martesia Bezuidenhout/bigstock.com
8 World Feed Panorama: Once again, industry increases its volumeAsia-Pacifi c countries hold the largest regional share of feed production.
14 Producing secure feed in 2012 and beyondFounded in the midst of the mad cow disease crisis that shook Europe in the early part of the 21st century, a decade later Alifel Feed shows there is still value in maintaining secure production.
18 Focusing on the local feed market in ThailandThai Foods Group is fi nding success not by competing with the country’s big players that are expanding internationally, but by taking a different route entirely – concentrating on winning market share solely in Thailand.
22 Using carbohydrases in pig and poultry feed to reduce costThe use of carbohydrases in animal feed has a clear fi nancial benefi t, especially when cereal prices are high.
24 Using innovation to formulate profi table pig dietsIn a world of price volatility, it will take creativity and a fresh pair of eyes to be successful in pig production. So how exactly does one go about doing that?
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China to support beef, mutton productionChina’s Ministry of Agriculture has released a nationwide development plan for grain-saving animal husbandry through 2020.
According to this plan, by 2020 the country’s beef production must reach 7.4 million tons, its mutton production must reach 4.7 million tons and its milk pro-duction must reach 64 million tons. To achieve the set goals, the Chinese gov-ernment will give more support to grain-saving husbandry by promoting pilot insurance and a subsidy program, and will reward regions productive in beef and mutton, according to reports.
Merrick appoints new president, CEOFeed manufacturer Merrick Animal Nutrition Inc. has named Johanna Kuehn, vice president of sales and marketing, to the position of presi-dent and CEO of the company.
Kuehn has been a part of the Merrick organization for the past 17 years. She suc-ceeds William J. Merrick, III, who will remain active in his role as chairman of the board.
Brazil lowers corn crop harvest estimatesBrazil lowered its harvest estimates for the 2011-2012 summer corn forecast, say-ing a 13-week drought has caused corn growers to reduce output in a key growing region in that country.
Brazil lowered its corn forecast by 4.3 percent from December 2011’s estimated 36.44 million metric tons to 34.88 mil-
lion metric tons, according to AgRural Commodities Agricolas. According to the crop forecasting firm, Brazil harvested 35.93 million tons over the same period last year.
AgRural said Brazil’s southern states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Parana reduced output by 13 percent to 12.86 million tons due to an extended dry season followed by heavy rains.
Feed world newsEuropean benchmark milling wheat fu-tures have reached a seven-month high on concerns that recent bitterly cold weather in Russia, Ukraine and western European grain producers including France, Germany and Poland may damage harvests, according to reports.
Europe’s benchmark wheat, Paris’ March contract, reached 221.50 Euros per metric ton in February 1 morning trade, a price last seen in June 2011. March wheat was up 3.00 Euros, or 1.3 percent, at 218.50 Euros per metric ton. Paris new crop for November was
1.6 percent higher, at 199.75 Euros per metric ton. “A sharp freeze across Europe and the Ukraine, further talk of large damage to Ukraine winter wheat yields, lack of snow coverage, the question mark over Russian exports and logistics all continue to dominate market views across Europe and the Black Sea,” said Jaime-Nolan Miralles of INTL FCStone Inc.
Wheat futures have pared some of their gains as traders consider the haste of the initial rise, and traders are now awaiting official damage reports from western Europe.
EU wheat futures hit seven-month high on weather concerns
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Corn prices may decline in next decadeCorn prices, which averaged $6 per bushel in 2011, may decline in the next decade as U.S. production begins to catch up with demand, according to reports.
The average cash price is predicted to fall to $4.54 in the 2013 marketing year be-ginning September 1, then rise to $4.82 by 2022, according to analysts from the U.S. Congressional Budget Offi ce. Corn futures closed at $6.3175 per bushel on January 30 on the Chicago Board of Trade.
Slower growth in the use of corn for ethanol is “giving trend corn production a chance to catch up and surpass demand growth,” said Keith Collins, a former U.S. Department of Agriculture chief econo-mist. Yield gains may not keep up with Congressional Budget Offi ce predictions, and year-to-year variations in supply and demand may be greater than forecast, said Collins.
Corn use is expected to rise by 14 percent to 15.198 billion bushels by 2022.
Feed World News
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Can we feed a world with 9 Billion people? Is China an opportunity or a global resource crisis? Why did the Chinese build a factory on the chance that Apple might choose them? Why does China succeed while Europe and America are failing? Will Africa be the new Brazil? Facebook will soon to be worth $100 Billion. What does this tell us about social media? How can agriculture benefit from the first global youth network? Is aquaculture the future of protein? Nestlé says its future is in Nutrigenomics even as few understand the concept? Why does Alltech say Epigenetics and programmed nutrition is the future of meat production? Why do business schools teach strategy but fail to adequately cover salesmanship, fundamental to building a business? What does the next generation of lawyers, marketers and economists need to know about a growing new economy and a primary requirement of life – Food? Can we feed a world with 9 Billion people? Is China an opportunity or a global resource crisis? Why did the Chinese build a factory on the chance that Apple might choose them? Why does China succeed while Europe and America are failing? Will Africa be the new Brazil? Facebook will soon to be worth $100 Billion. What does this tell us about social media? How can agriculture benefit from the first global youth network? Is aquaculture the future of protein? Nestlé says its future is in Nutrigenomics even as few understand the concept? Why does Alltech say Epigenetics and programmed nutrition is the future of meat production? Why do business schools teach strategy but fail to adequately cover salesmanship, fundamental to building a business? What does the next generation of lawyers, marketers and economists need to know about a growing new economy and a primary requirement of life – Food? Can we feed a world with 9 Billion people? Is China an opportunity or a global resource crisis? Why did the Chinese build a factory on the chance that Apple might choose them? Why does China succeed while Europe and America are failing? Will Africa be the new
Brazil? Facebook will soon to be worth $100 Billion. What does this tell us about social media? How can agriculture benefit from the first global youth network? Is aquaculture the future of protein? Nestlé says its future is in Nutrigenomics even as few understand the concept? Why does Alltech say Epigenetics and programmed nutrition is the future of meat production? Why do business schools teach strategy but fail to adequately cover salesmanship, fundamental to building a business? What does the next generation of lawyers, marketers and economists need to know about a strategy but fail to adequately cover salesmanship, fundamental business? What does the next generation of lawyers, marketers and economists need to know about a strategy but fail to adequately cover salesmanship, fundamental to building a business? What does the next generation of lawyers, marketers and economists need to know about a
to building a
growing new economy and a primary requirement of life – Food? Can we feed a world with 9 Billion people? Is China an opportunity or a global resource crisis? Why did the Chinese build a factory on the chance that Apple might choose them? Why does China succeed while Europe and America are failing? Will Africa be the new Brazil? Facebook will soon to be worth $100 Billion. What does
this tell about social media? How can agriculture benefit from the first global youth network? Is aquaculture the future of protein? Nestlé says its future is in Nutrigenomics even as few understand the concept? Why does Alltech say Epigenetics and programmed nutrition is the Why does Alltech say Epigenetics and programmed nutrition is the
global youth network? Is aquaculture the future of protein? Nestlé says its future is in Nutrigenomics even as few understand the concept? Why does Alltech say Epigenetics and programmed nutrition is the future of meat production? Why do business schools teach strategy but fail to adequately cover salesmanship, fundamental to building a business? What does the next generation of lawyers, marketers and economists need to know about a growing new economy and a primary requirement of life – Food? Can we feed a world with 9 Billion people? Is China an opportunity or a global resource crisis? Why did the Chinese build a factory on the chance that Apple might choose them? Why does China succeed while Europe and America are failing? Will Africa be the new
Brazil? Facebook will soon to be worth $100 Billion. What does this tell us about social media?
agriculture benefit from the first global youth network? Is aquaculture the future of protein? Nestlé says its future is in Nutrigenomics even as few understand the concept? Why does Alltech say Epigenetics and programmed nutrition is the future of meat production? Why do business schools teach strategy but fail to adequately cover salesmanship, fundamental business? What does the next generation of lawyers, marketers and economists need to know about a strategy but fail to adequately cover salesmanship, fundamental business? What does the next generation of lawyers, marketers and economists need to know about a strategy but fail to adequately cover salesmanship, fundamental
growing new economy and a primary requirement of life – Food? Can we feed a world with 9 Billion people? Is China an opportunity or a global resource crisis? Why did the Chinese build a factory on the chance that Apple might choose them? Why does China succeed while Europe and America are failing? Will Africa be the new Brazil? Facebook will soon to be worth $100 Billion. What does
this tell us about social media? How can agriculture benefit from the first global youth network? Is aquaculture the future of protein? Nestlé says its future is in Nutrigenomics even as few understand the concept? Why does Alltech say Epigenetics and programmed nutrition is the Why does Alltech say Epigenetics and programmed nutrition is the
this tell us about social media? How can agriculture benefit from the first global youth network? Is aquaculture the future of protein? Nestlé says its future is in Nutrigenomics even as few understand the concept? Why does Alltech say Epigenetics and programmed nutrition is the future of meat production? Why do business schools
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South Africa feed producers turning to wheat for livestockSouth Africa yellow corn prices have increased 39 percent in the last six months and national stocks have dropped 40 percent, causing live-stock feed producers to seek out cheaper alternatives like wheat for the fi rst time in a decade, according to reports.
Historically, wheat used to be approximately 900 rand (US$112) more expensive per ton than yellow corn, but the difference has nar-rowed, said Brink van Wyk, a trader at Bosveld Graan.
CALENDARGet a complete list of
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Our latest World Feed Panorama survey points to a 1.3 percent annual growth in the production of compound feeds by commercial mills worldwide in 2011. This result is based on preliminary estimates, so it still needs to be confi rmed once fi rm-er statistics become known. Nonetheless, it suggests a remarkably consistent rate of expansion for the feed industry in re-cent times, following reported increases of about 1 percent in 2009 and almost 1.5 percent in 2010.
A year ago, our survey report said that the global output of commercial com-pound feeds had grown in 2010 to some 718 million metric tons. Updated informa-tion received since then has allowed a revision so that we now consider the 2010 total to have been nearer to 725 million tons. For 2011, our estimate currently is that a volume of over 734.5 million tons has been produced (see Figure 1).
Asia-Pacifi c countries lead The largest regional share of world
feed production is held by the Asia-Pacifi c countries (see Figure 2). By our calcula-tions, the region’s own growth rate in 2011 was about 1 percent compared with
a 2 percent increase in 2010. Europe is second for size. It grew its feed output by only 0.1 percent in 2011, after a 2010 rise of 2.5 percent. North America is in third place, having produced 1 percent more in 2011, following a 2 percent boost the pre-vious year. Latin America holds the fourth spot, following a near-3 percent growth in 2010, with an increase of more than 3 percent in 2011. Although starting from a lower level, compound feeds output in the region comprising the Middle East with Africa rose 5 percent in 2011 after 1.5 percent in 2010.
We should emphasize again here that the World Feed Panorama annual survey looks exclusively at complete compound feeds produced by commercial manufac-turers in all countries. It does not include home-mixed rations, concentrates or premixes and it also excludes any un-mixed materials or forages fed to farm animals.
Sources described 2011 as having been a transitional year for the commer-cial feed business, coming between the trauma of the spike in grain prices that hit customer confi dence during the second part of 2010, and the uncertainties that
Global markets by Peter Best
Asia-Pacifi c countries hold the largest regional share of feed production.
Once again, industry increases its volume
Support the data searchers! Animal feed production is often poorly documented in individual countries. The � gures available may understate the true position be-cause they are from a national asso-ciation that counts only the tonnage produced by its members. In other instances, the of� cial statistics are in� ated or there is an overestimate because the gap created by an ab-sence of production data from reg-istered mills is � lled simply by calcu-lating the total feed requirement for the country’s animal inventory. Good documentation of trends is vital to assist the forward planning of en-terprises and sectors. Therefore, we urge everyone in the feed business to support any initiative by interna-tional industry organizations aimed at gathering reliable � gures as a da-taset to be maintained consistently over the coming years.
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now surround us regarding global eco-nomic trends in the near future. Sources added that it was also a year for maintain-ing feed volumes, despite generally tight financial margins per ton sold.
Data collection challenges Furthermore, these sources wanted to
draw attention to the increasing difficulty for data collection to distinguish between feed tonnages produced by mills in the com-mercial arena and those from integrators or from large farms making their own rations.
In some places, the home-mixing seg-ment may account for at least one-third of the overall feed volume. The Canadian market provides an example, with the Animal Nutrition Association of Canada reporting that on-farm feed mixers add 10 million metric tons to the 20 million tons produced each year by the country’s commercial mills. In Vietnam, some 37.5 percent of all feeds in 2011 were home-mixed.
Undoubtedly, farm-mixing plays less of a role in feeding poultry than in the pig business. An analysis by Russia’s Ministry of Agriculture has concluded that at least 70 percent of poultry feeds in Russia now originate from the producers of the birds rather than from outside mills. In 2000, the feed mills had supplied almost half of all feeds for poultry nationwide.
Europe First estimates by the European Feed
Manufacturers’ Federation have been that compound feed production in the EU-27 countries of the European Union slipped back by 1.5 percent to about 149 million metric tons, from the 151 million tons pro-duced in 2010.
The federation noted a drop of 1 per-
cent for the EU’s output of compounds for pigs together with a slippage of some 0.5 percent in feeds for laying hens. Both of these were predictable, given the decrease in pig numbers prompted by poor producer profitability in Europe in 2011, and the decision by a number of egg producers to quit the business rather than invest in the noncage hen housing systems demanded by new European Union legislation. More surprising was a finding that cattle feed production fell by 3 percent. Earlier in the year it had seemed that a dry spring would actually add to the cattle feed demand, but this was followed by a warmer-than-usual autumn period of above-average nutrition from grazing.
France rates among the biggest of the EU members for annual feed pro-duction. Its organizations have said there was a decrease of only 0.1 per-cent in the total French tonnage in 2011 because poultry feed production rose by 0.5 percent, while pig feeds were down 1 percent and ruminant feed vol-umes hardly changed.
Our database shows Russia’s feed production up by as much as 16 per-cent in 2011 as grain stocks were re-stored, giving a current annual volume for the Russian commercial mill segment of around 17 million metric tons. Note
Mill
ion
tons
World total feed production x million metric tons
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
'11'10'09'08'07'06'05'04'03'02'01'00'99'98'97'96'95
FIGURE 1: World total feed production x million metric tons Regional shares (% ) of world compound feed
production in 2011
Europe
NorthAmerica
MidEast/Africa
Latin America
Asia-Pacific
FIGURE 2: Regional shares (%) of world compound feed production in 2011
With the exception of a couple years with slight dips, the trend has been an annual increase in world total feed production since 1995.
The Asia-Pacific region accounted for the largest share of world compound feed production in 2011.
ExclUsIvE onlInE contEnt Sign in or sign up at www.WattAgNet.com to access additional feed data online. To download a dataset, click the appropriate link below.
▶ Asia Pacific feed tonnages 2011 www.WATTAgNet.com/148530.html
▶ European feed tonnages 2011 www.WATTAgNet.com/148532.html
▶ Feed production trends in major countries and regions from 2000 to 2011 www.WATTAgNet.com/148535.html
▶ Middle East and Africa feed tonnages for 2011 www.WATTAgNet.com/148539.html
▶ North America feed tonnages for 2011 www.WATTAgNet.com/148541.html
▶ Latin America feed tonnages for 2011 www.WATTAgNet.com/148537.html
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that this differs from figures in a national agricultural ministry feed development document, in which 2010 production of compounds was given as 28.4 million metric tons (up from 26.5 million tons in 2009 and 24.4 million tons in 2008). But the ministry’s 2010 total had included 14.4 million tons for poultry and, as mentioned previously, more than 70 percent of this was made for its own use by the produc-ers of meat or eggs. That would imme-diately remove 10 million tons from the amount attributable to commercial mills.
Americas Although regional federation
FeedLatina has started collecting figures (see sidebar), the most consistent reports of any Latin American feed tonnages so far have been those from Brazil’s na-
tional association Sindicato Nacional da Indústria de Alimentação Animal. At the end of 2011, it was putting the country’s latest annual feed production up 4.7 percent at 64.3 million metric tons, after rising 5.3 percent to 61.4 million tons in 2010.
Mexico produced 21 million met-ric tons of feeds in 2000. The national Consejo Nacional de Fabricantes de Alimentos Balanceados, Mexico’s council of feed manufacturers and animal nutri-tion, proposed a volume of about 28.1 million metric tons for 2010. First indica-tions for 2011 from industry sources have been of a slight downturn to approximate-ly 27.7 million tons.
Argentina is showing most growth regionally with the expansion of the local poultry, pig meat and milk industries. One analyst contends that maize usage nation-ally will increase by over 7.5 percent in the 12 months to June 2012 as these sectors expand, even while beef feedlots continue to reduce their cattle numbers.
By some recent indicators, our World Feed Panorama database should be recognizing a greater level of output for
World Feed Panorama
Global aquaculture has grown more rapidly over the past 30 years than any other part of the animal protein supply chain. It is indisputably the segment of world feed production with the larg-est annual rate of growth. Increases averaging 5 percent per year have been achieved in feed volumes for aquacul-ture since 2000 and further expansion at similar rates is confidently predicted.
An estimate made in 2008 was that out of a world aquaculture output of 52.5 million metric tons for that year, some 31.5 million tons, or 46 per-cent, depended on the direct use of feed. Over 30% of these feed require-ments was for carp, with other omni-vores and herbivores (such as tilapia and catfish) accounting for another ma-jor share. In volume terms there was a lesser demand for feeds for carnivores
Aqua: the fastest- growing part of the feed business
Another view of Latin America A new source of data has emerged with the decision made by FeedLatina,which represents the interests of feed industries in South America, Central America and the Caribbean, to collect regional Latin American statistics. Its direc-tor presented certain findings for 2009-2010 to the 2011 general as-sembly of Mexican feed association Consejo Nacional de Fabricantes de Alimentos Balanceados.
We present the 2010 num-bers here with the permission of FeedLatina, to highlight its search for regional data as well as to un-derline the variations in national feed production indications that can come from different sources.
In the accompanying table, FeedLatina felt able to identify a total of 126.78 million metric tons of feeds manufactured in the re-gion. By way of comparison, our own 2010 regional total for Latin America had been 118.4 million metric tons. Part of the explana-tion is that the survey work of Feed Latina has extended to more countries, but another part is due to some large differences in attributed national volumes.
Working with Argentina’s Cámara Argentina de Empresas de Nutrición Animal, FeedLatina arrived at a figure for Argentina in 2011 of almost 14.4 million metric tons – or double that estimated previously as compounds produc-tion from the country’s commercial mills. Colombia is assessed at 5.5 million metric tons instead of the 4.1 million metric tons we reported. Bolivia’s tonnage is reckoned 27 percent higher than the 500,000 metric tons we have been using, while Ecuador’s tonnage is esti-mated to be 25 percent higher than our 820,000 tons-per-year figure.
Country Metric tonsArgentina 14379Bolivia 618Brazil 60379Chile 3150Colombia 5503Costa Rica 519Cuba 1644Dominican Rep. 1511Ecuador 1027El Salvador 554Guatemala 1220Honduras 434Mexico 27300Nicaragua 216Panama 569Paraguay 278Peru 3197Uruguay 319Venezuela 3958TOTAL 126775
Source: FeedLatina
FIGURE 3: Feed production (x 1000 metric tons) in 2010 in countries of Latin America and the Caribbean
In the Latin America and Caribbean re-gion, Brazil led 2010 feed production with more than 60 million metric tons.
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Aqua: the fastest- growing part of the feed business such as salmon, for marine fin-fish and for shrimp or prawns.
At the WATT Online Forum of June 2010, aquafeeds expert Dr. Albert Tacon said that 29.3 million metric tons of feeds had been produced globally for aqua-culture in 2008 and the expectation for 2010 was 35.3 million tons. Projected increases over the current decade should see output reach 50.9 million tons in 2015 and 70.8 million tons in 2020.
Feeds for farmed salmon and sea-water trout grew in volume by more than 5 percent between 1998 and 2010. The rise was interrupted temporarily in 2008/09 when a viral infection hit salmon farms in Chile, one of the main produc-ers, but even then the 2008 production of salmonid feeds was some 2 million metric tons. Various estimates for the salmonid feed business in 2010 put it at
around 2.5 million metric tons.The largest single producer of salm-
on and trout from aquaculture is Norway, where the fishfeed market increased by around 8 percent annually from 2006 to 2010. Norwegian-based independ-ent aquaculture market data specialist Kontali Analyse has revealed exclusively to the World Feed Panorama survey that its database shows world salmonid feed production having increased to 3.28 mil-lion metric tons in 2011. Kontali also per-mits us to report its conclusion over the feeds produced in Mediterranean coun-tries in 2011 for the ocean farmed finfish species (mainly seabass and seabream, but excluding tuna), at a total of between 510,000 and 520,000 metric tons.
Some 85 percent of world aqua-culture production is located in Asia, with China as the world’s number one
producer of farmed fish and therefore, the biggest user of aquafeeds. Its 15 mil-lion metric tons of feeds for aquaculture in 2010 and 15.4 million metric tons in 2011 clearly overshadow third-placed Vietnam’s production of 2.37 million metric tons in 2010 and 2.43 million tons in 2011.
However, Vietnam has been singled out as the place to watch for aquaculture development during the present decade, alongside forecasts that its aquafeed re-quirements could grow by 84 percent be-tween 2011 and 2020. There are signs already that local production is failing to keep pace with demand, as around 15 percent of the feeds used are imported. But, investors including feed manufactur-ers from abroad are acquiring or building Vietnamese mills to bring a dramatic boost to national production capacity.
When national data refer to a country that is a large-scale feed producer, it has a strong influence on the assessment of a glo-bal total. The classic example in this connection is that of China.
The standard source of Chinese data is the China Feed Industry Association, although some numbers are cited by the Ministry of Agriculture and the national bureau of statistics. Between 2005 and 2010, CFIA reports had production of com-pound feeds in China growing from 77.6 million to 124.3 million metric tons. Compounds were reported to account for 72.5 per-cent of total feed supplies in 2005 and for 78.7 percent in 2010.
Our associated Chinese website Ch-Agri.com has quoted Ministry of Agriculture sources in early 2012 saying that China produced 130.2 million metric tons of compound feeds in 2010, rising to 138 million metric tons in 2011. Proportionately, its figures indicated the share of compounds in total feeds in-creasing to 80 percent, then 81.7 percent in the last two years.
The Ministry official stated that 2011 changes included 4 percent annual increases both for pig feeds and ruminant feeds, taking their tonnage totals from all sources to 62.1 mil-lion metric tons and 7.6 million metric tons, respectively. But feeds for broiler chickens rose 5 percent to 49.8 million metric tons while those for laying hens were up 3 percent to 31 million metric tons. There was also a 3 percent increase in the pro-duction of feeds for aquaculture, to 15.4 million metric tons.
Two points need to be emphasized. The first is that these changes refer to total feeds. Secondly, the compound feeds in the CFIA data are considered to be complete mixtures from all sources and not exclusively those from commercial manu-facturing enterprises. In World Feed Panorama, the total is restricted to compound feeds produced by commercial manu-facturing enterprises, with lower totals reported as a result.
The World Feed Panorama survey uses a commercial-compounds figure for China of about 109 million metric tons in 2010, increasing to more than 110 million metric tons in 2011, reflecting the 2011 downturns in Chinese pig and poultry sec-tors due to disease incidents and weakening economics.
In January, Alltech released a global survey it commis-sioned that listed compound feed output in China at 175.4 million metric tons. That accounts for part of the difference between the Alltech survey’s global feed tonnage of 873 mil-lion metric tons, as compared to the 734.5 million metric tons reported by World Feed Panorama.
Feed manufacturing has grown quickly in the past dec-ade, but it is maturing now and growth rates are likely to slow. Recent expansion has predominantly involved the big players. In the middle of the 2000s, the top ten manufacturers were reckoned to be producing less than one-quarter of the nation’s mixed feed. Today, the proportion is close to one-third.
China reveals differences in data
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Venezuela than the 3.5 million metric tons it shows currently. Local reports put the latest volume at almost 4.1 million metric tons, including 3.1 million tons for poultry and 940,000 tons for pigs.
Africa At the 2011 annual meeting of the
International Feed Industry Federation, the Animal Feed Manufacturers Association of South Africa referred to national feed production as totaling 10.66 million metric tons. The largest single slice of this, at 3.2 million metric tons, was for broilers, followed by 3.1 million metric tons for beef and sheep.
Our database is broadly in line with this indicated total by showing output in South Africa at 10 to 11 million metric tons per year. How much of this should be allocated to commercially produced compounds is debatable, but one of the
country’s biggest players says 9.6 million metric tons per year.
Other countries in the combined database zone of the Middle East with Africa have been difficult to assess in 2011, not least due to the fallout from the political unrest in North Africa and Middle East neighbors. However, the inclusion of Turkey in this zone meant an overall increase could be reported because Turkish feed manufacturing is reckoned to have rocketed from 9.5 million metric tons to 11.5 million metric tons per year.
Asia-Pacific Disease issues surfaced again in 2011,
hitting the feed business especially in the Korean Republic. This also affected China to a lesser degree. But the big stories from Asia last year were the floods in Thailand and the earthquake plus tsunami that dev-astated northern Japan in March 2011.
Remarkably, in view of the fact that the Thai and Japanese events both involved
parts of those countries important to na-tional feed and livestock production, the preliminary 2011 database numbers do not signify big cutbacks. For Thailand, 1.2 million metric tons of feeds are believed to still be achieved despite the flooding problems, and for Japan, we show a strong recovery to finish the year on 23.9 million metric tons. Korean feed tonnages, by contrast, are shown down to 15.6 mil-lion metric tons with a particularly large dip in the output of pig feeds because animal numbers had been markedly re-duced.
Indonesia stands out regionally for potential. Industry authorities forecast that the 10 million metric tons of feeds produced in 2011 will be 12 million metric tons by the year 2014.
World Feed Panorama
A sign of the rising trend in global feed production is that an-other 22 million metric tons of grains are forecast to be used in livestock and poultry feeds worldwide in the 12 months to June 2012 than in 2010/11. A market assessment by the International Grains Council says all-grains usage in feeds is likely to reach almost 768 million metric tons compared with the previous year’s 745.6 million metric tons.
What’s more, five-year projections of grain supply and demand, newly issued by the International Grains Council sec-retariat, have suggested that 846 million metric tons could be used in the world’s animal feeds each year by 2016/17.
The council’s shorter-term forecasts for 2011/12 include a world feed use of maize (corn) of 485 million metric tons, up by 11 million metric tons or 2.3 percent, despite high prices and strong competition from alternative materials. Most of the additional corn uptake is expected to occur in the de-veloping markets of China, Brazil and India, although the past season’s large crop may also lift feed use in the European countries.
Equally, a sharp increase in global feed use in 2011/12 is predicted for wheat. The
council says the quantity of wheat going into the world’s animal feeds is likely to be the most in two decades at 125.5 million metric tons, compared with a 2010/11 figure of less than 115 million metric tons.
According to the council’s market bulletin, the coming year’s uptake of wheat for feeds will be boosted by large global avail-abilities of low- or medium-grade grain and attractive prices
relative to other ingredients, including maize. It also notes that expanding animal feed requirements in key Asian markets such as Indonesia and Thailand seem set to increase soybean imports by 8 percent.
In its five-year projections, the council’s secretariat suggests that grain usage in glo-bal feeds up to 2016/17 will rise at a slightly faster pace than in recent years as popula-tion growth, rising per-capita incomes and changing dietary preferences add to meat consumption in parts of Asia, Latin America and Africa. Feed maize consumption on a world basis is predicted to grow by about 2 percent per year, but a tight outlook for corn supply and demand should also see further increases in the global use of lower-priced feed wheat over the forecast period.
Grain forecasts point to increased feed output
Crop year Million metric tons
2008/09 750.3
2009/10 753.5
2010/11 745.6
2011/12 767.6
2012/13 792.4
2013/14 807.4
2014/15 820.1
2015/16 833.3Source: International Grains Council reports
FIGURE 4: Trend in world use of grains in feeds.
World use of grains in animal feed is ex-pected to increase to 833.3 million metric tons by crop year 2015/16.
Peter Best is a contributing editor to Feed International. He is based in the UK.
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The Alifel feed plant produced its first com-mercial ton on January 25, 2002, and was conceived and built during what the French used to call “the second BSE (Bovine spong-iform encephalopathy) crisis.” In general, the early 2000s was an overwhelming period for food security and bans – the big “food fears” period. It was really a “no” period – no raw material from animals, no Salmonella and no antibiotics as feed additives.
In many ways this was the perfect time to open a new, secure feed plant. Situated two hours west of Paris by car at Loué (the native village of the “Label Rouge Loué chicken”), the plant is now 10 years old.
Pre-construction events Feed security had been on the minds
of local producers well ahead of Alifel’s construction. In 1996, the first boat carry-ing genetically modified organisms arrived in Europe. The reaction from area produc-ers was to refuse any GMOs. “We’re not feed producers, but poultry producers who want to be sure about production factors, and feed is one of the main fac-tors in cost or meat quality,” explained Yves de la Fouchardière, director of Cafel, the Loué farmers co-op that owns Alifel. “There had to be a break in 1996; public suspicion was growing as feed suddenly appeared as the black sheep of the ani-mal production chain family.”
As a result, farmers in the area decided not to improve the existing feed supply chain, but to do the opposite: they de-signed their own feed production system. This way, the entire chain would support the feed production cost.
Secure from the outset Alifel was conceived as secure from
the beginning, with Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point concepts applied to even early drawings of the plant. For exam-ple, the hygienic condition of every load is analyzed before entering the plant to avoid
Feed safety by Yanne Boloh
Producing secure feed in 2012 and beyondFounded in the midst of the mad cow disease crisis that shook Europe in the early part of the 21st century, a decade later Alifel Feed shows there is still value in maintaining secure production.
Alifel is divided into two parts with a concrete wall to avoid cross contamination between additives and raw materials. Dosage (above) takes place in the “first half” of the plant.
For mashed feed, heat treatment is delivered by thermic mixing in the “second half” of the plant.
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any Salmonella from entering the facility.The facility was designed to avoid cross
contamination between additives and raw materials, as well as bacterial contamina-tion. For this reason the plant is literally separated into two parts by a giant concrete wall. The first “half” of the plant is dedicated to raw material. This includes reception to main mixing – stocking, conveying, milling (for those that need it), dosage of micro and macro ingredients, and oil production (when rapeseed is cheap enough, the plant trans-forms its own grains).
The second part of the plant is the “heat treatment” zone. It can produce ei-ther mash feed, or pellets and crumb feed.
For the pellets or crumb feed, the heating process is completed by the pellet mill. After that comes cooling, crumbling, sieving and coating (if needed), and for mashed feed, heat treatment is delivered by thermic mixing followed by drying and cooling. Then, any heat-sensitive ingredients are added at the final mixing. The plant has a total of seven thermal treatment lines. One line is fully dedi-cated to breeders feed; a number of lorries are also dedicated to breeders feed.
All final products go to the bulk station and are loaded in disinfected lorries to avoid any bacterial recontamination at the delivery stage.
Retention areas avoided To increase security, each piece of ma-
chinery in the plant was designed to avoid retention areas. This can be clearly seen at the bottom of elevators. The engineer who designed the plant, J.P. Domain, had a degree in aeronautics and was very con-cerned about air management for hygiene
reasons. Filtration appears larger than needed, but no dust can be seen inside.
Logistics are organized through Axiodis software (Optilogistic) that gives the plant production orders regarding what is needed at the farms. This includes specifications for lorries, as all trucks can’t enter all the farms.
Farmers are encouraged to order in a
specific way – 95 percent of the orders are given 48 hours in advance, mainly via the Internet. Tonnage is verified based on the number of animals and their stage permit to avoid any feed returns. Some feeds are produced only on certain days of the week. For example, first day feeds are only produced on Mondays, and duck feed
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AdditionAl stoRies you mAy find of inteRest: Tecaliman: working to stop cross-contamination in animal feed, www.WATTAgNet.com/146864.html
Benefiq, feed producer Proconco work to create safe pig production in Vietnam, www.WATTAgNet.com/146904.html
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is only produced on Tuesdays. Since the brand is connected by specification with a territory, the farmers are located within a radius of 50 km of the plant.
Purchasing strategy “As we are dedicated to poultry
feed, we buy fewer raw materials than other French feed plants which produce a greatest number of feeds,” says Karine Beauchène, Alifel’s buyer.
Nevertheless, Beauchène has to supply raw materials for about 180 feeds as the French market is very segmented regard-ing poultry products.
Since the specification of Loué products (fully vegetal and mineral) is written on the labeling, it has become part of the brand identity. In France, labels stating “no GMO in feed” have only recently become required. “We made the decision to avoid GMOs quite early,” says de la Fouchardière. “To be sure of our suppliers, we’ve been part of a secure supply chain regarding contaminations with Brazilian suppliers and other French feed producers (Imcopa, Solteam, Agrifeed and Cargill). We also signed contracts for cereals
to fix the price of part of our needs as early as 2003. That was before the big raw mate-rial crises and increased volatility,” he adds. Now, nearly 80 percent of wheat and corn are secure through contracts, and nearly all cereals come from less than 100 km around the plant.
Cost effectiveness “We designed the plant to secure the
feed quality, but we also wanted to control costs through our raw material purchasing and plant operations,” says Hervé Sohier, production director. “For example, thermal treatment is energy consuming, so we look very closely at boiler consumption (6t/h) and no load-running engines. Double lines give maintenance prevention the opportunity to avoid productions stops. We also think
about spare part management to avoid money trapped in storage. Optimization through organization begins with reception days – for example, we dedicate Monday to wheat and Tuesday to corn reception; as a result we can dedicate our reception pits to avoid contamination. We also choose weight and not volume control to be more precise, even if it is more costly.
“We’re not a profit center but a cost center, so our job is really to cut all costs but without forgetting that prevention is always better; that investment reveals its value day after day.”
Secure feed
According to Hervé Sohier, production director, there is an emphasis at Alifel on control-ling costs through raw material purchasing and efficient plant operations.
Yanne Boloh is a contributing editor to Feed International. She is based in France.
ProCeSS maP To see a visual schematic of the workflow at Alifel, go to www.WATTAgNet.com/148594.html
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For many people connected with the Thai livestock industry, Charoen Pokphand Foods (CP group) and BetaGro are considered the key players. They have substantial market share in Thailand, plus both companies are expanding abroad.
However, Thai Foods Group has found another way to build profits. “The Thai Foods Group has a different strategy,” said Dr. Chaisaks Boonprasopthanachote, CEO of Thai Foods. “We, as a company, deliberately focus on the home market.”
Clearly, Thai Foods’ strategy is working. Since 2007, the com-pany has seen a 100 percent increase in sales.
Contract producers For any feed company, having contract producers is a logical
move as this guarantees feed tonnage. Thai Foods has contract pig farms with around 350 sows, and these farms are supplied with breeding gilts from the company’s own breed pyramid, which has 400 GGP females, with Duroc and Yorkshire genes being imported from Denmark.
The pig group is averaging 23 pigs per sow per year, with weaning taking place at 24 days. Contract growers provide 1 mil-lion broilers a week for slaughter, with much of the chicken being exported as frozen product to China. Thai Foods also has contract layer farms as well. Thai Foods operates uniquely in Thailand, in that the company will act as guarantor for loans that contract producers wish to obtain from the banks, thereby making it much easier for these producers to get credit.
Key location A distinct advantage for Thai Foods is its location. The com-
pany’s feed mill is strategically located in the Bangkok suburbs, which is in the middle of important corn-producing areas of central Thailand. The central location significantly cuts transportation costs, which are increasingly important as fuel prices rise.
Thai Foods’ plant is notable as it features two large towers that house the milling equipment. The two towers are species specific, with one tower producing 30,000 tons of pig feed per month and the other producing 45,000 tons of poultry diets monthly. Most of the poultry feed is fed locally, but Thai Foods does export 1,000 metric tons of broiler feed to Cambodia each month.
The logic behind having species-specific lines is that contami-nation is more easily avoided. If just one line had been built, Thai Foods would be concerned about traces of antibiotics in the pig feed contaminating the poultry diets. This can be a serious issue, as evidenced by a problem that occurred in the UK some years back. In that case, a large feed compounder was making multi-species feeds through one line, including race horse feeds. Naturally, great care was taken to clean the equipment between species feed runs.
Nonetheless, a race horse owner who was using the com-pany’s feed was very upset and embarrassed when one of his top horses tested positive for a prohibited substance. As it turned out, the horse’s feed contained a substance that was banned for race horses, but was quite legal in other animal feed diets. Obviously the cleaning operation had not been 100 percent effective and the horse feed had become contaminated.
Wide ingredient range Thai Foods uses a wide range of ingredients. Corn is the main
energy source and the plant can store 24,000 metric tons in eight silos, each of which can hold 3,000 metric tons. Soybean meal is Argentinean, while dried distillers grains with solubles comes from
Markets by Stuart Lumb
Focusing on the local feed market in ThailandThai Foods Group is finding success not by competing with the country’s big players that are expanding internationally, but by taking a different route entirely – concentrating on winning market share solely in Thailand.
Thai Foods produces 30,000 metric tons of pig feed a month and approximately 45,000 metric tons of poultry feed.
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the USA. DDGS used to be included at 8 percent, but this has dropped to 4 percent to 5 percent because of mycotoxin contami-nation problems. Cassava is used in the sow and finisher feeds. Ironically, pig meat and bone meal, banned from UK animal feeds, are used, but only in the poultry feeds.
Rice bran oil is a useful energy source, while hulls from the rice bran are used as fuel for the plant’s boilers. Vitamins and trace min-erals are imported singly from Degussa (Germany) and later blended together. Full-fat soya and hydrolyzed soya are used as protein
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A distinct advantage for Thai Foods is its location. The company’s feed mill is strategically located in the middle of important corn-producing areas of central Thailand.
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sources in the piglet creep feeds, providing that the trypsin levels are 2 percent or lower. Whey powder is also a creep ingredient. Zinc oxide is included post-weaning for two weeks at 3000 ppm, and cop-per sulphate is used as a growth promoter in pig finisher diets.
Mill machinery The mill machinery was sourced from Triumph, the well-known
Thai feed equipment company. Each mix contains four tons of in-gredients and mixing time is three minutes, 25 seconds per batch, with more than 95 percent of the feed being produced as 3.5-mm pellets. A palatability index is recorded for each batch and if there are any problems, future batches can be adjusted accordingly.
One feature of the plant is that it can produce extruded product, and Triumph has used the plant to develop and test a new extruder. Corn and full-fat soya are often put through an extruder to increase the feed value, but this has required a separate extruder for each ingredient. Triumph has developed an extruder that can handle both corn and full-fat soya, and this equipment has been undergoing proving trials. Three hundred tons of soya have successfully been put through the extruder and corn has been processed under test conditions. Naturally, having just one extruder cuts costs so that the cost of including extruded product adds just 0.7 baht (US$.02) to the price of 1 kg of feed.
Thailand
Stuart Lumb is a UK-based freelance writer. He can be con-tacted at: [email protected]
RelaTed sToRies:Securing fish, pig supply chains to increase market share in Vietnam, www.WATTAgNet.com/26718.html
Asian pig producers focus on welfare, health improvements, www.WATTAgNet.com/147217.html
The mill machinery at Thai Foods was sourced from Triumph, the well-known Thai feed equipment company.
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Energy is the most expensive “nutrient” in every animal diet. In fact, the major source of energy, starch, makes up about 50 per-cent of most diets for monogastrics (pigs and poultry). But, energy is also derived from lipids and non-starch carbohydrates, such as non-starch polysaccharides (after suitable enzyme supplementation).
Increasing the utilization of energy from cereals and protein sources, such as soybean meal, sunfl ower meal and peas, which also contain substantial amounts of energy-yielding carbohydrates, can only result in improved feed effi ciency, reduced feed cost, less environmental impact and of course, higher profi tability.
Carbohydrates Carbohydrates is the collective name for
starch, sugars and “fi ber” polysaccharides. Carbohydrates can be classifi ed into two categories: storage carbohydrates and struc-tural carbohydrates. Storage carbohydrates include starch and simple sugars, such as fructose and saccharose. These carbohy-drates, along with lipids in the embryonic part of seeds, are the main energy sources for the new plants that will be emerging from cereal seeds (if they were to be planted).
Structural carbohydrates, on the other hand, including the well-known non-starch polysaccharides, are responsible for cel-lular form and structure, and are located mostly in the outer cellular membrane. Structural carbohydrates, commonly referred to as “fi ber,” are hardly digested by monogastric animals due to lack of suitable endogenous enzymes. Thus, the majority of structural carbohydrates are fer-mented in the hind gut, where they may re-lease limited useful energy levels (covering less than 5 percent of daily needs for the animal), in the form of volatile fatty acids.
Carbohydrases Carbohydrases are specifi c commercial
enzyme preparations that attack carbo-hydrates releasing energy that would be otherwise lost for the animal. They work mainly by opening the cell wall structure of intact plant cells, releasing thus not only energy (starch), but also other nutrients, such as protein, minerals and lipids. In ad-
dition, plant cell wall fractions increase in-testinal viscosity that leads to reduced nu-trient absorption, accelerated proliferation of pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, and other problems, such as sticky drop-pings and dirty eggs. Today, the majority of commercial carbohydrases are for use against structural carbohydrates, although carbohydrases for starch (amylases) are becoming increasingly popular.
CerealsIn cereals, up to 80 percent of the dry
matter is starch. For pigs and poultry, starch digestibility is rather high, rang-ing from 92 percent to 95 percent, and a fraction lower for very young animals. Nevertheless, given the extremely high concentration of starch in cereals, even the slightest improvement in digestibility will have a signifi cant impact on energy utilization. Thus, the use of carbohydrases in animal feed has a clear fi nancial interest, especially when cereal prices are high.
Starch is made up of glucose mole-cules linked together to form either a linear (amylose) or branched (amylopectin) poly-mer. Although monogastric animals pro-duce enough endogenous amylase, sup-plementation with an exogenous amylase – that degrades amylase and amylopectin – has been shown to marginally improve starch digestibility, especially in young ani-mals. However, results remain ambiguous because the use of amylase is affected not
only by animal age and cereal type, but also by the degree of cereal grinding and other feed processing treatments.
The cell wall of cereals, made of struc-tural carbohydrates, is composed mostly of arabinoxylans and beta-glucans. The exact chemical structure of arabinoxylans and beta-glucans varies among the differ-ent cereal types and their varieties, and it is also infl uenced by the local growing condi-
Nutrition by Ioannis Mavromichalis, Ph.D.
Using carbohydrases in pig and poultry feed to reduce feed cost
The use of carbohydrases in animal feed has a clear fi nancial benefi t, especially when cereal prices are high.
Not all cereals are the same, so they respond differently to enzyme supplementation.
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tions (soil, weather and irrigation). As such, the chemical structure and concentration of non-starch polysaccharides is highly variable from season to season and even from batch to batch. In addition, many complex factors influence the number of intact cells remaining in the feed after processing. Feed grinding, conditioning, pelleting and extrusion all enhance cell wall rupture, while chewing (pigs) or gizzard grinding (poultry) further increase cell wall rupture. Still, many cells frequently remain intact upon reaching the small intestine, and thus, fail to release important nutrients like protein, starch, minerals and lipids.
Exogenous enzymes To enhance the “opening” of cells
within the gastrointestinal tract, exogenous enzymes are required to be added in the feed. For cereals, these enzymes include xylanases and beta-glucanases, which have been shown to improve energy utili-zation and also reduce digesta viscosity, especially when the levels of non-starch polysaccharides are particularly elevated (Figure 1). This last aspect is frequently the source of considerable confusion in the interpretation of many scientific trials, as in most cases the exact levels (or quality) of non-starch polysaccharides in cereals is not measured.
A diet based solely on maize contains very few anti-nutritional factors, as maize contains only 2.5 percent cellulose and 5 percent arabinoxylans. That is why en-zymes are not very popular in all-maize diets (except in certain cases for very young animals). In contrast, a diet based entirely or heavily on barley is extremely rich in non-starch polysaccharides, as it contains 5 percent cellulose, 7 percent arabinoxylans
and 5 percent beta-glucans. Wheat, being somewhere in between maize and barley, with 2.5 percent cellulose, 6 percent arab-inoxylans and only 1 percent beta-glucans, can also benefit from enzyme supplementa-tion. Of course, triticale and rye, with the highest levels of non-starch polysaccha-rides among cereals, almost always benefit from enzyme supplementation.
Protein sources Although the major nutrient in most
protein sources is, of course, the protein, they also contain substantial amounts of carbohydrates, including starch, but mostly structural carbohydrates. Most protein sources have their origin in legume plants. In legume seeds, the cell wall structure is quite different compared to the cell wall structure of cereals. Here, xyloglucans and
pectins make the major cell wall fiber net-work – and, this structure is more complex and complicated to rupture. Today, there is a limited range of suitable commercial enzymes capable of degrading xyloglu-cans and pectins. Results are promising, again depending on the level of non-starch polysaccharides, whereas combination with other energy-releasing enzymes ap-pears to offer the most benefit. Clearly, there is a dearth of evidence and knowl-edge on how to release more energy from carbohydrates in legumes, and this topic deserves more attention from the scientific community.
Ioannis Mavromichalis, Ph.D., is International Consulting Nutritionist, Ariston Nutrition SL.
The effect of exogenous enzymes on pig growthincreases as cereal quality decreases (Cadogan et al., 2000).
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ght
gai
n (g
/day
)
Wheat quality
EnzymeControl
820
840
860
880
900
920
940
960
980
LowMediumHigh
FIGURE 1: The effects of exogenous enzymes on pig growth (Cadogan et al., 2000)
Not all cereals are the same, so they respond differently to enzyme supplementation.
The effect of exogenous enzymes on pig growth increases as cereal quality decreases.
Ileal digestibility (%) of protein and degradation (%) of non-starch polysaccharide
NutrientPiglets Pigs
Control with Xylanase Control with Xylanase
Protein 61 65 81 83
Non-starch polysaccharides 6 17 24 42
Arabinoxylans 8 21 27 48(Data courtesy DSM Nutritional Products.)
FIGURE 2: Ileal digestibility (%) of protein and degradation (%) of non-starch polysaccharides
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24 |
WATTAgNet.com | March/April 2012
The days are gone where formulating pig di-ets was a simple calculation exercise in least cost diet formulation. The future requires cre-ativity in feed formulation as well as a much deeper understanding of how nutrients are processed and how they interact within the animal in order to stay ahead of the game in profi table pig production. The ability to look at how we feed pigs with a fresh pair of eyes can bring true innovation to the feed industry.
Embracing change A lot of research has been done to de-
termine nutrient requirements of pigs for dif-ferent production stages and different gen-otypes to optimize growth and reproductive performance. However, while still important, modern pig nutrition is no longer just a simple function of the nutrient requirements of the pig. Regulatory bans or restrictions in the use of antibiotics in feed, compliance with environmental regulations and increas-ing volatility in prices of major raw materials for animal feed are making us realize that in order to make a profi t in pig production, we need to know a lot more than just the nutri-ent requirements of the pig.
Feed accounts for almost 60 percent of pig production costs, so profi tability is going to depend on how effi ciently the pig uses the diet to meet production targets. The en-forced removal of antibiotic growth promot-ers from pig diets challenges us to confront the fact that effi ciency in diet utilization and good performance very much depends on the effect that the composition of the diet has on gut microfl ora balance, immunology and health status of the pig. We now under-stand that not only can we infl uence nutrient input through the specifi cation of the diet, we can also infl uence how well the nutrients are utilized by the pig to achieve the desired productive performance.
Vuja dé Dawna Markova, author of “The Open
Mind,” says, “...The more new things we try — the more we step outside of our com-fort zone — the more inherently creative we become...”
Perhaps feed formulators should mix with graphic designers and come up with ideas on how to express with images what they are trying to achieve. This would exercise the right side of the brain and initi-ate thinking more along the lines of feed design than feed formulation.
We all know déjà vu — looking at an un-familiar situation and feeling that we’ve been there before. But what’s valuable to innova-tion is vuja dé. This term was coined by the comedian George Carlin. Vuja dé means looking at a familiar situation with fresh eyes,
as if you’ve never seen it before, which can help you develop fresh insights and move forward on a different path. How can this be applied to the animal feed industry?
Managing risk A fresh pair of eyes could see feed
formulation as a form of risk management in the face of increasing volatility of raw materials prices. The more fl exible you become in the types of ingredients you can use in feed formulations without risking pig performance, the better your capability to manage the risk of price volatility, which can have a signifi cant impact on profi tabil-ity. This might inspire you to look at other industries and their risk management strat-egies to counter price volatility. How does your perspective of the value of a feed additive change if you can see that they enhance your risk management capability?
Analysis by Gwendolyn Jones
Using innovation to formulate profi table pig dietsIn a world of price volatility, it will take creativity and a fresh pair of eyes to be successful in pig production. So how exactly does one go about doing that?
5 ways to boost your creative thinkingThere are a number of simple things one can do to kick-start the creative thinking process:1. Study another industry.2. Take a class.3. Write a poem or draw a picture.4. Apply feng shui in your of� ce.5. Work backwards.
Innovation: “The only real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes but in having new eyes.”
— Marcel Proust
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March/April 2012 | WATTAgNet.com
| 25
Managing outputs Complying with environmental regula-
tions can increase the cost of manure disposal, particularly in areas with high pig densities. In the Netherlands, the disposal of manure currently represents 5 per-cent of pig production costs (University of Wageningen 2011). These costs amount to 23 Euro cents per kg of slaughter weight and are set to increase further between now and 2013. There are many factors that can infl uence the negative environmental impact associated with pig production, but the pig’s diet has the greatest impact.
So what happens if we change our perspective on feed formulation and see that what we are actually doing is managing the composition of manure? How does it change the way we formulate feed and value individual ingredients in the face of increasing environmental regulations and the challenge of foaming manure pits? In terms of contrib-uting to overall profi tability, should we put a higher value on feed additives that not only help to reduce the cost of the feed formula-tion but at the same time reduce the cost and increase the safety of manure disposal?
Managing optimal health Taking more sustainable action in the way
we feed pigs includes fi nding more effective and safer solutions to manage gut health for more effi cient nutrient utilization and healthy pigs. In the past, antimicrobial growth promoters contributed to the prevention of gastrointestinal bacterial infections caused by various stress factors. Experience has told us that because the use of antibiotic growth promoters is thought to cause antimicrobial resistance, it is not a sustainable option in the long run. Antimicrobial resistance is a con-cern to consumer safety, and the effective-ness of antibiotic growth promoters could be reduced over time.
Looking at feed not just as a source of nutrients to the pig, but also to the micro-bial populations in the gut, enables us to modify diets to gain much greater control over the composition of the gut microfl ora and support the animal’s natural defense mechanisms to stress factors more fl exibly and effi ciently than antibiotic growth pro-moters ever could. Learning how to profi le and monitor different gut bacteria, gaining a greater understanding of the optimal growth conditions of these bacteria and how they interact with gut integrity, immunology and colonization resistance all contribute to fur-ther innovation in formulating pig diets with greater returns and promoting optimal animal health. Companies with the relevant research capabilities stand to gain the most in terms of the understanding required for real advance-ment in feed science and innovation.
Positive outlook for 2012 Formulating pig diets for profi t will
remain a challenge and requires strong in-novative capabilities. Positive thinking and a fresh pair of eyes is the key to the door of creativity and innovation. If you have not committed to a new year’s resolution yet, why not make a point of visiting a company of a friend in a different industry and learn about how they do things? Another idea is to invite a friend working in a company in a different industry for a company tour and ask them what they see. Invite a supplier whose scientifi c and innovative capabilities you admire to be a partner in your innova-tion process. They can look at what you do with a fresh pair of eyes and very possibly help boost your innovation and capability to fi nd solutions for feeding pigs.
Gwendolyn Jones is Technical Servic-es Manager, Danisco Animal Nutrition
RELATED STORIES: Managing pig production costs key to profi tability, www.WATTAgNet.com/147227.html
European pig farmers use slurry to cut heating costs, www.WATTAgNet.com/147218.html
Making a profi t on pigs is a challenge in an increasingly volatile environment.
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Flexicon Corp. Block-Buster Bulk Bag ConditionerFlexicon Corp.’s Block-Buster Bulk Bag Conditioner fea-tures two hydraulic rams and specially contoured end plates. The system controller
and hydraulic pump can be mounted on the exterior of the safety cage or remotely. The conditioner is fully enclosed on all four sides and includes full-height doors.
www.flexicon.com
Nissan Forklift Corp. APX Series pallet trucksAPX Series pallet trucks are rated at 4,000 pounds
capacity, according to Nissan Forklift Corp. The design features a short truck length and narrow width, which the company says makes it easy to maneuver in small warehouses or tight settings. Features of the APX Series trucks include an offset tiller arm, chassis with steel skirt, brushless AC drive motor and onboard diagnostics system.
www.nissanforklift.com
William W. Meyer & Sons Inc. DDV Dust Duty Valve The DDV Dust Duty Valve comes with a cast housing designed for greater capac-ity in applications where a quality air seal is necessary in
light duty, non-abrasive ap-plications, William W. Meyer & Sons Inc. says. The DDV valve is designed for under Baghouse, Cyclone and dust collectors with a maximum pressure differential of 60’-inch wc and a maximum temperature of 300 F. The DDV is available in cast iron or stainless construction with square or round flanges, in sizes from 6 to 14 inches.
www.rotaryvalve.com
Product news26 |
WATTAgNet.com | March/April 2012
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| 27
March/April 2012 | WATTAgNet.com
CPM pellet mill enhancementCPM says its pellet mill en-hancement allows animal feed manufacturers to produce higher quality pellets at a low-er cost. The enhancement al-lows the lineator remote roller adjustment to be coupled with roll speed measurement for monitoring speed of the rolls and roll-slip management.
www.cpm.net
Sioux Automation Center 5300 series spreaderSioux Automation Center 5300 series spreader is de-signed to be more tolerant for managing foreign objects while protecting driveline, un-dercarriage and apron chain. The company says this ma-chine allows for easier lubri-cating and improved strength by having grease banks and remote zerks along with a bet-ter hitch design and a high ca-pacity pintle hitch with safety chains. The box interior is 3/4-inch plastic with stainless steel retainers.www.siouxautomation.com
Charm Sciences Inc. ROSA FAST5 DON quantitative test kitCharm Sciences Inc. says the ROSA FAST5 DON quantita-tive test kit is a five-minute lat-eral flow test approved by the United States Department of Agriculture’s Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration for the detection of DON (vomitoxin) in grain. GIPSA-approved commodities include: barley, corn, DDGS, malted barley, milled rice, oats,
rough rice, sorghum, wheat, wheat bran, wheat flour and wheat midds. According to the company, reader ranges for DON are 0 to 1.5 ppm and 1 to 6 ppm, and kits are available in 20, 100 and 500 tests.
www.charm.com
ACS Valves MD series rotary feeder valvesACS Valves’ MD Series of rotary feeder valves are mate-rial metering valves. The MD Series of rotary feeders is con-structed with an 8-vane rotary valve and an outboard bearing design for high-temperature applications up to 750 F. The MD Series rotary feeders are available in cast iron, or cast 304 or 316 stainless steel, in seven valve sizes from 4-inch to 16-inch. Rotor configura-tions include: closed-end, me-tering, shallow-pocket, Teflon-coated, and adjustable-tip.
www.acsvalves.com
Novus International Inc. ALIMET feed supplementNovus International Inc. ALIMET feed supplement is a methionine supplementation for the dairy industry. ALIMET not only supplies the rumen-bypass methionine that cows need, but aids rumen efficiency as well. Doubling the benefits of traditional methionine sup-plementation delivers greater milk production and increased milk-fat and protein yield.
www.novusint.com
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28 |
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WATTAgNet.com | March/April 2012
• Bio-Enzymes, Yeast-cellwall & Cultures• Garlic Extract Oil for Eggs of less cholesterol & more Omega 3• Nano-Vit. A, D3, E, C: Keep potency in the water• Nano-Selenium+Vit. E: Poultry & Dairy cow• Bio-Elements for Quality Red Pork-less drip loss• Bio-Mycotoxin Binder• Bio-Vmix: Anti-heat stress of animals
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