workshop on informal employment and informal sector data collection: strategy, tools and advocacy
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Workshop on Informal Employment and Informal Sector Data Collection: Strategy, Tools and Advocacy Amman, 13-15 April 2008 Phase1 of the 1-2 survey: Concepts and objectives Sébastien Merceron (DIAL - Insee) [email protected]. Contents. Introduction: the non-observed economy - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Workshop on Informal Employment and Informal Sector Data Collection: Strategy, Tools and Advocacy
Amman, 13-15 April 2008
Phase1 of the 1-2 survey:Concepts and objectives
Sébastien Merceron (DIAL - Insee)Sébastien Merceron (DIAL - Insee)
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Contents Contents
1. Introduction: the non-observed economy2. The 1-2 Survey3. Concepts developed in Phase1:
1. Informal sector2. Informal employment
4. Main objectives of Phase1:1. Measure informal employment2. Measure informal sector size3. Filter individuals for the Phase2
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1. The non-observed economy1. The non-observed economy
• Gaps in national accounts while trying to reconcile data on output, income and expenditure (balance between uses and resources)
• Significant underestimation of the GDP
• Low labor participation rates, especially for women
→ Raise awareness that something is missing in national indicators and official records (GDP, employment, …) : The “Black Box” of statistics
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1. The 1. The non-observed non-observed economyeconomyThe Non-Observed Economy has been defined in the OECD handbook as: 1) illegal production2) underground production, 3) informal sector production,4) household production for own final use
------------------------------------Informal economy= informal sector +
informal employment outside the informal sector
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2. The 2. The 1-2 Survey : 1-2 Survey : a mixed surveya mixed survey
Data is collected in two phases:
• First phase: Labour Force Survey– Collect data on employment, adding questions on
informal employment– Integrate questions in LFS to identify Household
Unincorporated Enterprises for Market (HUEM)
• Second phase; HUEM Survey– Use first phase data to construct sampling frame for
HUEMs– Collect data on HUEM
Identification of ‘informal sector’ enterprise is done in the data analysis stage
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2. The 2. The 1-2 Survey : 1-2 Survey : The schemeThe scheme
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3. Concepts developped in Phase1: 3. Concepts developped in Phase1: a) The Informal sectora) The Informal sector • Informal units typically operate at a low level of
organisation, with little or no division between labour and capital as factors of production and on a small scale. Expenditure for production is often indistinguishable from household expenditure.
• Activities are not necessarily performed with the deliberate intention of evading the payment of taxes or social security contributions, or infringing labour or other legislations or administrative provisions.
• Labour relations are based mostly on casual employment, kinship or personal and social relations rather than contractual arrangements with formal guarantees.
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Informal sector : business-based Informal sector : business-based definitiondefinition• the informal sector is a sub-sector of the
household institutional sector in the system of national accounts
• To be excluded: all incorporated enterprises, non-profit institutions serving households, government institutions.
• at least some production must be marketed, which excludes production of goods and services exclusively carried out for own final use
• Own-accounts workers / informal employers
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Definition of the HUEMDefinition of the HUEM= Household Unincorporated Enterprises for Market
A business is a HUEM if: • Private sector (≠public bodies, association…)
• Owned by individuals/households (≠company)
• No formal written accounts (≠ separation between private life and business)
• Enterprises with at least some market output (≠ own final consumption)
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Informal sector = part of a HUEMsInformal sector = part of a HUEMsAdditional criteria:Additional criteria:
• Size < threshold (in terms of number of jobs or number of paid employees),
• Not registered
• No specific business name• No separate business bank account • Without professional premises• …
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3. Concepts developped in Phase1: 3. Concepts developped in Phase1: a) The Informal employmenta) The Informal employment
• The word “informal” has also been a source of misunderstanding and confusion.
• The 17th ICLS (ILO, 2003) defined informal employment as a broader concept, which include “informal” employees working for formal or informal economic units without being registered or declared by their employers.
• While Informal sector refers to the informal link between the State and the business owner.
• Informal employement refers to the informal link between employer and employee. → Job precariousness / risks / quality / work conditions
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Informal employment : criteriaInformal employment : criteria• While the concept of informal sector refers to production
units as observation units, the concept of informal employment refers to jobs as observation units
• Jobs rather than employed persons.
CRITERIA :• no written contract • no pay slip • no legal or social protection• outworkers (home-based workers, streets workers)• casual/temporary job• absence of labour union…
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4. Objectives of the Phase1:4. Objectives of the Phase1: a)a) Identify jobs in the informal sector Identify jobs in the informal sector
(institutional sectors)(institutional sectors)
b)b) Measure informal employmentMeasure informal employment
c)c) Identify heads of HUEMs: Identify heads of HUEMs: → see next presentation
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a)a) Questions to identify jobs in Questions to identify jobs in informal sector (institutional informal sector (institutional sectors)sectors)
Questions for both main and (eventual) secondary activity, for workers aged 15 years or above.
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For self employed workers only REGISTRATION TYPE OF OWNERSHIP
BANK ACCOUNT
ACCOUNTS
Is the enterprise in which you work registered in any national/state or local agency?
What is the type of ownership at the enterprise where you work? 1. Government (central/local) 2. Statutory body Privately owned 3. A corporate business, company ((un)limited) 4. A Cooperative 5. Business owned by a person, family or group 6. Other non-governmental private organization
As owner of the enterprise, are you able to take out a bank loan in the name of the business? 1.Yes 2. No
What kind of accounts do you keep for this activity? 1. Complete set of written accounts 2. Simplified written accounts 3. Only through informal records of orders, sales, purchases 4. No records are kept.
Tax administration? 1. Yes 2. No 3. In process of being registered 4. Don't know
National Insurance Corporation? 1. Yes 2. No 3. In process of being registered 4. Don't know
Other: ……….? 1. Yes 2. No 3. In process of being registered 4. Don't know
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SIZE WAGE EARNERS
PREMISES
How many persons (including yourself) usually work in the business where you work? 1. only one 2. 2-5 3. 6-9 4. 10- 49 5. 50 or more
How many of them are paid employees? Number:___ OR 1. 4 or less. 2. 5 or more.
Where do you mainly undertake your work? 1.Fixed professional premises 2. Home/client home 3. Outdoor fixed place. 4. Mobile. OR same items as in PHASE2
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b)b) Questions to measure informal Questions to measure informal employment employment
Questions for both main and (eventual) secondary activity, for workers aged 15 years or above.
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Module For EMPLOYEES onlyModule For EMPLOYEES only
Short version Extensive version TYPE OF CONTRACT
WRITTEN CONTRACT
LIMITED DURATION
DURATION- current
DURATION- all
What kind of contract do you have for each of these jobs? 1. A written contract for long-term employment. 2. A written contract for short-term employment. 3. Only verbal agreement. 4. No contract.
Are you employed on the basis of a written contract? 1. Yes, Written contract 2. No, Verbal agreement
Is your/...... current contract or agreement of a limited duration? 1. Yes 2 No, permanent or without time limit If (2) Go to 27F
What is the duration of your current contract or agreement? 1. Daily contracts/agreements 2. Less than 1 month 3. 1 to <3 months 4. 3 to <6 months 5. 6 to <12 month 6. 12 to <24 months 7. More than 24 months 8. Don't know/Not stated
How long have you been employed by your current employer based on fixed term contracts? 1. Less than 6 months 2. 6 months less a year 3. 1 year less 2 years 4. 2 years less 3 years 5. 3 years or longer 6. Don't know/Not stated
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Module For EMPLOYEES onlyModule For EMPLOYEES only
CASUAL/ PERMANENT
JOB TURNOVER
PAY SLIP
PAID LEAVES
SOCIAL PROTECTION (short version)
Is it a permanent or temporary/casual job? 1. Permanent job 2. Temporary / seasonal / casual job.
How long ago did you start working in this job? 1. Less than 6 months 2. 6 months but less than 1 year 3. 1 year but less than 5 years 4. 5 years but less than 10 years 5. Ten years or more
Do you get a pay slip for each of these jobs? 1.Yes 2.No
Do you benefit from paid annual leave or from compensation instead of it? 1. Yes 2. No
In case of incapacity to work due to health reasons (sickness, invalidity, maternity), would you benefit from paid leave? 1. Yes 2. No 3. Do not know
SOCIAL PROTECTION: Extensive version SOCIAL INSURANCE Does your employer deduct contributions for the National Insurance Fund? 1.Yes 2.Not Sure 3. No 4.Don't Know
SOCIAL INSURANCE Do you receive or are you entitled to employment related insurance benefits? 1. Yes, from the National Insurance Fund 2. Yes from an insurance other than NIF 3. No 4. I don't know
SICK LEAVE Would you benefit from paid sick leave in case of illness? 1. Yes 2. No 3. I don't know
WOMEN 15-49 If you wished to have a baby, would you benefit from a maternity leave with pay? 1. Yes, sure 2. Possibly 3. No 4. I don't know 5. It doesn't apply
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Additional questionsAdditional questions
JOB SATISFACTION INCOME TYPE OF REMUNERATION
BONUSES/ ALLOWANCES
All things considered, how are you satisfied with your job?
1. 2. Very unsatisfied, 3. Unsatisfied, 4. Moderate, 5. Satisfied, 6. Very satisfied
How much did you earn in this job in the last month?
1- Fixed monthly/weekly salary 2- Daily or per hour of work 3- Per job/task basis 4- Commission 5- Profit share 6- In kind payment 7- No payment
If you benefit from additional bonuses or allowances not included in your salary, how much do you earn from it? ______ (to be converted into a monthly value)
