Workshop OIKODOMOSBratislava, October 14th – 20th, 2009

Urban Effectiveness

Lubica Vitkova, Faculty of Architecture, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava

Main Goals

Dimensions of Urban Sustainability

Ecological-Environmental dimension

Economic Dimension

 

Socio-Cultural Dimension

City of short distances

City of minimized land use

City of bioclimatic comfort

City in balance with nature

City as selfsufficient organism

City as powerstation of renewable energies

City with closed water cycle

City with low emission transport

City with new balance of centralized and decentral infrastructure

City for strong local economy

City of qualified density

City of a cultural identity and social diversity

City built and managed by the inhabitants

City as network of urban quarters

City as the place of beauty and complexity

City with public space for everyday life

Urban structure Main Objectives

Urban structure

General

•Integration of urban quarters into the city and the surrounding region •Organise the city as network of urban quarters•Organise urban quarters as self-sufficient as possible• Attractive urban design with human scale

Density • Concentration of urban development at suitable sites for public transport (prevention of urban sprawl)• Balance of concentration and decentralisation• Minimize land consumption (compact city) • Qualified density in ecological, economic and social context

Mixed use • Balance of uses in quarters, city and region and location of all necessary facilities at suitable sites• Best accessibility to all facilities for all inhabitants

Landscape, Open space, Public space

• Balance of built-up area and nature• Integration of green and surfaces of water within the city• Provide sufficient and attractive public space for everyday life

Main Objectives

Environment Economy Social aspects

•Total settlement area• Sealed area (percentage)•Green area (percentage and distribution)•Transport area •Population density (inhabit. per ha)•Floor area ratio •Open space patterns for cold air corridors •Areas of habitats for various animals and plants (% of the city extent)•Soil movement from building activities•Construction waste from demolition

•Ratio between monofunction areas and areas of mixed use•Size and placement of the mixed use areas •Brownfields, disturbed areas and extensively used areas (% of city extent – negative criteria)•Decentralisation/concentration: size (population) of average city district (or: population per local sub-centre)•Investment costs •Running costs•Demolition costs

• Number of inhabitants per dwelling•Location of basic public services from dwelling•Optimal size of residential neighbourhoods •Accessibility of facilities for disabled and disadvantaged (incl. children)•Capacity of recreation facilities per inhabitant•Variety of comfortable places to sit and wait•Heights of buildings (centre/residential areas)•Ratio between public and private spaces•Number of working places•Flexibility of housing stock (to be adaptable for future generations)

Sector-specific detailed criteria system

Ecological aproach to the development of the whole city

Ecological aproach to the development of the whole city

Ukazovateľ - počet bytov (obyvateľov) na ha, ako ukazovateľ sledujúci celkovú hustotu zástavby jednotlivých mestských zón.

V rámci európskych krajín boli definované nasledovné kategórie hustoty mestských štruktúr vo väzbe na charakteristické mestské zóny (na územie brutto) [[1]] nasledovne:

·        Veľmi nízka hustota zástavby : menej ako 50 bytov/ha

Rozvojové územia nízkej hustoty s charakterom zástavby suburbií, lokalizované prevážne v periférnych polohách miest a s prevládajúcou funkciou bývania – viac ako 95 %

·        Nízka hustota zástavby: 50 – 100 bytov/ha

Mestské zóny nízkej hustoty. Pre uvedené zóny je charakteristická polyfunkčnosť – zmiešané funkčné využitie s aktivitami charakteristickými pre mestský spôsob života.

·        Stredná hustota zástavby: 100 - 200 bytov/ha

Mestské zóny strednej hustoty. Charakteristické pre stabilizované územia s voľnejšou blokovou zástavbou a dostatkom otvorených priestorov. Uvedená hustota je charakteristická i pre časť novej výstavby lokalizovanej do historických jadier.

·        Vysoká hustota zástavby: 200 – 300 bytov/ha

Mestské zóny vysokej hustoty. Ide o hustotu vhodnú (požadovanú) pre centrálne polohy miest, rovnako ako pre nové jadrá rozvíjajúce sa vo väzbe na dopravnú infraštruktúru.

[1] Mozas J.r, Per A., F.: Density, Vitoria-Gasteiz 2006, ISBN 74-611-1203-2

  MIXEDUSED urban fabric

  Housing structures

400-800inhabitans /ha

Floo area rato3-5

400inhabitans /ha

Floo area rato2

400inhabitans /ha

Floo area rato3-5

300-350inhabitans /ha

Floo area rato1,5

400-600inhabitans /ha

Floo area rato3-3,5

200-250inhabitans /ha

Floo area rato1,5

100inhabitans /ha

Floo area rato1 

400inhabitans /ha

Floo area rato1,5

 150-200inhabitans /ha

Floo area rato0,8

100-150inhabitans /ha

Floo area rato0,8

50inhabitans /ha

Floo area rato0,8

50 - 75inhabitans /ha

Floo area rato0,8

 

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION