LNG III Metrology WorkshopIntroduction and project overview

Menne Schakel (VSL) & Asaad Kenbar (NEL)

Aberdeen, 25 October 2018

Introduction

� LNGIII: Metrological Support for LNG and LBG as Transport Fuel

� This work is part of the European Metrology Programme for

Innovation and Research (EMPIR)

� EMPIR follows on from the successful European Metrology

Research Programme (EMRP) executed between 2010-2017

� EMPIR has been developed as an integrated part of Horizon 2020,

the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation

[Horizon 2020 is the biggest EU Research and Innovation

programme ever with nearly €80 billion of funding available over 7

years (2014 to 2020)

It promises more breakthroughs, discoveries and world-firsts by

taking great ideas from the lab to the market.]

Introduction

� EMPIR calls have an allocated total budget of €600M, with

€300M from the participating states and up to €300M from the

European Commission

� EMPIR calls will focus on EU's Grand Challenges in Health,

Energy, Environment and Industry, and to progress

fundamental measurement science

� LNG flow measurement and its traceability has been identified

as a challenge and priority area to address

Why LNG for Transportation?

� To address EU Clean Fuel

Strategy, LNG & LBG are

proposed as alternative fuels to

Diesel

� LNG as fuel meets the new limits

for sulphur content in marine fuels

� Also meets NOx emissions limits

for marine engines

� Engines running on LNG produce

far less noise than diesel-operated

engines

� Shipping

− Stricter emission regulations

− Clients of transport companies ask for cleaner transport

− Cost advantages LNG vs other fuels

− Worldwide nearly 100 vessels were LNG powered last yearand same amount will be built until 2022, more than 220 LNG vessel projects are being confirmed.

− In the Netherlands: 19% of the fleet to consider LNG as anoption until 2030

� Road Transport

− CO2 reduction 10-15% and more (80%) by using bio-LNG

− Reduction air pollution (NOx, SO2 and particulates)

− Reduction noise pollution

− 400 LNG trucks in the Netherlands, 20 fuelling locations (end 2016)

− Goal set for 2030: 25% of truck-trailer fleet being LNG fuelled.

− By comparison: ~300,000 LNG trucks in China

Why LNG for Transportation?

VSL – Beyond all doubt! 6

Duration of the project: June 1st 2017 – May 31st 2020

WP No Work Package Title Active Partners (WP leader in bold) Months

WP1Reduced uncertainty for dynamic flow

measurements

NEL, VSL, Cesame, CMI, JV, Reganosa, UCov,

Gas Natural

53.3

WP2Traceable small scale liquefier and density

measurementsVSL, INRIM, NEL, NPL, RUB

66.7

WP3 Smart sensor development and testingTNO, Cesame, PTB, VTT, Mestrelab, Reganosa,

TUBS, Gas Natural

28.9

WP4 Smart sensor validation and engine testsPTB, Cesame, VTT, Mestrelab, Reganosa, TNO,

TUBS, Gas Natural

52.0

WP5 Creating impact

JV, VSL, Cesame, CMI, INRIM, NEL, NPL, PTB,

VTT, Mestrelab, Reganosa, RUB, TNO, TUBS,

UCov, Gas Natural

22.9

WP6 Management and coordinationVSL, Cesame, CMI, INRIM, JV, NEL, NPL, PTB,

VTT, Mestrelab, Reganosa, RUB, TNO, TUBS,

UCov, Gas Natural

17.6

Total months 241.4

Outlook EMPIR 16ENG09 LNG III

VSL – Beyond all doubt! 7

Work package leaders

WP No Work Package Title Active Partners (WP leader in bold)

WP1 Reduced uncertainty for dynamic flow measurements NEL, Asaad Kenbar, akenbar@tuvnel.com

WP2Traceable small scale liquefier and density

measurementsVSL, Adriaan van der Veen, avdveen@vsl.nl

WP3 Smart sensor development and testing TNO, Huib Blokland, huib.blokland@tno.nl

WP4 Smart sensor validation and engine tests PTB, Kai Moshammer, kai.moshammer@ptb.de

WP5 Creating impact JV, Kianoosh Hadidi, kih@justervesenet.no

WP6 Management and coordination VSL, Menne Schakel, mschakel@vsl.nl

Outlook EMPIR 16ENG09 LNG III

LNG - Background

� LNG currently traded in the form of Energy and

requires measurement of Vol., Density and GCV

� Following GIIGNL and ISO 10976 procedures

� Volume is measured by tank gauging methods (up to

1% error = €900M per year in 2015, EU only)

� Flow meters have many advantages over tank

gauging for LNG custody transfer measurements

(accuracy, lower capital cost...)

� However, their acceptance depends on availability of

reference measurement systems and agreed

qualification procedures

� This is a very challenging task for the pipe size and

flowrates required in custody transfer applications

� This is one of the main motivations for

EMRP/EMPIR LNG projects

2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024

Primary reference,Values up to

25m3/h,Uncertainty ~0.2%,(LNGI)

Primary reference,Values up to

25m3/h,Uncertainty ~0.1%,(LNG2a)

Capacity

Reference values up to 200m3/h,

Uncertainty ~0.15%, (LNG2b& 3)

Reference values up to 600m3/hUncertainty ~0.2% (LNG3 & 4)

Reference values up to 10,000 m3/h,

Uncertainty ~0.2%, (LNG5, ……)

Small and mid scale LNG and LBG, main driver energy transition. Targets: certified

dispensing systems, reduced measurement uncertainty

Large scale LNGTargets: reduced

measurement uncertainty, transparency & simple processes

2026

Feasibility, design, business case

Realisation facility

Development of LNG Flow Measurement Traceability

2010

LNGI………… LNG2………….. LNG3…..…… LNG4………. LNG5................

LNGIII - Objectives(June 2017 – May 2020)

� Enable the large scale roll-out of LNG and

LBG as a transport fuel

� Achieved through the continued development

of transparent and traceable metrological

infrastructure for flow and composition

measurement systems

� LNGIII forms an essential step towards

measurement traceability for large scale LNG

custody transfer applications

� The project will also develop smart sensors for

measurement of MN and MS to ensure optimal

LNG engine performance

� Project outcomes will be implemented in

relevant written standards to enable and

promote the use of LNG and LBG as a

transport fuel

LNGIII- Project Partners

9 NMIs3 Universities

4 Industrial

Advisory Board

Consists of 25 members of key representatives of the LNG industry:

• Producers

• Shippers

• Import terminals

• Energy Companies

• Instrument manufacturers

LNGIII - Work Packages

� WP1: Reduced uncertainty for dynamic flow measurements. (NEL)

� WP2: Traceable small scale liquefier and density measurements. (VSL)

� WP3: Smart sensor development and testing for measurement of MN

and MS. (TNO)

� WP4: Smart sensor validation and engine testing. (PTB)

� WP5: Creating Impact. (JV)

� WP6: Management. (VSL)

WP1: Reduced uncertainty for dynamic flow measurements

Objectives and targets:

1. Fully understand influence of following parameters on meter

performance:

− Upstream disturbances

− Meter insulation

− Coriolis meter response time, thermal stability & YM vs Temp.

2. Feasibility of using a cryogenic piston prover as a primary

reference for flow measurement.

3. Validation of cryogenic mass flow meters using a cryogenic

LDV standard.

4. Feasibility study for a small to mid-scale LNG calibration

facility (up to 1000 m3/hr).

NEL’s Water Flow Measurement Facility(UKAS accredited meter calibrations)

WP2: Small scale liquefier and density measurements

Objectives:

1. Development and validation of a small scale liquefier for

natural gas and similar mixtures.

It will be used to validate LNG sampling and composition measurement

systems.

2. Develop and test cost effective sensors for in-line LNG

density measurement (Coriolis and Acoustic Impedance).

3. Development of traceable methods for performing

measurements of particulates present in LNG and LBG.

This is needed in order to decide on LNG engine service interval and type

of filters used at fuelling stations.

WP3: Smart sensor development and testing

Objectives:1. Develop cost effective and reliable sensors for measurement of

Methane number (MN).

MN is the measure of resistance of fuel gases to engine knock (known as detonation) and therefore an important factor for determining LNG engine performance.

2. Develop cost effective and reliable sensors for measurement of

Methane Slip (MS).

MS is unburned methane emissions released from the LNG engine due to incomplete combustion. The global warming potential of methane is 25 times higher than that of CO2.

3. Define and agree an acceptable criterium for measurement

accuracy from each sensor based on international standardisation, legislation and available data.

WP4: Smart sensor validation and engine testing

Objectives:

1. Develop a chemical kinetic model for accurate prediction of

LNG combustion and ignition behaviour with different MNs

2. The model will be ultimately used by end users to support the

design phase of engines and engine control in vehicles

3. Conduct truck and stationary gas engine tests over a wide

range of gas compositions in order to obtain the MN

4. The data will be used for development of MN algorithm

5. Validate the MN and MS sensors developed in WP3 in an

environment that is typical for current and future heavy-duty

gas engines

WP5: Creating impact

1. Knowledge transfer

� Conference presentations

� Peer-reviewed papers

� Feedback to Standardization bodies (ISO, OIML, GIIGNL….)

� Implement results from LNGI, II and III to the GIIGNL handbook

� Best practice guides

2. Training and Workshops

� Workshop and training course at NEL (Month 18)

� Workshop and training course at RUB (Month 36)

WP1 progress

• Study the influence of following parameters on meter accuracy:

− Upstream disturbances

− Meter insulation

− Coriolis meter response time, thermal stability & YM vs Temp.

• Metering Skids:

− Design and fabrication of 3 metering setups has been completed

− Water testing has been completed

• Testing:

− Testing with water at NEL- (Apr. - Jun 2018)

− Testing with LNG at VSL- (Planned Jan. – Jun. 2019)

• Cryogenic flow rate Laser Doppler Velocimetry standard

− 11:50 Rémy Maury (CESAME)

WP2 progress

• Small scale liquefier:

− Metrological input to commercial liquefier

• Density measurement:

− Gas mixtures are being prepared

• Performing measurements of particulates:

− Weighing method was validated and assessed at hydrogen refuelling

station

WP3 & WP 4 progress

• Development of sensors for composition and methane number:

− Sensor selection, requirements and test program are developed

− Development and testing of three sensor systems has started and is

running

− Good progress towards the ability of determining the MN of LNG gas

mixtures

• LNG model development:

− Development of chemical kinetic model ongoing

• Gas engine tests:

− Preparations for the tests have started

WP5 progress

• Input to standards:

− A working group was formed ISO/TC28 WG20 and a committee draft

on LNG metering was composed. A draft ISO standard will soon follow

− A working group was formed ISO/TC 193/WG8 to evaluate the present

methods for calculating the knock resistance of gas mixtures. The

working group willl decide if a Draft ISO Standard (DIS) can be

released

− Further inputs given to CEN/TC 408, Dutch Standard Committee NEN

310408, and GIIGNL Technical Study Group

• Training and workshops:

− Workshop and training at NEL (Month 18)

− Workshop and training at RUB (Month 36)

Follow Project progress and new news on

Agenda for today

0945 – 1020 Gate Terminal Rotterdam: Supply and Throughput of LNG for Northwest EuropeDorus Bertels (BHGE) in cooperation with Ricardo Witteman (Gate Terminal)

1020 – 1050 TEA/COFFEE BREAK

1050 – 1120 Transparency is a Must for Meter Performance Evaluation at LNG Applications, an Example with a Coriolis MeterPitti Salvatore, (Emerson Process Management)

1120 – 1150 Long Term Stability of Coriolis Meters in Cryogenic FluidsIryna Marfenko, (E+H)

1150 – 1220 Cryogenic flow rate measurement with a Laser Doppler Velocimetry standardRémy Maury, (CESAME)

Agenda for today

1220 – 1340 LUNCH

1340 – 1410 Raman Measurements in Cryogenic LNG LiquidScott Sutherland, (SpectraSensors, Inc.)

1410 – 1440 Calibration of Sensor Technology Using Traceable LNG Reference MixturesJoey Walker et al, (EffecTech Ltd)

1440 – 1510 LNG Measurement Uncertainty, Review and ProgressKianoosh Hadidi, (JV)

Agenda for today

1510 – 1540 TEA/COFFEE BREAK

1540 – 1610 Cost-effective Gas Composition SensorHuib Blokland, (TNO)

1610 – 1710 Investigations on the Knocking Behaviour of LNG by Engine Tests and Reaction KineticsPeter Eilts, (TUBS) and Kai Moshammer, (PTB)

1710 CLOSE