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Arno Smets Working Principle of a Semiconductor Based Solar Cell Semiconductor Junction II - The Solar Cell Week 2.4.2

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  • Arno Smets

    Working Principle of a Semiconductor Based Solar CellSemiconductor Junction II - The Solar Cell

    Week 2.4.2

  • Semiconductor Junction – Thermal Equillibrium

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    n regionp region

    Electron Diffusion Je = qDedn/dxElectron Drift Je = nqeE

    Hole Drift Jh = pqhEHole Diffusion Jh = qDhdp/dx

    No net current

  • Semiconductor Junction – Forward Bias

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    n regionp region

    + -Field reduced

    Electron Diffusion Je = qDedn/dxElectron Drift Je = nqeE

    Hole Drift Jh = pqhEHole Diffusion Jh = qDhdp/dx

  • Semiconductor Junction – Forward Bias

    n regionp region

    + -Field reduced- - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    Electron Diffusion Je = qDedn/dxElectron Drift Je = nqeE

    Hole Drift Jh = pqhEHole Diffusion Jh = qDhdp/dx

    Net current!

  • EF EF

    driftdiffusion

    driftdiffusion

  • EF

    EF

    driftdiffusion

    driftdiffusion

  • EF

    EF

    driftdiffusion

    driftdiffusion

  • EF

    EF

    driftdiffusion

    driftdiffusion

    qV

  • Semiconductor Junction – Reverse Bias

    n regionp region

    - +Field increased- - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    Electron Diffusion Je = qDedn/dxElectron Drift Je = nqeE

    Hole Drift Jh = pqhEHole Diffusion Jh = qDhdp/dx

  • Semiconductor Junction – Reverse Bias

    n regionp region

    - +Field increased- - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    Electron Diffusion Je = qDedn/dxElectron Drift Je = nqeE

    Hole Drift Jh = pqhEHole Diffusion Jh = qDhdp/dx

    Extremely Small Net current!

  • Semiconductor Junction – under illumination

    n regionp region

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    Electron Diffusion Je = qDedn/dxElectron Drift Je = nqeE

    Hole Drift Jh = pqhEHole Diffusion Jh = qDhdp/dx

  • Semiconductor Junction – under illumination

    n regionp region

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    Electron Diffusion Je = qDedn/dxElectron Drift Je = nqeE

    Hole Drift Jh = pqhEHole Diffusion Jh = qDhdp/dx

  • Short Circuit

    n regionp region

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

  • Open Circuit

    n regionp region

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - -

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    + + + +

    V

    E Field

  • p-n junction Solar Cells

    Three essential steps required for the operation of a solar cell:

    1. Generation of electron-hole pairs in the cell

    2. Separation of electron and hole at the junction

    3. Collection of electrons and holes at the terminals

  • Thank you for your attention!