work package 1 perceived barriers to natural ventilation design of office buildings the objective of...
TRANSCRIPT
Work Package 1Work Package 1Perceived Barriers toPerceived Barriers to
Natural Ventilation DesignNatural Ventilation Designof Office Buildingsof Office Buildings
The objective of the study was to identify perceived barriers restricting the implementation of natural or simple fan assisted ventilation systems in the design of new office
buildings and in the refurbishment of existing
office buildings.
The objective of the study was to identify perceived barriers restricting the implementation of natural or simple fan assisted ventilation systems in the design of new office
buildings and in the refurbishment of existing
office buildings.
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
InterviewsInterviewsintervieweesinterviewees
Interview of 107 designers and decision makers:
42 architects 24 consultant engineers 11 contractors 9 developers 14 owners 7 governmental
decision
makers
Interview of 107 designers and decision makers:
42 architects 24 consultant engineers 11 contractors 9 developers 14 owners 7 governmental
decision
makers
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
InterviewsInterviewsquestionnairesquestionnaires
Structured interviews based on questionnaires. Questionnaires completed by the interviewee and the interviewer
together. Focus on:
general knowledge viewpoints experience and perceived problems.
Focus on decisions actually taken in specific building projects. Allows for additional comments, remarks and viewpoints.
Structured interviews based on questionnaires. Questionnaires completed by the interviewee and the interviewer
together. Focus on:
general knowledge viewpoints experience and perceived problems.
Focus on decisions actually taken in specific building projects. Allows for additional comments, remarks and viewpoints.
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
InterviewsInterviewsusersusers
Interviews with users of office buildings are not included in this study.
The users perception is part of Work Package 2: ‘Performance of naturally ventilated buildings’, where physical parameters are also measured and compared with the users responses.
Interviews with users of office buildings are not included in this study.
The users perception is part of Work Package 2: ‘Performance of naturally ventilated buildings’, where physical parameters are also measured and compared with the users responses.
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
InterviewsInterviewsCountries & ClimatesCountries & Climates
7 central and north European countries with moderate or cold climates: Belgium (B) Denmark (DK) Switzerland (CH) Norway (N) The Netherlands (NL) Sweden (S) United Kingdom (UK)
7 central and north European countries with moderate or cold climates: Belgium (B) Denmark (DK) Switzerland (CH) Norway (N) The Netherlands (NL) Sweden (S) United Kingdom (UK)
CH
BNL
S
UK
DK
N
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
Perception of own knowledgePerception of own knowledge
Nearly all the interviewees know less about specially designed natural ventilation than they know about mechanical ventilation.
On average the interviewees have nearly the same level of knowledge of traditional natural ventilation as on mechanical ventilation.
Nearly all the interviewees know less about specially designed natural ventilation than they know about mechanical ventilation.
On average the interviewees have nearly the same level of knowledge of traditional natural ventilation as on mechanical ventilation.
A specific 5 point scale ranking from 1: None to 5: Thorough is used to indicate the level of knowledge.
All is the average of all groups except the governmental decision makers, with the professional groups weighted equal.
0
1
2
3
4
5
Arc
hite
cts
Con
s.e
ng.
Con
tra
ct.
Dev
elo
p.
Ow
ne
rs All
Gov
. D
ec.
Non
e
T
horo
ugh
Mech. vent.
Trad. NatVent
Spec. NatVent
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
The interviewees’ experienceThe interviewees’ experience
Most of the interviewees have considerable experience of mechanical ventilation.
Many of the interviewees have worked with traditional natural ventilation.
Their experience with special designed natural ventilation is very limited.
Most of the interviewees have considerable experience of mechanical ventilation.
Many of the interviewees have worked with traditional natural ventilation.
Their experience with special designed natural ventilation is very limited.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Mech. vent. Trad. NatVent Spec. NatVent
Per
cen
tBDKCHNNLSUKAll
The relative experience is the per cent of mechanical or natural ventilated offices designed, constructed or owned.
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
Guidelines & productsGuidelines & products
Nearly all of the interviewees reported that design guidelines and products were more readily available for mechanical ventilation systems than natural ventilation systems.
The general opinion among the interviewees is that there are few good sources of information about natural ventilation
Nearly all of the interviewees reported that design guidelines and products were more readily available for mechanical ventilation systems than natural ventilation systems.
The general opinion among the interviewees is that there are few good sources of information about natural ventilation
0
1
2
3
4
5
Guidelines Products
P
oo
r
E
xce
llen
t
Natur., Cellular
Natur., Open plan
Mech., Cellular
Mech., Open plan
A specific 5 point scale ranking from 1: Poor to 5: Excellent is used to indicate the interviewees’ perceptions
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
Expected user satisfactionExpected user satisfaction
On average, the interviewees expect the same level of user satisfaction for naturally and mechanically ventilated cellular offices.
The interviewees expect higher level of user satisfaction in natural ventilated cellular offices than in natural ventilated open plan offices.
The level of user satisfaction expected In mechanically ventilated offices is the same as in cellular offices as in open plan offices.
On average, the interviewees expect the same level of user satisfaction for naturally and mechanically ventilated cellular offices.
The interviewees expect higher level of user satisfaction in natural ventilated cellular offices than in natural ventilated open plan offices.
The level of user satisfaction expected In mechanically ventilated offices is the same as in cellular offices as in open plan offices.
0
1
2
3
4
5
User satisfaction
P
oo
r
E
xce
lle
nt
Natur., Cellular
Natur., Open plan
Mech., Cellular
Mech., Open plan
A specific 5 point scale ranking from 1: Poor to 5: Excellent is used to indicate the expected user satisfaction
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
Expected performance in practiceExpected performance in practice
In general, the interviewees expect mechanical ventilation systems to perform better than natural ventilation systems with regard to cooling effectiveness, draught minimisation, ability to remove odours, ability to prevent ingress of odours and ability to insulation against external noise.
Regarding the generation or transmission of internal noise the interviewees expect the same level of performance from both types of ventilation system.
In general, the interviewees expect mechanical ventilation systems to perform better than natural ventilation systems with regard to cooling effectiveness, draught minimisation, ability to remove odours, ability to prevent ingress of odours and ability to insulation against external noise.
Regarding the generation or transmission of internal noise the interviewees expect the same level of performance from both types of ventilation system.
0
1
2
3
4
5
Coolin
geff
ect
.
Dra
ught
Rem
ove
odour
Ingre
ssodour
Ext
ern
nois
e
Inte
rnnois
e
P
oo
r
E
xce
llen
t
Natur., Cellular
Natur., Open plan
Mech., Cellular
Mech., Open plan
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
Expected controllabilityExpected controllability
In general the interviewees expect a high degree of centralised control with mechanical ventilation systems and less centralised control of natural ventilation systems: especially in cellular offices.
The level of local and individual control of ventilation expected is higher in cellular offices than in open plan offices.
In general the interviewees expect a high degree of centralised control with mechanical ventilation systems and less centralised control of natural ventilation systems: especially in cellular offices.
The level of local and individual control of ventilation expected is higher in cellular offices than in open plan offices.
0
1
2
3
4
5
Central Local Individual
Po
or
Exce
lle
nt
Natur., Cellular
Natur., Open plan
Mech., Cellular
Mech., Open plan
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
Expected costsExpected costs
Most interviewees expect higher installation, higher running and higher maintenance costs for mechanical ventilation than for natural ventilation.
If mechanical ventilation is installed in a building it will account for a significant proportion of the total construction costs.
Installation costs for a natural ventilation systems could be high if the system requires chimneys, more floor area or additional volume.
Most interviewees expect higher installation, higher running and higher maintenance costs for mechanical ventilation than for natural ventilation.
If mechanical ventilation is installed in a building it will account for a significant proportion of the total construction costs.
Installation costs for a natural ventilation systems could be high if the system requires chimneys, more floor area or additional volume.
0
1
2
3
4
5
Installation Running Maintenance
In
exp
en
siv
e
Exp
en
siv
eNatur., Cellular
Natur., Open plan
Mech., Cellular
Mech., Open plan
A specific 5 point scale ranking from 1: Inexpensive to 5: Expensive is used to indicate the interviewees’ perception of the costs.
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
Expected future use of natural Expected future use of natural ventilationventilation
In general, architects have the highest expectations of the increasing use of natural ventilation in offices.
On an average basis, it is only the governmental decisions makers who anticipate a decrease in the use of natural ventilation.
In general, architects have the highest expectations of the increasing use of natural ventilation in offices.
On an average basis, it is only the governmental decisions makers who anticipate a decrease in the use of natural ventilation.
0
1
2
3
4
5
Arc
hite
cts
Co
ns.
en
g.
Co
ntr
acto
rs
De
ve
lop
ers
Ow
ne
rs All
Go
v.
De
c.
D
ecre
ase
Un
ch
an
ge
In
cre
ase
Min. country
Average
Max. country
The expectation is indicated on a specific 5 points scale ranking from 1: Significant decreasing over 3: Unchanged to 5: Significant increasing.
All is the average of all groups except the governmental decision makers, with the professional groups weighted equal.
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
Perceived restrictions in regulations, Perceived restrictions in regulations, codes, norms and standardscodes, norms and standards
The perception that regulations limit the use of natural ventilation varies from country to country.
In Belgium, Norway and Sweden the interviewees report that there are significant barriers to the use of natural ventilation.
In other countries, such restriction are perceived to be more limited.
The perception that regulations limit the use of natural ventilation varies from country to country.
In Belgium, Norway and Sweden the interviewees report that there are significant barriers to the use of natural ventilation.
In other countries, such restriction are perceived to be more limited.
0
1
2
3
4
5
Architects Cons. eng. All Gov. Dec.
N
on
e
Co
mp
reh
en
sive
BDKCHNNLSUK
The perception of restrictions is indicated on a specific 5 points scale ranking from 1: None to 5: Comprehensive
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
Critical parameters for the designCritical parameters for the design
0
1
2
3
4
5
Win
ter
tem
p.
Ind.
air
qual
.
Dra
ught
, w
int.
Sum
mer
tem
p.
Sol
ar lo
ads
Int.
hea
t lo
ads
Dra
ught
, su
m.
Indi
v. c
ontr
ol
Inte
rnal
noi
se
Ext
erna
l noi
se
Int.
pol
lutio
ns
Ext
. po
llutio
ns
Fire
reg
ulat
.
Sec
urity
Con
st.
cost
s
Ope
r. c
osts
Mai
nt.
cost
s
L
ow
H
igh
Min. country
Average
Max. country
Each interviewee was allowed to point out a maximum of 5 critical parameters and was asked to prioritise them from 1: Low to 5: High.
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
The most critical parametersThe most critical parameters
For many of the interviewees the most critical parameter is summer-time room temperature or construction costs.
Other give the highest priority to solar heat gains, indoor air quality and indoor pollution.
Several of the interviewees identified external noise and operation costs parameters.
For many of the interviewees the most critical parameter is summer-time room temperature or construction costs.
Other give the highest priority to solar heat gains, indoor air quality and indoor pollution.
Several of the interviewees identified external noise and operation costs parameters.
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
Influence on designInfluence on design
Architects, consultant engineers and owners have the greatest influence on the choice of design.
Architects, consultant engineers and owners have the greatest influence on the choice of design.
0
1
2
3
4
5
Arc
hite
ct
Co
ns.
Eng
ine
er
Co
ntr
acto
r
Ow
ner
De
ve
lope
r
Investe
r
Users
Build
. site
Co
de
sLo
w
Hig
h
Min. country
Average
Max. country
Each interviewee was allowed to point out a maximum of 5 persons or conditions and was asked to prioritise them from 1: Low to 5: High.
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
Conclusions Conclusions & & RecommendationsRecommendations
The interviews identify significant lack of knowledge and experience of specially designed natural ventilation in office buildings compared to the knowledge and experience of mechanical ventilation.
The interviews identify significant lack of knowledge and experience of specially designed natural ventilation in office buildings compared to the knowledge and experience of mechanical ventilation.
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
Simple, energy efficient, low cost natural ventilation system concepts for new and refurbished office buildings have to be developed.
Standards and guidelines must be developed so that there is a more favourable technical and legal framework for naturally ventilated office buildings.
Simple design tools: diagrams or easy - to - use computer programmes have to be developed.
Components and control systems for natural ventilation have to be improved.
General knowledge on natural ventilation has to be improved.
Simple, energy efficient, low cost natural ventilation system concepts for new and refurbished office buildings have to be developed.
Standards and guidelines must be developed so that there is a more favourable technical and legal framework for naturally ventilated office buildings.
Simple design tools: diagrams or easy - to - use computer programmes have to be developed.
Components and control systems for natural ventilation have to be improved.
General knowledge on natural ventilation has to be improved.
Conclusions &Conclusions & RecommendationsRecommendations
More information...More information...
NatVent
ObjectiveObjective
Barriers to Barriers to natural natural
ventilationventilation
InterviewsInterviews
KnowledgeKnowledge
ExperienceExperience
Guidelines & Guidelines & productsproducts
User satisfact.User satisfact.
PerformancePerformance
ControllabilityControllability
CostsCosts
FutureFuture
RestrictionsRestrictions
DesignDesign
RESULTS of RESULTS of interviewsinterviews
Conclusions & Conclusions & recommendationsrecommendations
More...More...
The European barrier report and the different national barrier reports (pdf-files) can be found on the CD-rom in the directory /Reports/Barriers/…
The European barrier report and the different national barrier reports (pdf-files) can be found on the CD-rom in the directory /Reports/Barriers/…
You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat® Reader ®3.0. Program. This program is free.
Download it from the Acrobat web site: www.adobe.com OR run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory \Installation
You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat® Reader ®3.0. Program. This program is free.
Download it from the Acrobat web site: www.adobe.com OR run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory \Installation