Work made by:Mariana Ginginha 8ºB/Nº 19

English workTeacher: Teresina Paz

GRAMMAR PAGE GRAMMAR PAGE

ContentPresent Simple

Present Continuous

Past Simple

Future – Going To

Uncountable/Countable Nouns

Some/Any/ A lot of , A Few/A Little

Degrees of Adjectives

Conditional ( Type I/II)

Present Perfect Simple

Adjectives ending in ing- and -ed

Passive Voice – Present Simple

Passive Voice – Past Simple

Order of Adjectives

Exercises

Solutions

Reflection

Present SimpleIndigenous people live in the forest.

• We add s/es in the 3rd person singular (he/she/it).She lives in the forest.

• Verbs ending in consonant +y: the y turns i and we add- es.

study – studies

• Verbs ending in ss/sh/o/ch: we add –es. watch – watches/ fix- fixes / wash - washes

Present ContinuousThey are following the traditions of their tribe.

• We use this verb tense to talk about what is happening now .

• We form it with the Present Simple of be (am/is/are) + main verb ending in -ing.

- verbs ending in –e:write – writing

- verbs ending in short vowel + consonanttravel – travelling/ swim - swimming

Past SimpleWhen I came back my parents asked me…

a) When we talk about something that happened in the past we use the Past Simple.

a) Regular verbs always end in –ed in the Past Simple.

a) Irregular verbs have different endings in the Past Simple.

RULE:RULE:

Future – Be Going ToI’m going to spend my time off in Hawai surfing.

• SUPERIORITY (more + adjective + than/ adjective + er + than)→ We use –er + than for shorts words (one or two syllabes):

brave – braver / nice – nicer→ Words ending in vowel + consonant double the consonant: fat

– fatter/ big - bigger→ Words ending in –y change y to i before adding –er: lucky –

luckier/ happy – happier→ We can use –er or more with some two syllable adjectives:

clever – cleverer/ more clever than , quiet – quieter/ more quiet than

→ We use more…than for longer words (two syllable or more): Junk food is more expensive than heathy food.

Degrees of Adjectives

Comparative of:

• EQUALITY (as+ adjective+as) → Alfred eats as quickly as Catarina

• INFERIORITY (less+ adjective+than) → Lucinda is less careful than Mark about food.

Superlative:

→ We use the+ adjective + est for short words (one or two syllabes): long – the longest→ We use the most + adjective for longer words (two syllabes or more): expensive – the most expensive→ We use more, most, less and least to compare quantities. I ate more hamburguers when i was younger. Catarina eats less chocolate now.

Conditional type I

If clause: Present Simple (If you drink…)Main clause: Future form will/won’t + infinitive (you will get)

If you drink too much coke, you will get sick.

Conditional type IIWhat would you do if your friend had any of these symptoms? If a friend of mine had any of these symptoms, i would talk to them.

If clause: Past Simple (If i went…)Main clause: would/could + infinitive (I would go…)

We form the Present Perfect:HaveHave/has has + past participle past participle of the main verb.

Present Perfect SimpleMaddona has lived a healthy lifestyle for many years. But he has had lots of

problems since his days with Take That.

We use the Present Perfect when:

1. An action or situation started in the past and continues in the present.I have lived in Portugal since 1998.

1. An action performed during a period that has not yet finished.Madonna has been to the doctor twice this week.

1. A repeated action between the past and now.She has visited Portugal several times.

• When we ask how long…?How long has Madonna lived in New York?

We answer using for or since:

• When we say a period of time, we use for;Madonna has lived in New York for many years.

• When we say the start of a period, we use since.Madonna has lived in New York since 1981

Adjectives Ending in –ing and -edDo you think that this would make you a more interesting person? Talk to a trusted adult.

The –ing adjective describes what something does to you:My friend is boring. She never stops talking.My job is tiring. I do the same things hundreds of

times every day.

The –ed adjective tells you how somebody feels:Susan is feeling depressed. She’s always crying.Joana is interested in romantic films. She watches

them all the time.

Passive Voice – Present Simple

Fátima Lopes is known nationally and internationally.In Somalia time isn’t considered to be very important.

Active Voice Passive Voice

Magazines use pop singers as models. Pop singers are used as models by magazines.

Magazines don’t publish photos of fat people.

Photos of fat people are not published by magazines

Do teens buy fashion magazines? Are fashion magazines bought by teens?

We use the passive voice:• When the subject is not the person/thing doing the action.

The pop singers are used as models by magazines.• When we are interested in the action, not the person or people who did it.

Fashion magazines are bought by young people.• When we do not know who did the action.

The team’s uniform is changed every day.• When we want to say who or what did the action, we use by.

Teenagers are influenced by magazines.• We don’t use by when:

→ We don’t know who did the action.→ In the active sentence the subject is: people, one, someone, somebody , they…→ We are not interested in who/what did the action.

Fashion magazines are sold all around the world.

We form the passive voice:

Verb to be (am, is, are) + main verb in past participle

Questions: Questions: We put the verb to be before the subject.Are magazines written by teenagers?

Negative:Negative: We add not or –n’t (aren’t/isnt’t) to the verb be.Magazines aren’t written by teenagers.

Active Voice Passive Voice

Levis invented a new pair of jeans. A new pair of jeans was invented by Levis.

They didn’t build that boutique very quickly.

That boutique wasn’t built very quickly.

Did Alice buy my old CDs? Were my old CDs bought by Alice?

Passive Voice – Past Simple

They were invented for those who can’t live without music.

We form the passive voice:

Verb be in the Past Simple (was,were) + main verb in past participle

Questions: Questions: We put was/were before the subject.Was the report written by anyone famous?

Negative:Negative: We add not or –n’t (wasn’t/weren’t) to the verb.The report wasn’t written by anyone famous.

• When we want to say who or what did the action, we use by. iPod jeans were developed by Levi’s and Apple.• We don’t use by when:

→ in the active sentence the subject is: people, one, someone, somebody , they;→ we are not interested in who/what did the action; Jeans were invented.→ we don’t know who did the action. My bag was stolen.

We order adjectives according to their meaning:– Adjectives that give us an opinion:

beautiful/nice/interesting/cool/…– Adjectives of size:

long/big/small/short/tall/…– When we say the colour:

I bought a beautiful long black –shirt.

When we have two colours we add and:I bought a beautiful long black and white T-shirt.

– Adjectives of material:plastic/wool/cotton/silver/…

All these adjectives come before the noun.I bought a beautiful long white cotton T-shirt.

Order of AdjectivesHe dresses it down with a casual cotton T-shirt.

1. Complete the table with degrees of adjectives.

Exercises

Adjective Comparative Superlative

pretty

thinner

The saddest

intelligent

further

the eldest

2. Then make type 2 conditional clauses

2.1) If I ________ a car, I __________ wait for the bus. (have/ not have)2.2) If I ________ my homework, my teacher _________ angry with me (do/ not get)

3. Put a “C” for Countable and “U” for Uncountable.

3.1) tea 3.4) bicycle 3.7) dress3.2) pencil 3.5) turnips 3.8) friend3.3) furniture 3.6) money 3.9) dish

1. Fill in the gaps with since or for.

4.1) _________ many years. 4.4) ________ five hours.4.2) _________ ten o’clock. 4.5) ________ ages.4.3) _________ I was a child. 4.6) ________ ten

months.

1. Rewrite the following sentences in the Passive Voice (Present/Past Simple).

5.1) John opened the door.5.2) Sam takes some photos.5.3) Mary asked the policeman for directions.5.4) Many children use computers nowadays.5.5) The police ask lots of questions.

Complete the sentences, putting the verbs into the correct form in Present Perfect.

6.1) He has been learning English, but he ______ (be able) to red a newspaper yet.

6.2) I have looked for my pen all day, but I ______ (not find) it yet.6.3) ________ you ________ (finish) the work yet.

1. Complete the table with degrees of adjectives.

Solutions

Adjective Comparative Superlative

pretty prettier the prettiest

thin thinner the thinnest

sad sadder The saddest

Intelligent more intelligent the most intelligent

far further the furthest

old elder the eldest

2. Then make type 2 conditional clauses

2.1) If I had a car, I wouldn't wait for the bus. (have/ not have)2.2) If I did my homework, my teacher wouldn't get angry with me (do/ not get)

3. Put a “C” for Countable and “U” for Uncountable.

3.1) tea u 3.4) bicycle c 3.7) dress c3.2) pencil c 3.5) turnips c 3.8) friend c3.3) furniture u 3.6) money u 3.9) dish c

1. Fill in the gaps with since or for.

4.1) for many years. 4.4) for five hours.4.2) since ten o’clock. 4.5) for ages.4.3) since I was a child. 4.6) for ten months.

1. Rewrite the following sentences in the Passive Voice (Present/Past Simple).

5.1) The door is opened by John. 5.2) Some photos are taken by Sam.5.3) The policeman was asked for directions by Mary.5.4) Computers are used by many children.5.5) Lots of questions are asked by the police.

1. Complete the sentences, putting the verbs into the correct form in Present Perfect.

6.1) He has been learning English, but he hasn’t been able (be able) to read a newspaper yet.

6.2) I have looked for my pen all day, but I haven’t found (not find) it yet.

6.3) Have you finished (finish) the work yet.

This term I made two tests. In the first I had a very good mark, I had Muito Bom. The second one was not so good but I’ll promise to improve my English. I think that this portfolio is very good for me and for my learning.

Reflection