word$wall:$esbmate,$area,$grid,$idenbcal,$square ...• 1cm$grid$paper$ • 10$x$10$grid$floor$mat...

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Resources 1cm grid paper 10 x 10 grid floor mat Various 2D shapes BLM worksheets h<p://www.worksheetworks.com/math/geometry/counBngarea.html h<p://www.superteacherworksheets.com/area.html Mats (1m x 1m) Leaves Blank A4 size paper FISH Kit Review Ac-vity Process 1. Brainstorm and discuss various units of measurement the students can recall. 2. Using various units of length (mm, cm, m, km) ask students to suggest objects that would be measured using these units of length. Review Ac-vity Process 1. Explain what is meant by the term ‘one dimension’ (measurement in length, width, and thickness) and explain that measuring length is using ‘one dimension’(a figure having only length, such as a line) Area of a 2D shape is the measure of its interior (a point has no dimension only posiBon) 2. Encourage students to make connecBons, ask them to think of possible examples for the noBon ‘two dimensions’ (2D) Record eg. two dimensional shapes have, length and width, but lacking depth, A figure (shape) that only has two dimensions (such as width and height) has no thickness. Ac-vity ProcessExploring Area 1. Introduce the term ‘area’ and ask students to share their mathemaBcal understanding of this concept. 2. Create a class definiBon of what ‘area’ is. 3. Discuss that area can also be measured using mm, cm, m , km etc. of 2D shapes 4. Students list a range of objects where the area can be calculated eg. Desk top, books, basketball court, football field. 5. Explain to students that an easy way to calculate the area of a 2D shape is through the use of squared grids. Highlight the importance of the squares being iden6cal with no gaps. Eg. Area = 30 units 6. Give students coloured construcBon paper and ask them to create a straight sided regular 2D shape, (polygons) these become a general resource for the acBvity 7. Students are given a transparent square cm grid to place over the ‘regular’ 2D shapes and asked to esBmate the area of each and compare which shape they think will cover the most/least area. Australian Curriculum Year 4 ACMMG290 Compare objects using familiar metric units of area and volume SpotlightWhat is a Key Idea It is a statement of an idea that is central to the learning of the big ideas of mathema6cs, one that links mathema6cal understandings increasingly into a coherent whole. Understanding key ideas: • is moBvaBng. • promotes connected understanding to big ideas. • promotes memory. • influences beliefs. • promotes the development of autonomous learners. • enhances transfer. • reduces the amount that must be remembered. Big Idea: Some a<ributes of objects are measurable and can be quanBfied using unit amounts. Key Ideas: Measurement involves a selected aFribute of an object (length, area, mass, volume, capacity) and a comparison of the object being measured against a unit of the same aFribute. The magnitude of the aFribute to be measured and the accuracy needed determines the appropriate measurement unit. 4.2.4 Word Wall: esBmate, area, grid, idenBcal, square cenBmetres/ cenBmetres squared, square metres/metres squared, square kilometres/kilometres squared, dimensions, boundary, 2D, region, units, perpendicular, properBes. polygon DRAFTThis is a work in progress. MAG wriBng project 20122013

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Resources    •  1cm  grid  paper  •  10  x  10  grid  floor  mat  •  Various  2D  shapes  •  BLM  worksheets    h<p://www.worksheetworks.com/math/geometry/counBng-­‐area.html  h<p://www.superteacherworksheets.com/area.html  •  Mats  (1m  x  1m)  •  Leaves  •  Blank  A4  size  paper  •  FISH  Kit                    Review  Ac-vity  Process  1.  Brainstorm  and  discuss  various  units  of  measurement  the  students  

can  recall.  

2.  Using  various  units  of  length  (mm,  cm,  m,  km)  ask  students  to  suggest  objects  that  would  be  measured  using  these  units  of  length.    

               Review  Ac-vity  Process  1.  Explain  what  is  meant  by  the  term  ‘one  dimension’  (measurement  in  

length,  width,  and  thickness)  and  explain  that  measuring  length  is  using  ‘one  dimension’(a  figure  having  only  length,  such  as  a  line)  Area  of  a  2D  shape  is  the  measure  of  its  interior  

                                                                                     (a  point  has  no  dimension  only  posiBon)  

2.  Encourage  students  to  make  connecBons,  ask  them  to  think  of  possible  examples  for  the  noBon  ‘two  dimensions’  (2D)  Record  eg.  

two  dimensional  shapes  have,  length  and  width,  but  lacking  depth,  A  figure  (shape)  that  only  has  two  dimensions  (such  as  width  and  

height)  has  no  thickness.    

             Ac-vity  Process-­‐Exploring  Area  1.  Introduce  the  term  ‘area’  and  ask  students  to  share  their  

mathemaBcal  understanding  of  this  concept.  

2.  Create  a  class  definiBon  of  what  ‘area’  is.  

3.  Discuss  that  area  can  also  be  measured  using  mm,  cm,  m  ,  km  etc.  of  2D  shapes  

4.  Students  list  a  range  of  objects  where  the  area  can  be  calculated  eg.  Desk  top,  books,  basketball  court,  football  field.  

5.  Explain  to  students  that  an  easy  way  to  calculate  the  area  of  a  2D  shape  is  through  the  use  of  squared  grids.  Highlight  the  importance  of  the  squares  being  iden6cal  with  no  gaps.  Eg.  Area  =  30  units  

   6.  Give  students  coloured  construcBon  paper  and  ask  them  

to  create  a  straight  sided  regular  2D  shape,  (polygons)  these  become  a  general  resource  for  the  acBvity  

7.  Students  are  given  a  transparent  square  cm  grid  to  place  over  the  ‘regular’  2D  shapes  and  asked  to  esBmate  the  area  of  each  and  compare  which  shape  they  think  will  cover  the  most/least  area.  

   

 Australian  Curriculum  Year  4  ACMMG290  Compare  objects  using  familiar  metric  units  of  area  and  volume    Spotlight-­‐What  is  a  Key  Idea    It  is  a  statement  of  an  idea  that  is  central  to  the  learning  of  the  big  ideas  of  mathema6cs,  one  that  links  mathema6cal  understandings  increasingly  into  a  coherent  whole.    Understanding  key  ideas:  •  is  moBvaBng.    •  promotes  connected  understanding  to  big  ideas.  •  promotes  memory.  •  influences  beliefs.  •  promotes  the  development  of  autonomous  learners.    •  enhances  transfer.    •  reduces  the  amount  that  must  be  remembered.    Big  Idea:  Some  a<ributes  of  objects  are  measurable  and  can  be  quanBfied  using  unit  amounts.    Key  Ideas:    •  Measurement  involves  a  selected  aFribute  of  an  

object  (length,  area,  mass,  volume,  capacity)  and  a  comparison  of  the  object  being  measured  against  a  unit  of  the  same  aFribute.    

•  The  magnitude  of  the  aFribute  to  be  measured  and  the  accuracy  needed  determines  the  appropriate  measurement  unit.    

 

4.2.4 Word  Wall:  esBmate,  area,  grid,  idenBcal,  square  cenBmetres/cenBmetres  squared,    square  metres/metres  squared,  square  kilometres/kilometres  squared,  dimensions,  boundary,  2D,  region,  units,  perpendicular,    properBes.  polygon  

DRAFT-­‐This  is  a  work  in  progress.  MAG  wriBng  project  2012-­‐2013  

Note    CounBng  can  be  used  as  a  strategy    to  find  the  area  of  a  polygon    on  a  grid  where  the  inside  of  the    shape  (interior)  can  be    covered  by  whole  square  unit.      If  part  of  the  shape  includes  parBal  square  units  then  it  is  necessary  to    EsBmate  parts  =  ?      When  the  shape  is  a  rectangle  or  a    Square  finding  the  area  can  be    Linked  to  the  noBon  of  arrays  and    Using  mulBplicaBon  strategies      MulBplying  the  number  of  rows  by    squares  in  each  row    eg.  6  X  5  =  30  square  units                                            Ac-vity  Process-­‐Part  2    1.  Students  then  trace  and  count  the  area  in  square  cm  and  compare  

their  esBmaBon.  This  would  be  a  good  opportunity  to  demonstrate  how  to  write  area  squared.  

2.  Explore  any  issues  or  quesBons    that  arise  from  these  acBviBes,  such  as  half  squares,  incomplete  squares  etc.  Look  at  strategies  for  solving  these  problems.  (see  note)  

3.  Show  2  shapes  (such  as  rectangles)  that  have  a  different  shape  but  cover  the  same  amount  of  area.    

4.  Pose  quesBons  such  as:  Which  shape  would  cover  the  greatest  area  and  why?  Which  shape  would  cover  the  smallest  area  and  why?.  

5.  Explore  the  idea  that  different  objects  can  have  the  same  area.  Use  hands  as  another  example.  Two  hands  are  not  always  similar  eg.  One  person  may  have  thicker  thumbs  and  shorter  fingers.  

       

Digital  Learning  Area  Explorer  h<p://www.shodor.org/interacBvate/acBviBes/AreaExplorer/                    Paving  Slabs  h<p://www.ngfl-­‐cymru.org.uk/vtc/ngfl/maths/cynnal/slabs/saesneg/paving_slabs.swf    Contexts  for  Learning  Inves-ga-on:  Clarify  their  understanding  of  ‘two  dimension’  as  mulBplying  length  and  width  Explain  that  this  only    works  for  squares  and  rectangles.  Revise  the  rule  for  triangles.    

Using  the  rule  of  squares  and  rectangles:    Use  a  1  square  metre  mat  or  material  Ble  and  esBmate  how  many  metres  squared  a  secBon  of  your  school  is.  Eg.  Basketball  court,  classroom,  stage.  Show  how  much  room  one  square  takes  up  and  students  use  strategies  to  come  up  with  suitable  esBmates.  

Students  can  then  use  a  trundle  wheel  or  count  how  many  mats  it  takes  to  measure  the  length,  then  width,  the  use  the  rule  to  mulBply  them  together  to  get  an  accurate  answer.  

Real  Life  Context:  

A  cube  has  6  faces  (sides)  and  all  angles  are  right  angles.  What  are  the  advantages  of  using  this  shape,  at  school,  at  home,  and  at  work?  

 

 Extension  and  Varia-ons  1.  Using  grid  paper,  ask  students  to  draw  as  many  different  shapes  that  have  an  area  of  a  certain  number  of  squares  such  as  4  or  8.  

Experiment  with  finding  the  area  of  irregular  shapes  and  ways  we  can  work  out  suitable  esBmates.    Use  a  leaf,  hand  or  other  accessible  irregular  shape  and  trace  or  glue  onto  grid  paper.  

Count  the  number  of  square  completely  inside  the  shape.  

Combine  other  parts  into  squares  

Add  to  find  the  total  area.  

Look  at  area  of  triangles  and  explore  the  properBes  of  triangles.  

2.  Give  students  a  sheet  of  paper  and  ask  them  to  idenBfy  its  shape.  Ask  them  to  think  about  how  they  could  make  two  idenBcal  shapes  with  three  straight  sides  from  the  rectangular  paper.  Eg.  cut  it  diagonally  into  two  triangles.  Ask  students  to  describe  what  this  proves  eg.  that  a  square  or  rectangles  equal  two  triangles.  

 

 

 

Discuss  how  this  knowledge  would  help  us  work  out  the  area  of  a  triangle.  Length  x  height  /2  

Introduce  the  term  ‘perpendicular’  and  explain  how  it  relates  to  finding  the  area  of  triangles.  

3.  Brain  Teaser  

h<p://greatmathsgames.com/number/item/33-­‐brain-­‐teasers/78-­‐chessboard-­‐puzzle.html    Using  a  chessboard  and  8  pawns  the  teacher    explains  how  the  pawns  must  be  placed  on  the    board  so  that  there  is  only  one  pawn    occupying  each  verBcal,  horizontal  and    diagonal.  ie  there  cannot  be  any  other  piece    on  the  same  line  as  another.  

 

                   

Assessment-­‐open  ques-ons  (students  choice)    1.  A  chessboard  that  has  both  black  and  white  Bles.  Which  area  is  greater-­‐the  area  for  the  black  Bles  or  the  area  for  the  white  Bles?    2.  Give  more  than  one  answer  to  the  quesBon.  ‘A  shape  has  an  area  of  200  square  cm.  What  could  its  length  and  width  be?  Show  how  you  have  worked  out  your  answers  and  explain  the  strategies  you  used.    Background  

Area  is  the  calculated  space  within  a  boundary  (interior)  of  a  shape.  A  square  grid  and/or  grid  paper  can  be  a  useful  way  to  work  out  area.  The  size  of  a  grid  cells  (units)  needs  to  be  consistent  with  no  gaps.  

Some  children  invent  rules  for  finding  the  area  of  familiar  shapes,  like  length  X  width    =  area  for  squares  or  rectangles.  They  can  then  apply  these  rules  with  understanding.  Teaching  students  these  rules  before  they  have  experiences  (explaining  before  exploring)  leads  to  rote  measurement  skills  with  li<le  understanding  of  why  the  rule  works.      

Volume  measures  the  amount  of  space  in  an  object.  The  volume  formula  for  a  rectangular  prism  is  mul6plying  the  height/length  of  each  dimension  by  each  other-­‐length  how  long,  by  width  how  wide  by  height  how  high  

While  some  learners  may  understand  the  basic  formulae  to  find  the  formula  of  a  rectangular  prism,  the  focus  at  this  year  level  is  on  understanding  the  concept  of  volume  

   Links  to  other  MAGs  MAG  4.1.3  

MAG  4.2.1