wood finishing by: ryan hawthorne, jonathan kavanagh, sean redmond, ed darrh wood finishing by: ryan...
TRANSCRIPT
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Wood Finishing
By: Ryan Hawthorne, Jonathan Kavanagh,Sean Redmond, Ed Darrh
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Finishing Safety
When in lab, wear your safety glasses. Wear Proper clothing. Wash hands immediately after use of any finish. Keep solvents away from heat. Use in a ventilated room. After using any finish, close all containers and put
away properly. Clean up any spills that may be a hazard in the lab.
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Finishing Wood
The two main reasons for finishing wood include: To protect it To add to it's beauty
* When finishing, take your time, DON’T RUSH!
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Three Types of Wood Finishes
Transparent Coatings- coatings that can be seen through. Ex. Shellac, varnish, lacquer
Penetrating Finishes- these soak into the wood rather than just coat it. Ex. Linseed Oil, Danish Oil
Opaque Finishes- covers the surface completely, cannot be seen through. Ex. Paint, enamel
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Transparent Coatings
Varnish- a preparation consisting of various resins, dissolved in an oil or in alcohol. When applied to the surface
of wood, it dries and leaves a hard, glossy transparent coating. Shellac- a varnish made by dissolving this material in
alcohol or a similar solvent.
Lacquer- a protective coating consisting of a resin, sometimes with pigment added.
Resin – Resin is a thick and sticky yellowish- brown substance used to chemically bond materials together.
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Penetrating Finishes
Linseed Oil- A yellowish oil extracted from the seeds of flax and used as a drying oil in paints and varnishes and in linoleum, printing inks, and synthetic resins.
Danish Oil- is a blend of oils and resins that penetrates, seals, and preserves wood surfaces.
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Finishing Supplies
Abrasives Brushes Solvents Wax Oils Paints
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Brushes used for Finishing
Two main brushes used are bristle brushes and foam polybrushes. Natural bristle brushes- are made with hog hair, commonly
used with oil base paints. Synthetic bristle brushes- are made of nylon or polyester,
commonly used with water soluble finishes, and most oil base finishes. Foam polybrushes- made of plastic foam tapered on both
sides to a sharp point, can be used on most finishes.
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Finishing Considerations
Project design Type of wood being used Projects intended use What do you want your end result to look like? Will it be exposed to heat, or moisture?
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Preparing the Surface
After assembling the project, check for the following before applying your finish:
Dried glue Dents Chips Scratches
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Preparing Surface Cont…
Remove access glue Remove Mill Marks Correct dents, chips or gouges; Using hot steam, Wood fillers may be needed, such as a wood
patch. Fill deep cracks and gouges with wood filler or water putty; leave the filler slightly high to allow for shrinkage as it dries. When the patch is dry, sand it smooth.
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Sanding
Sanding is crucial to preparing your wood for a finish, whether it be hand or power sanding.
Anyone tell me why? Different grit sand paper
Coarse- (80 grit) Medium to fine- (100-180 grit) Very Fine- (220-280 grit)
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Applying Stains and Clear Finishes
Staining- is the process to change the color of the wood without changing it’s texture.
Types of stains: Pigment stains -are made by adding color pigments together.
Ex. Mineral spirits, etc
Penetrating stains – are made by mixing aniline dyes in oil. Ex. Minwax, etc
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Applying Stains Cont…
Wood Stain Finishes: Wood Toned - Lightly pigmented wood-toned finishes add
color to the wood, while enhancing its natural beauty. Semi-Transparent- Semi-transparent finishes allow both the
natural grain and texture to show through.
Solid Color- The most durable finish, solid color stains reveal
the texture of the wood, but generally conceal the grain.
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Clear Finishes
Two basic types of clear top-coat finishes:
Those that penetrate the wood Ex- linseed oil, danish oil
Those that stay on top of the surface Ex. Shellac, varnish, polyurethane and lacquer
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Spray Finish
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Applying Sealer
After stain has dried completely, a sealer should be applied over the stain before a clear finish is applied. Why?
-This prevents the stain from bleeding into the clear coat which causes the end result to be cloudy.
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Applying a filler
This is put on over the sealer to seal the pores of the wood before applying a clear finish.
Apply filler first along the grain of the wood. Then work across the grain to fill the pores completely.
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Applying Paint and Enamel
These may include, water based latex or oil based.
An enamel paint is a paint that dries to an especially hard, usually glossy, finish.
Before applying paints, a primer should be applied, priming ensures better adhesion of paint to the surface, increases paint durability, and provides additional protection for the material being painted.
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Applying paint and enamel cont…
Generally two coats of paint or enamel are applied.
Between each coat, a light sanding job will help with the looks of your finish.
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Wood Finishing Review
Keep in mind, all safety precautions when working in the lab.
Two main reasons to finish your wood; To protect it To add to its beauty
There are many various finishes, your choice depends on many factors such as;
Type of wood used Project design Projects intended use Visual appearance Will it be exposed to heat or moisture?
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Wood Finishing Review Cont…
Before applying your finish make sure you prepare the surfaces being finished. This includes;
Check for imperfections Correct those imperfections Apply finish
• Take your time, don’t Rush!!!
Any Questions???
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Support Resources
http://home.howstuffworks.com/guide-to-furniture-finishes-ga4.htm
http://www.diynetwork.com/how-to/natural-wood-finishes/index.html
http://home.howstuffworks.com/guide-to-furniture-finishes-ga5.htm
http://home.howstuffworks.com/guide-to-furniture-finishes-ga2.htm