The World of Project Management

Moustafa Mohamed Ali

Mo’men Mohamed Ibrahim

Mohamed Megahed Khalf

Mina Abdo Hakeem

Key Points

• What is a project ?

• Project Management Vs. General Management .

• The three goals of a project .

• The life cycle of a project .

• Methods of selecting projects .

• Risk Management .

• Project portofilio process .

What is a project ?

• A project is a set of tasks , each task is specific and unique with a specific deliverables for a specific need or purpose .

• Characteristics of a project

• Unique

• Have Scpecfic Deliverable

• Timely

• Why a project ?• To fix the reponsability and authority to achieve organizational goals on

an individual

Common Characteristics of Projects

• Multidisciplinary .

• Complex : People with different kinds of Knowledge.

• Conflict : Inseparable companions• the budget & schedule

• client desires and project team.

• between project team’s members.

Project Management Vs. General Management

PROJECT MANAGEMENT GENERAL MANAGEMENT

Everything is an exception Manage by exception

Project Manager must be creative , flexible and problem solver It just need a good project manager

Scope(Project deliverables ) and due date determine its plan

Need a good planning to achieve success

It can cross the organization boundaries

Rarely crossing organizational boundaries

Negotiation

• Why ?• So that he can get the cooperation of other departments in the

organization to supply him with technology, information , resources … etc

• Win-Lose situations • Like buying a car or a house the less you pay the less profit the

seller gets.

• Win-Win situations• It’s a mandatory within the organizations.

The three goals of a project

Life Cycle of a project

• S Shape goes from SLOW Start to Fast Then Slow

• J Shape goes from SLOW to Fast

Selecting Projects

• There are two primary methods for selecting a project• Nonnumeric selection

• Numeric selection

Nonnumeric Selection Methods

• The Sacred Cow• Just do it .. !?

• The Operating Necessity• Is it necessary .. !?

• Comparative Benefits• Divide these project to categories like (Good – Fair – Poor ) if a

one group have more than 8 projects keep dividing like (Good plus – Good minus ) till no groups have more than 8 projects.

Numeric selection

• The Payback Period .

• Net Present Value (NPV) .

Risk Management

• uncertainties found during projects :• Project completion time

• the availability and costs of key resources

• the timing of solutions to technological problems

• the whims of a client

• the actions taken by competitors

Project portofilio process

• Project portofilio process (PPP) attempts to link the organization’s projects directly to the goals and strategy of the organization.

• also a means for monitoring and controlling the organization’s strategic projects .

Steps for The Project Portfolio Process

• Establish a Project Council .

• Identify Project Categories and Criteria .

• Collect Project Data .

• Assess Resource Availability .

• Reduce the Project and Criteria Set .

• Prioritize the Projects within Categories .

• Implement the Process .

Case Study

United Screen Printers

Introduction

• United Screen Printers (USP) produces a wide range of decals for displaying promotional messages on fleet vehicles vehicles(including delivery vans, eighteen - wheelers, and aircraft).

• Although it is one of the oldest forms of printing, screen printing is superior to most of the more modern approaches..why ?!!!• Screen printing works by blocking out areas on a silk screen .

Problem

• USP is about to begin its annual evaluation of proposed projects. Six projects have been proposed as described .

• USP currently has annual sales of approximately $7 million. It typically allocates up to 10 percent of sales to these types of projects.

1-Purchase new large press

• There is currently a three - and - a-half to four - week backlog in the screen printing department

• USP ’ s total lead - time is 4 to 6 weeks instead of average lead - time of 3.5 to 4 weeks (13 % early – 38% on time -49 %late) , 75 percent of the backlog is waiting for press 6.

• press 6 is in dire need of replacement parts but USP has been unable thus far to locate a source for these parts .

• cost for purchasing a new large press is $160,000

• Achieve jobs 50 % to 100 % faster than press 6, the payback period for a new large press would be one year.

2-Build new headquarters

• company needs to have a strong corporate identity.

• improve operating efficiencies.

• Cost $4 million so too risky !! increase the company ’ s debt.

3-Pursue ISO 9000 certification

• Customers assurance .

• improve its processes .

• $250,000 to $300,000 and would take one year to complete

4-Develop formal procedure for mixing inks

• a highly specialized skill.

• consumes 2 – 3 hours of the team leader ’ s time each day(annually $25.000).

• focus on developing ink formulas to make this task: more routine.

less specialized.

Subjective.

• estimated cost $10,000.

5- Purchase and install equipment to produce four-color positives in - house

• lead-time to have positives made by an outside supplier is typically one week and costs $1,500 to $6,000.

• Estimated cost of purchasing the equipment is approximately $150,000 plus $25,000 for installation and training.

• cost of producing positives in house are estimated to be $375 per job.

• When produced in - house, the lead-time is approximately an hour - and - a - half.

6- Purchase inkjet printers

• six inkjet printers at a cost of $140,000 will provide the equivalent capacity of a new large screen printing press.

• The major disadvantage is that compared to the screen printing process, the outdoor durability is more limited.

• inkjet printers are more economical for small orders, while screen printing presses are more economical for large orders.

Questions

1-Agregate plan

Criteria

• Increase the trust between the incorporation

• Increase productivity

• Don’t cross the limited budget

• Risk management budget

Recommended projects

• Purchase new large press

• Pursue ISO 9000 certifi cation

• Total Cost = $700.000 – $460.000 = $240.000

• Risk managemnt cost : $240.000

End of Presentation

Thank you ,,,