WMLWML

Wireless Markup Wireless Markup LanguageLanguage

Presented by:Presented by:Richa SaxenaRicha SaxenaRoll no 1706120Roll no 1706120

What is WML?What is WML?

Markup Language built specifically for Markup Language built specifically for communicating across WAP-based networks.communicating across WAP-based networks.

An specific instance of XML An specific instance of XML

(Extensible Markup Language).(Extensible Markup Language).

WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)

It lets your mobile phone to communicate with It lets your mobile phone to communicate with your provider’s gateway.your provider’s gateway.

The Gateway in turn retrieves content from The Gateway in turn retrieves content from

servers using HTTP. servers using HTTP.

access by mobile phone

access by PDA

virtual meeting space

access by PC

Mobile World Entering the Web world

Magic Lounge is entered via heterogeneous devices

WAP Browser interfaceWAP Browser interface::

Users navigate WAP sites Users navigate WAP sites using three tools using three tools

• Navigation arrows Navigation arrows • Left and right soft buttons Left and right soft buttons • Keypad Keypad

WAP medium properties:

• Site are designed for low Bandwidth condition.

• Use minimal Graphics

• Sites are broken into multiple cards.

• Sites must be designed for easy bookmarking .

• Sites tend to be menu driven rather than text-entry driven.

Deck and Card OrganizationDeck and Card Organization

Card- Each screen displayed on phone is Card- Each screen displayed on phone is called a cardcalled a card

Cards are saved in a group called Deck.Cards are saved in a group called Deck.

Deck is stored in a .wml file.Deck is stored in a .wml file.

What happens when user selects a link?What happens when user selects a link?

A new card in the current deck is brought to the A new card in the current deck is brought to the foreground foreground

A new deck is loaded and one of its cards is A new deck is loaded and one of its cards is displayed displayed

Syntax used in WML scriptSyntax used in WML script ..

WMLScript is case-sensitive. WMLScript is case-sensitive. WMLScript is a weakly typed language .WMLScript is a weakly typed language . Variety of operators that support assignment, Variety of operators that support assignment,

arithmetic, logical, string, comparison, and array arithmetic, logical, string, comparison, and array operations.operations.

Functions can be created and used in Functions can be created and used in WMLScript.WMLScript.

String - contains a set of functions for String - contains a set of functions for performing various string operations performing various string operations

More WML syntaxMore WML syntax

Comments can either be single-line (beginning Comments can either be single-line (beginning with //) or multi-line (bracketed by /* and */). with //) or multi-line (bracketed by /* and */).

WMLScript supports a number of control WMLScript supports a number of control statements statements

WML Example:WML Example:

<?xml version="1.0"?><?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN" WML 1.1//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml"><wml><wml><card id="main" title="An Example"> <card id="main" title="An Example"> <p>Hello World </p> <p>Hello World </p> </card></card></wml></wml>

WML follows XML rulesWML follows XML rules Tags must be nested Tags must be nested <b><i>Hello</b></i> (<b><i>Hello</b></i> (invalidinvalid)) <b><i>Hello</i></b><b><i>Hello</i></b> (valid) (valid) Tags must be closed Tags must be closed <p> <br > </p> <p> <br > </p> (invalid)(invalid) <p> <br> </br> </p><p> <br> </br> </p> (valid) (valid) Tags are case sensitive and must be written in all lowercase Tags are case sensitive and must be written in all lowercase

All attribute values must be in quotesAll attribute values must be in quotes <p align=center> <p align=center> (invalid)(invalid) <p align="center"><p align="center"> (valid) (valid)

Multiple cards & hyperlinksMultiple cards & hyperlinks

<wml><wml> <card id="home" title="SMPU"><card id="home" title="SMPU">

<p align="center"><p align="center"> <big>SMPU</big><br /> <big>SMPU</big><br /> <small><i>Society of Mobile Phone Users</i></small><br /> <small><i>Society of Mobile Phone Users</i></small><br /></p></p><p><p> <a href="#about">About SMPU</a><br /> <a href="#about">About SMPU</a><br /> <a href="become-simple.wml">Become a Member</a><br /> <a href="become-simple.wml">Become a Member</a><br /></p></p>

</card></card> <card id="about" title="About SMPU"><card id="about" title="About SMPU">

<p>SMPU was founded by a group of devoted mobile phone <p>SMPU was founded by a group of devoted mobile phone users.</p>users.</p> <p><a href="#home">SMPU Home</a></p> <p><a href="#home">SMPU Home</a></p>

</card></card></wml> </wml>

AnchoringAnchoring

<wml><wml>

<card title=“Anchor Tag”><card title=“Anchor Tag”>

<p><p>

<anchor><anchor>

Next Page<go href =“test.html”>Next Page<go href =“test.html”>

</anchor></anchor>

</p></p>

</card></card>

</wml></wml>

WML TasksWML Tasks GO TaskGO Task

<wml><wml>

<card><card> <p><p> <anchor><anchor> Go to TestGo to Test <go href =“test.html”><go href =“test.html”> </anchor></anchor> </p></p> </card></card> </wml></wml>

Prev TaskPrev Task <wml><wml> <card><card> <p><p> <anchor><anchor> Previous PagePrevious Page <prev/><prev/> </anchor></anchor> </p></p> </card></card> </wml></wml>

No operation Element <noop> says that nothing No operation Element <noop> says that nothing should be doneshould be done

Refresh <refresh> refreshes the screenRefresh <refresh> refreshes the screen

Image Element <img> Define an imageImage Element <img> Define an image

Comparison of HTML with WMLComparison of HTML with WML

WML is highly structured and very particular about WML is highly structured and very particular about syntax while HTML is not.syntax while HTML is not.

WML is case sensitive in contrast to HTMLWML is case sensitive in contrast to HTML Many tags have required attributes while in HTML Many tags have required attributes while in HTML

we use only those attributes which we needwe use only those attributes which we need WML pages are organized into deck and card WML pages are organized into deck and card

structure in contrast to HTMLstructure in contrast to HTML

WML has to cope up with inherent WML has to cope up with inherent limitation in environment……….limitation in environment……….

Display Size-smaller screen size and resolution.Display Size-smaller screen size and resolution. Input Device-input is usually accomplished by Input Device-input is usually accomplished by

combination of numeric keypad and some function combination of numeric keypad and some function keyskeys

Computational resources-Low power CPU and small Computational resources-Low power CPU and small memory sizememory size

Narrowband network connectivityNarrowband network connectivity. .

ConclusionConclusion

With growing number of mobile users WAP With growing number of mobile users WAP network is bound to grow.network is bound to grow.

As limiting factor WAP cannot be As limiting factor WAP cannot be employed for huge threaded message employed for huge threaded message boards or slideshows.boards or slideshows.

WAP is best suited for small, concrete WAP is best suited for small, concrete pieces of data; stock quotes, addresses, pieces of data; stock quotes, addresses, instant messaging, and such.instant messaging, and such.

THANKSTHANKS